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Chen YY, Lai YY. Synthesis of 3,3'-(Ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) Promoted by Thermally-activated Electron Transfer and Photoreduction of CO 2 to CH 4 and CO. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300604. [PMID: 37219002 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Sonogashira coupling reaction leads to the formation of a serendipitous product C with the 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) unit. To our knowledge, our study provides the first example demonstrating that electron transfer between isoindigo and triethylamine can be thermally activated and can be employed in synthesis. The physical properties of C suggest that it possesses decent photo-induced electron-transfer capabilities. Under the illumination of 136 mW cm-2 intensity, C yields ≈2.4 mmol gcat -1 (per gram of catalyst) of CH4 and ≈0.5 mmol gcat -1 of CO in 20 h in the absence of additional metal, co-catalyst, and amine sacrificial agent. The primary kinetic isotope effect suggests that the bond cleavage of water is a rate-determining step in the reduction. Moreover, the CH4 and CO production can be boosted as the illuminance increases. This study demonstrates that organic donor-acceptor conjugated molecules are potential photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Liu HH, Chang SL, Huang KH, Cao FY, Cheng KY, Sun HS, Lai YY, Cheng YJ. Two-Dimensional Tetrathienonaphthalenes-Based Donor–Acceptor Copolymers: Synthesis, Isomeric Effect, and Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ling Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yi Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yi Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Synthesis of random copolymer using Zig-Zag Naphthodithiophene for bulk Heterojunction polymer solar cell applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mishima K, Yamashita K. Importance of Side-Chains on Molecular Characteristics of Interacting Organic Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10396-10404. [PMID: 31460133 PMCID: PMC6648652 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have calculated several physical quantities related to two interacting semiconductor organic molecules to reveal the significance and the role of the side-chains. The molecular systems of our target are the geometry-optimized dimer systems: that consisting of two [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester molecules and that consisting of two peryline diimide-related molecules. The physical quantities shown in the present work are their relative molecular geometries, optimized energies, barycentric distances, angles between the two molecular planes, dipole moments, and electronic couplings. We have found that these physical quantities show quite different tendencies among the systems, which results from the absence/presence of the side-chains in these molecular species. It is emphasized that the presence of side-chains brings about the diversity of molecular characteristics in interacting molecules. This may point out the importance of side-chains in the various organic materials in general.
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Jeon SJ, Han YW, Moon DK. Drastic Changes in Properties of Donor-Acceptor Polymers Induced by Asymmetric Structural Isomers for Application to Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9239-9250. [PMID: 30761905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate design of donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers is important for enhancing their physical, optical, and electrochemical properties. The rapid development of D-A conjugated polymers based on fullerene and nonfullerene derivatives in the past decade has led to an improvement in the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we designed and synthesized two donor polymers based on the DTffBT acceptor unit, with matching optical absorption range and energy levels with fullerene (PC71BM) and nonfullerene acceptors (ITIC and IDIC), by introducing asymmetric structural isomers of donor units. We demonstrated that materials design by structural modification dramatically affects the physical, optical, and electrochemical properties as well as the crystallinity and photovoltaic performance of the polymers. The results provide valuable insights into materials design for efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Engineering , Konkuk University , 120, Neungdong-ro , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Engineering , Konkuk University , 120, Neungdong-ro , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Engineering , Konkuk University , 120, Neungdong-ro , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
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Lai YY, Huang VH, Lee HT, Yang HR. Stacking Principles on π- and Lamellar Stacking for Organic Semiconductors Evaluated by Energy Decomposition Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18656-18662. [PMID: 31458431 PMCID: PMC6643516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two stacking manners, that is, π- and lamellar stacking, are generally found for organic semiconductors, in which the π-stacking occurs between conjugated groups and the lamellar stacking refers to the separation of the conjugated and aliphatic moieties. The stacking principles are yet not well-defined. In this work, extended transition state-natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV), an energy decomposition analysis, is utilized to examine the π- and lamellar stacking for a series of naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (R-NDI) crystals. The crucial role of dispersion is validated. The perception that π-stacking is merely determined by the conjugated moiety is challenged. The stacking principles are associated with the closest packing model. Nanoscopic phase separation of conjugated and aliphatic moieties and the formation of lamellar and herringbone motifs in the R-NDIs can thus be clarified. Moreover, the interactions between NDI and the alkyl chain are investigated, revealing that the interactions can be significant, being contradictory to the conventional point of view. Along with R-NDIs, additional organic crystals consisting of various conjugated functionalities and substituents are also investigated by ETS-NOCV. The sampling scope is up to 108 conjugated molecules. The dominant role of dispersion force irrespective of the variation in the conjugated moieties and substituents is further confirmed. It is envisaged that the established principles are applicable to other organic semiconductors. The perspective toward the π- and lamellar stacking might be modified, paving the way for ultimate morphological control.
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Hsiao YT, Li CH, Chang SL, Heo S, Tajima K, Cheng YJ, Hsu CS. Haptacyclic Carbazole-Based Ladder-Type Nonfullerene Acceptor with Side-Chain Optimization for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42035-42042. [PMID: 29125280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a haptacyclic carbazole-based dithienocyclopentacarbazole (DTCC) ladder-type structure was formylated to couple with two 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) moieties, forming a new nonfullerene acceptor DTCCIC-C17 using a bulky branched 1-octylnonayl side chain at the nitrogen of the embedded carbazole and four 4-octylphenyl groups at the sp3-carbon bridges. The rigid and coplanar main-chain backbone of the DTCC core provides a broad light-absorbing window and a higher-lying LUMO energy level, whereas the bulky flanked side chains reduce intermolecular interactions, making DTCCIC-C17 amorphous with excellent solution processability. The DTCCIC-C17 as an acceptor is combined with a medium band gap polymer poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) as the donor in the active layer to obtain suitable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy alignments and complimentary absorption. The devices with an inverted configuration (ITO/ZnO/active layer/MoO3/Ag) without using an aqueous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate layer were fabricated for better device stability. When the diiodooctane-treated PBDB-T:DTCCIC-C17 active layer was thermally annealed at 50 °C for 10 min, the device achieved the highest efficiency of 9.48% with a high Voc of 0.98 V, a Jsc of 14.27 mA cm-2, and an FF of 0.68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Hsiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ling Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Soowon Heo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Chang SL, Cao FY, Huang WC, Huang PK, Hsu CS, Cheng YJ. Highly Efficient Inverted D:A 1:A 2 Ternary Blend Organic Photovoltaics Combining a Ladder-type Non-Fullerene Acceptor and a Fullerene Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24797-24803. [PMID: 28660755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A formylated benzodi(cyclopentadithiophene) (BDCPDT) ladder-type structure with forced coplanarity is coupled with two 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) moieties via olefination to form a non-fullerene acceptor, BDCPDT-IC. The BDCPDT-IC, as an acceptor (A1) with broad light-absorbing ability and excellent solution processability, is combined with a second PC71BM acceptor (A2) and a medium band gap polymer, PBDB-T, as the donor (D) to form a ternary blend with gradient HOMO/LUMO energy alignments and panchromatic absorption. The device with the inverted architecture using the D:A1:A2 ternary blend has achieved a highest efficiency of 9.79% with a superior Jsc of 16.84 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ling Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yi Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chia Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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