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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Lu C, Zhu XF, Wang Y, Wu GP. Organoboron-mediated polymerizations. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3384-3456. [PMID: 38411207 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed extensive developments and applications of organoboron compounds as synthetic elements and metal-free catalysts for the construction of small molecules, macromolecules, and functional materials over the last two decades. This review highlights the achievements of organoboron-mediated polymerizations in the past several decades alongside the mechanisms underlying these transformations from the standpoint of the polymerization mode. Emphasis is placed on free radical polymerization, Lewis pair polymerization, ionic (cationic and anionic) polymerization, and polyhomologation. Herein, alkylborane/O2 initiating systems mediate the radical polymerization under ambient conditions in a controlled/living manner by careful optimization of the alkylborane structure or additives; when combined with Lewis bases, the selected organoboron compounds can mediate the Lewis pair polymerization of polar monomers; the bicomponent organoboron-based Lewis pairs and bifunctional organoboron-onium catalysts catalyze ring opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers (with heteroallenes, such as epoxides, CO2, CO, COS, CS2, episulfides, anhydrides, and isocyanates) with well-defined structures and high reactivities; and organoboranes initiate the polyhomologation of sulfur ylides and arsonium ylides providing functional polyethylene with different topologies. The topological structures of the produced polymers via these organoboron-mediated polymerizations are also presented in this review mainly including linear polymers, block copolymers, cyclic polymers, and graft polymers. We hope the summary and understanding of how organoboron compounds mediate polymerizations can inspire chemists to apply these principles in the design of more advanced organoboron compounds, which may be beneficial for the polymer chemistry community and organometallics/organocatalysis community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chenjie Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Zhang C, Geng X, Zhang X, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Alkyl Borane-Mediated Metal-Free Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerizations of Oxygenated Monomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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Alghamdi RD, Yudhanto A, Lubineau G, Abou-Hamad E, Hadjichristidis N. Polyethylene grafted silica nanoparticles via surface-initiated polyhomologation: A novel filler for polyolefin nanocomposite. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Li F, Klok HA. Macromolecular engineering via polyhomologation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Li F, Thiele S, Klok HA. Polymethylene Brushes via Surface-Initiated C1 Polyhomologation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19873-19880. [PMID: 34793151 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface-initiated polymerization reactions are a powerful tool to generate chain-end-tethered polymer brushes. This report presents a synthetic strategy that gives access to structurally well-defined hydrocarbon polymer brushes of controlled molecular weights, which can be further modified to generate more complex surface-attached polymer architectures. The hydrocarbon brushes reported in this study are polymethylene brushes that are obtained via surface-initiated C1 polyhomologation of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide. The strategy outlined here is based on the use of an alkylboronic acid pinacol ester initiator, which allows for controlled, unidirectional chain growth by monomer insertion into only the C-B bond of the initiator and which presents the polymerization active group at the growing polymer chain end. This surface-initiated C1 polyhomologation methodology is compatible with photopatterning strategies and can be used to generate micropatterned polymethylene brush films. Furthermore, conversion of the boronic ester chain-end functionalities to hydroxyl groups allows for selective chain-end modification and enables access to a variety of surface-anchored block copolymer architectures by chain extension via, for example, ring-opening or atom transfer radical polymerization chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Thiele
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Liu P, Hadjichristidis N. Boron-Catalyzed Polymerization of Phenyl-Substituted Allylic Arsonium Ylides toward Nonconjugated Emissive Materials from C3/C1 Monomeric Units. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1287-1294. [PMID: 35549048 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel allylic arsonium ylide monomers with a phenyl (steric and electronic effect) group at different positions were synthesized and used in boron-catalyzed polymerization to produce a series of well-defined polymers, poly(2-phenyl-propenylene-co-2-phenyl-propenylidene) (P2-PhAY) and poly(3-phenyl-propenylene-co-3-phenyl-propenylidene) (P3-PhAY), with unusual structures but a controllable molecular weight and relatively low polydispersity. The backbone of these polymers consists of a mixture of C1 (chain grows by one carbon atom at a time) and C3 (chain grows by three carbon atoms at a time) monomeric units, as determined by 1H, 13C, and 1H-13C HSQC 2D NMR. Based on the experimental results and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, we were able to propose a mechanism that takes into account not only the steric hindrance, but also the electron effect of the phenyl group. In addition, a nontraditional intrinsic luminescence was observed from the nonconjugated P2-PhAY and P3-PhAY; such unexpected emission is attributed to the formation of C3-unit clusters, as evidenced by ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pibo Liu
- Division of Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP), Dalian, Liaoning 116023, Republic of China
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Wang X, Hadjichristidis N. Steric Hindrance Drives the Boron‐Initiated Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides to Photoluminescent C5‐Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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8
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Wang X, Hadjichristidis N. Steric Hindrance Drives the Boron-Initiated Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides to Photoluminescent C5-Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22469-22477. [PMID: 34387919 PMCID: PMC8518972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkyl-subsituted dienyltriphenylarsonium ylides were synthesized and used as monomers in borane-initiated polymerization to obtain practically pure C5-polymers (main-chain grows by five carbon atoms at a time). The impact of triethylborane (Et3 B), tributylborane (Bu3 B), tri-sec-butylborane (s-Bu3 B), and triphenylborane (Ph3 B) initiators on C5 polymerization was studied. Based on NMR and SEC results, we have shown that all synthesized polymers have C5 units with a unique unsaturated backbone where two conjugated double bonds are separated by one methylene. The synthesized C5-polymers possess predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mn,NMR =2.8 -11.9 kg mol-1 , Ð=1.04-1.24). It has been found that increasing the steric hindrance of both the monomer and the initiator can facilitate the formation of more C5 repeating units, thus driving the polymerization to almost pure C5-polymer (up to 95.8 %). The polymerization mechanism was studied by 11 B NMR and confirmed by DFT calculations. The synthesized C5-polymers are amorphous with tunable glass-transition temperatures by adjusting the substituents of monomers, ranging from +30.1 °C to -38.4 °C. Furthermore, they possess blue photoluminescence that changes to yellow illuminating the polymers for 5 days with UV radiation of 365 nm (IIE, isomerization induced emission).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
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9
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Matxinandiarena E, Múgica A, Zubitur M, Ladelta V, Zapsas G, Cavallo D, Hadjichristidis N, Müller AJ. Crystallization and Morphology of Triple Crystalline Polyethylene- b-poly(ethylene oxide)- b-poly(ε-caprolactone) PE- b-PEO- b-PCL Triblock Terpolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183133. [PMID: 34578032 PMCID: PMC8473441 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and crystallization behavior of two triblock terpolymers of polymethylene, equivalent to polyethylene (PE), poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are studied: PE227.1-b-PEO4615.1-b-PCL3210.4 (T1) and PE379.5-b-PEO348.8-b-PCL297.6 (T2) (superscripts give number average molecular weights in kg/mol and subscripts composition in wt %). The three blocks are potentially crystallizable, and the triple crystalline nature of the samples is investigated. Polyhomologation (C1 polymerization), ring-opening polymerization, and catalyst-switch strategies were combined to synthesize the triblock terpolymers. In addition, the corresponding PE-b-PEO diblock copolymers and PE homopolymers were also analyzed. The crystallization sequence of the blocks was determined via three independent but complementary techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in situ SAXS/WAXS (small angle X-ray scattering/wide angle X-ray scattering), and polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM). The two terpolymers (T1 and T2) are weakly phase segregated in the melt according to SAXS. DSC and WAXS results demonstrate that in both triblock terpolymers the crystallization process starts with the PE block, continues with the PCL block, and ends with the PEO block. Hence triple crystalline materials are obtained. The crystallization of the PCL and the PEO block is coincident (i.e., it overlaps); however, WAXS and PLOM experiments can identify both transitions. In addition, PLOM shows a spherulitic morphology for the PE homopolymer and the T1 precursor diblock copolymer, while the other systems appear as non-spherulitic or microspherulitic at the last stage of the crystallization process. The complicated crystallization of tricrystalline triblock terpolymers can only be fully grasped when DSC, WAXS, and PLOM experiments are combined. This knowledge is fundamental to tailor the properties of these complex but fascinating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Agurtzane Múgica
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuela Zubitur
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (V.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - George Zapsas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (V.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (V.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.M.); (A.M.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (A.J.M.)
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10
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Matxinandiarena E, Múgica A, Tercjak A, Ladelta V, Zapsas G, Hadjichristidis N, Cavallo D, Flores A, Müller AJ. Sequential Crystallization and Multicrystalline Morphology in PE- b-PEO- b-PCL- b-PLLA Tetrablock Quarterpolymers. Macromolecules 2021; 54:7244-7257. [PMID: 35663800 PMCID: PMC9159653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
investigate for the first time the morphology and crystallization
of two novel tetrablock quarterpolymers of polyethylene (PE), poly(ethylene
oxide) (PEO), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) with four potentially crystallizable blocks: PE187.1-b-PEO3715.1-b-PCL2610.4-b-PLLA197.6 (Q1) and PE299.5-b-PEO268.8-b-PCL237.6-b-PLLA227.3 (Q2) (superscripts give number average molecular weights
in kg/mol, and subscripts give the composition in wt %). Their synthesis
was performed by a combination of polyhomologation (C1 polymerization)
and ring-opening polymerization techniques using a ″catalyst-switch″
strategy, either ″organocatalyst/metal catalyst switch″
(Q1 sample, 96% isotactic tetrads) or ″organocatalyst/organocatalyst
switch″ (Q2 sample, 84% isotactic tetrads). Their corresponding
precursors—triblock terpolymers PE-b-PEO-b-PCL, diblock copolymers PE-b-PEO, and
PE homopolymers—were also studied. Cooling and heating rates
from the melt at 20 °C/min were employed for most experiments:
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light optical microscopy
(PLOM), in situ small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle
X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The
direct comparison of the results obtained with these different techniques
allows the precise identification of the crystallization sequence
of the blocks upon cooling from the melt. SAXS indicated that Q1 is
melt miscible, while Q2 is weakly segregated in the melt but breaks
out during crystallization. According to WAXS and DSC results, the
blocks follow a sequence as they crystallize: PLLA first, then PE,
then PCL, and finally PEO in the case of the Q1 quarterpolymer; in
Q2, the PLLA block is not able to crystallize due to its low isotacticity.
Although the temperatures at which the PEO and PCL blocks and the
PE and PLLA blocks crystallize overlap, the analysis of the intensity
changes measured by WAXS and PLOM experiments allows identifying each
of the crystallization processes. The quarterpolymer Q1 remarkably
self-assembles during crystallization into tetracrystalline banded
spherulites, where four types of different lamellae coexist. Nanostructural
features arising upon sequential crystallization are found to have
a relevant impact on the mechanical properties. Nanoindentation measurements
show that storage modulus and hardness of the Q1 quarterpolymer significantly
deviate from those of the stiff PE and PLLA blocks, approaching typical
values of compliant PEO and PCL. Results are mainly attributed to
the low crystallinity of the PE and PLLA blocks. Moreover, the Q2
copolymer exhibits inferior mechanical properties than Q1, and this
can be related to the PE block within Q1 that has thinner crystal
lamellae according to its much lower melting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Agurtzane Múgica
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Araceli Flores
- Polymer Physics, Elastomers and Applications Energy, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Lu SJ, Kang S, Cho Y, Choi M, Bielawski CW. Nickel‐catalyzed
polymerization of a substituted sulfoxonium ylide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn J. Lu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Songsu Kang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang Cho
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang X, Hadjichristidis N. Boron‐Catalyzed Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides: On the Way to Pure C5 Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center Polymer Synthesis Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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13
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Wang X, Hadjichristidis N. Boron-Catalyzed Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides: On the Way to Pure C5 Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8431-8434. [PMID: 33432725 PMCID: PMC8049021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first C5 polymerization is reported, where the main-chain is growing by five carbon atoms of the monomer at a time. Three dienyltriphenylarsonium ylide monomers were synthesized and polymerized with triethylborane as an initiator, leading to random terpolymers (C1, C3, C5) with mainly C5 repeating units (up to 84.1 %). It has been found that the methyl group (electron-donating substituent) on the conjugated double bond of the ylides facilitates the formation of C5 segments. A mechanism was proposed based on NMR characterization and DFT calculations. The high C5 content ensures that things are on the right track for pure C5 homopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
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14
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Bai H, Han L, Li W, Li C, Zhang S, Wang X, Yin Y, Yan H, Ma H. C5 and C6 Polymerizations by Anion Migrated Ring-Opening of 1-Cyclopropylvinylbenzene and 1-Cyclobutylvinylbenzene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Bai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company, Ltd., Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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15
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Ntetsikas K, Zapsas G, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Feng X, Thomas EL, Hadjichristidis N. Complex Star Architectures of Well-Defined Polyethylene-Based Co/Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ladelta V, Zapsas G, Abou‐hamad E, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Tetracrystalline Tetrablock Quarterpolymers: Four Different Crystallites under the Same Roof. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis LaboratoryKAUST Catalysis CenterPhysical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Polymer Synthesis LaboratoryKAUST Catalysis CenterPhysical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou‐hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Core LabKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis LaboratoryKAUST Catalysis CenterPhysical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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18
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Ladelta V, Zapsas G, Abou-Hamad E, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Tetracrystalline Tetrablock Quarterpolymers: Four Different Crystallites under the Same Roof. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16267-16274. [PMID: 31448860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multicrystalline block polymers having three or more crystalline segments are essential materials for the advancement of physics in the field of crystallinity. The challenging synthesis of multicrystalline polymers has resulted in only a limited number of tricrystalline terpolymers having been reported to date. We report, for the first time, the synthesis of polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-b-poly(l-lactide) (PE-b-PEO-b-PCL-b-PLLA), a tetracrystalline tetrablock quarterpolymer, by combining polyhomologation, ring-opening polymerization, and an organic/metal "catalyst switch" strategy. 1 H NMR spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography confirmed the formation of the tetrablock quarterpolymer, while differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and wide-line separation solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed the existence of four different crystalline domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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19
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pH-responsive AIE-active Polyethylene-based Block Copolymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Farrell WS, Orski SV, Kotula AP, Baugh III DW, Snyder CR, Beers KL. Precision, Tunable Deuterated Polyethylene via Polyhomologation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley S. Farrell
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sara V. Orski
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Anthony P. Kotula
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Daniel W. Baugh III
- The Dow Chemical Company, 230 Abner Jackson Parkway, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Chad R. Snyder
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Beers
- Materials Science & Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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21
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Zapsas G, Patil Y, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Block Copolymers and Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Jiang Y, Hadjichristidis N. Tetraphenylethene-Functionalized Polyethylene-Based Polymers with Aggregation-Induced Emission. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang D, Hadjichristidis N. An Efficient and General Strategy toward the Synthesis of Polyethylene-Based Cyclic Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - De Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Zapsas G, Ntetsikas K, Kim J, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Boron “stitching” reaction: a powerful tool for the synthesis of polyethylene-based star architectures. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the “stitching” reaction, which transforms the “unstable” boron junction to “stable” carbon, we were able to synthesize novel star block copolymers. This strategy is general and opens new horizons towards unprecedented PE-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zapsas
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
| | - Joey Kim
- California Institute of Technology
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- CA 91125
- USA
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal
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25
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Alshumrani RA, Hadjichristidis N. Well-defined triblock copolymers of polyethylene with polycaprolactone or polystyrene using a novel difunctional polyhomologation initiator. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α,ω-Dihydroxy polyethylene, valuable precursor for the synthesis of polyethylene-based terpolymers with polar blocks, was synthesized by polyhomologation of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide with 9-thexyl-9-BBN, a novel difunctional initiator with two active and one blocked sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A. Alshumrani
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- Thuwal 23955
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- Thuwal 23955
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