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Walsh MP, Barclay JA, Begg CS, Xuan J, Johnson NT, Cole JC, Kitching MO. Identifying a Hidden Conglomerate Chiral Pool in the CSD. JACS AU 2022; 2:2235-2250. [PMID: 36311827 PMCID: PMC9597607 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conglomerate crystallization is the spontaneous generation of individually enantioenriched crystals from a nonenantioenriched material. This behavior is responsible for spontaneous resolution and the discovery of molecular chirality by Pasteur. The phenomenon of conglomerate crystallization of chiral organic molecules has been left largely undocumented, with no actively curated list available in the literature. While other crystallographic behaviors can be interrogated by automated searching, conglomerate crystallizations are not identified within the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and are therefore not accessible by conventional automated searching. By conducting a manual search of the CSD and literature, a list of over 1800 chiral species capable of conglomerate crystallization was curated by inspection of the racemic synthetic routes described in each publication. The majority of chiral conglomerate crystals are produced and published by synthetic chemists who seldom note and rarely exploit the implications this phenomenon can have on the enantiopurity of their crystalline materials. With their structures revealed, we propose that this list of compounds represents a new chiral pool which is not tied to biological sources of chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - James A. Barclay
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Callum S. Begg
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Jinyi Xuan
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Natalie T. Johnson
- Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, CambridgeCB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason C. Cole
- Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, CambridgeCB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
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2
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Hernández-Guadarrama A, Cuevas F, Montoya-Balbás IJ, Román-Bravo P, Linzaga-Elizalde I. Synthesis of β-mono- and β,γ-di-substituted α-methylene-γ-lactams. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Piersanti G, Bartoccini F. Synthesis and Reactivity of Uhle’s Ketone and Its Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1340-3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUhle’s ketone and its derivatives are highly versatile intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of 3,4-fused tricyclic indole frameworks, i.e. indole alkaloids of the ergot family, that are found in various bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the development of a convenient preparative method for this structural motif as well as its opportune/useful derivatization have been the subject of longstanding interest in the fields of synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we summarize recent and less recent methods for the preparation of Uhle’s ketone and its derivatives as well as its main reactivity towards the synthesis of bioactive substances. Regarding the preparation, it can be roughly classified into two categories: (a) using 4-unfunctionalized and 4-functionalized indole derivatives as starting materials to construct a fused six-member ring, and (b) constructing the indole ring through intramolecular cycloaddition. Principally, the reactivity of the cyclic Uhle’s ketone shown here is derived from the classical electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon or the acidity of the α-hydrogen and, though less intensively investigated, chemical reactions that induce ring expansion to form novel ring skeletons.1 Introduction2 Synthesis2.1 Disconnection A: Cyclization Reaction of the Opportune 3,4-Disubstituted Indole2.2 Disconnection B: Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts Cyclization2.3 Disconnection B: Intramolecular Cyclization via Metal–Halogen Exchange2.4 Disconnection C: Intramolecular Diels–Alder Furan Cycloaddition2.5 Disconnection D: Intramolecular Dearomatizing [3 + 2] Annulation3 Reactivity3.1 Use of Uhle’s Ketone for Lysergic Acid3.2 Use of Uhle’s Ketone for Rearranged Clavines3.3 Use of Uhle’s Ketone for Medicinal Chemistry4 Conclusion and Outlook
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Bartoccini F, Regni A, Retini M, Piersanti G. Concise catalytic asymmetric synthesis of (R)-4-amino Uhle's ketone. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2932-2940. [PMID: 33885552 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00353d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A practical and asymmetric synthesis of (R)-4-amino-5-oxo-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz[cd]indole, an enantiopure framework shared by most ergot alkaloids, was accomplished. Our method involves a Rh(i)-catalyzed 6-exo-trig intramolecular cyclization of an appropriate 4-pinacolboronic ester d-tryptophan aldehyde followed by the oxidation of the resulting secondary benzylic alcohol with a Cu(i)-ABNO catalyst and final deprotection under acidic conditions. This new procedure offers significant advantages over previous synthetic approaches, including brevity, mild reaction conditions, preservation of chiral integrity, and high overall yield and avoids the use of stoichiometric amounts of strongly basic and pyrophoric organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Biosynthesis, total synthesis, and biological profiles of Ergot alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 85:1-112. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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He Y, Song L, Liu C, Wu D, Li Z, Van Meervelt L, Van der Eycken EV. Access to Polycyclic Azepino[5,4,3- cd]indoles via a Gold-Catalyzed Post-Ugi Dearomatization Cascade. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15092-15103. [PMID: 33200934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a rapid and diverse access to complex natural product-like 3,4-fused indole scaffolds has always attracted considerable attention from synthetic and medicinal communities. We herein disclose a modular and straightforward protocol to prepare the densely substituted polycyclic azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole scaffolds. This synthetic process involves an Ugi four-component reaction from easily available starting materials and a gold-catalyzed post-Ugi domino dearomatization/Michael addition sequence, enabling facile access to the highly functionalized azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole core with excellent chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liangliang Song
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chao Liu
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Connon R, Guiry PJ. Recent advances in the development of one-pot/multistep syntheses of 3,4-annulated indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Yuan Y, Pan G, Zhang X, Huang Q. One pot synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridines from 7-phenylindoles via tandem C–H olefination/aza-Michael addition. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented one-pot C–H olefination/aza-Michael addition tandem process has been developed for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridines from 7-phenylindoles and alkenes using a [Cp*RhCl2]2/AgOAc/Me4NOAc catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yuan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Guoshuai Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
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Chagarovskiy AO, Kuznetsov VV, Ivanova OA, Goloveshkin AS, Levina II, Makhova NN, Trushkov IV. Synthesis of 1-Substituted Pyrazolines by Reaction of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey O. Chagarovskiy
- Oncology and Immunology; Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology; 117997 Russian Federation
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Kuznetsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory 1-3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Goloveshkin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilova 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Irina I. Levina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences; Kosygina 4 119334 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Oncology and Immunology; Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology; 117997 Russian Federation
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky pr. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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