1
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Hurst JM, Yadav R, Boeck PT, Ghiviriga I, Brantley CL, Dobrzycki Ł, Veige AS. Snapshot of cyclooctyne ring-opening to a tethered alkylidene cyclic polymer catalyst. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04411h. [PMID: 39282642 PMCID: PMC11391340 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclooctyne reacts with the trianionic pincer ligand supported alkylidyne [ t BuOCO]WCC(CH3)3(THF)2 (1) to yield tungstacyclopropene (3) and tungstacyclopentadiene (4) complexes. The ratio of 3 and 4 in the reaction mixture depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction. The maximum concentration of 3 occurs with one equiv. of cyclooctyne and 4 is the exclusive product of the reaction above three equivalents. Both complexes 3 and 4 convert to the cyclooctyne ring-opened product 5 upon heating. While the conversion of 4 to 5 is accompanied by formation of polycyclooctyne as a white precipitate during the reaction, conversion of 3 to 5 is homogeneous. Exhibiting Ring Expansion Polymerization (REP), complexes 4 and 5 initiate the polymerization of phenylacetylene to generate cyclic poly(phenylacetylene) (c-PPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier M Hurst
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Rinku Yadav
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Parker T Boeck
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - ChristiAnna L Brantley
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Adam S Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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2
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Noh J, Koo MB, Jung J, Peterson GI, Kim KT, Choi TL. Monodisperse Cyclic Polymer Mechanochemistry: Scission Kinetics and the Dynamic Memory Effect with Ultrasonication and Ball-Mill Grinding. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18432-18438. [PMID: 37486970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of monodisperse cyclic and linear poly(d,l-lactide)s (c-PLA and l-PLA, respectively) were prepared with various degrees of polymerization (DP) using an iterative convergent synthesis approach. The absence of a molecular weight distribution provided us a chance to study their mechanochemical reactivity without obstructions arising from the size distribution. Additionally, we prepared l- and c-PLAs with identical DPs, which enabled us to attribute differences in scission rates to the cyclic polymer architecture alone. The polymers were subjected to ultrasonication (US) and ball-mill grinding (BMG), and their degradation kinetics were explored. Up to 9.0 times larger scission rates were observed for l-PLA (compared to c-PLA) with US, but the difference was less than 1.9 times with BMG. Fragmentation requires two backbone scission events for c-PLA, and we were able to observe linear intermediates (formed after a single scission) for the first time. We also developed a new method of studying the dynamic memory effect in US by characterizing and comparing the daughter fragment molecular weight distributions of l- and c-PLAs. These results provide new insights into the influence of the cyclic polymer architecture on mechanochemical reactions as well as differences in reactivity observed with US and BMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo Beom Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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3
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Namekawa T, Sugita H, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Synthesis of cyclic polymers containing various backbones by means of non-stoichiometric Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation through intramolecular catalyst transfer. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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4
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Sorensen CC, Leibfarth FA. Stereoselective Helix-Sense-Selective Cationic Polymerization of N-Vinylcarbazole Using Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8487-8492. [PMID: 35510915 PMCID: PMC10061354 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Helical polymers with a defined main-chain atropoisomeric conformation are important materials in high value applications such as nonlinear optics and chiral separations. Currently, no methods exist for the cationic helix-sense-selective polymerization of prochiral vinyl monomers, which limits access to a number of potentially valuable optically active helical polymers. Here, we demonstrate the first stereoselective cationic helix-sense-selective polymerization of a prochiral vinyl monomer, which provides access to optically active helices of poly(N-vinylcarbazole). Chiral bis(oxazoline)-scandium Lewis acids serve as chiral counterions to polymerize N-vinylcarbazole into highly isotactic (up to 94% meso triads) polymers. Mechanistic investigations uncovered the distinct phenomenon that are responsible for independent control of conformational (i.e., helicity) and configurational (i.e., tacticity) stereochemistry. Polymer helicity was strongly influenced by the stereoselectivity of the first monomer propagation, whereas polymer tacticity was dictated by the thermodynamically controlled conformation of the growing polymer chain end. Overall, this method expands the suite of accessible helical polymers through helix-sense-selective polymerization and provides mechanistic insight into how polymer tacticity and helicity can be controlled independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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6
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Li J, Lin Z, He D, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium‐Catalyzed
Sequential Cyclization/Functionalization of Oxime Ethers with Unactivated Vinyl Ethers for Tunable Assembly of Structurally Diverse Isoxazoles. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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7
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Wang TW, Huang PR, Chow JL, Kaminsky W, Golder MR. A Cyclic Ruthenium Benzylidene Initiator Platform Enhances Reactivity for Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7314-7319. [PMID: 33960766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) has shown potential as an efficient strategy to access cyclic macromolecules. Current approaches that utilize cyclic olefin feedstocks suffer from poor functional group tolerance, low initiator stability, and slow reaction kinetics. Improvements to current initiators will address these issues in order to develop more versatile and user-friendly technologies. Herein, we report a reinvigorated tethered ruthenium-benzylidene initiator, CB6, that utilizes design features from ubiquitous Grubbs-type initiators that are regularly applied in linear polymerizations. We report the controlled synthesis of functionalized cyclic poly(norbornene)s and demonstrate that judicious ligand modifications not only greatly improve kinetics but also lead to enhanced initiator stability. Overall, CB6 is an adaptable platform for the study and application of cyclic macromolecules via REMP.
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8
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Jeong M, Kang S, Torikai K, Lee S, Yun H. A New Julia-Kocienski Reagent for Convenient Access to the 2-Naphthylmethyl Vinyl Ethers. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1868929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeonggyo Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeun Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kohei Torikai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wang TW, Golder MR. Advancing macromolecular hoop construction: recent developments in synthetic cyclic polymer chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology to access cyclic macromolecules continues to develop via two distinct mechanistic classes: ring-expansion of macrocyclic initiators and ring-closure of functionalized linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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10
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Kusuyama N, Daito Y, Kubota H, Kametani Y, Ouchi M. Construction of ring-based architectures via ring-expansion cationic polymerization and post-polymerization modification: design of cyclic initiators from divinyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topologically unique polymers such as tadpole and figure-eight polymers were synthesized via ring-expansion cationic polymerization (RECP) of vinyl ether with a functionalized cyclic initiator, followed by post-polymerization modification (PPM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kametani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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11
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Daito Y, Kojima R, Kusuyama N, Kohsaka Y, Ouchi M. Magnesium bromide (MgBr 2) as a catalyst for living cationic polymerization and ring-expansion cationic polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium bromide (MgBr2) was found to be an effective catalyst for the ring-expansion cationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) initiated by a “cyclic” hemiacetal ester (HAE) bond-based initiator leading to the syntheses of cyclic poly(IBVE)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Reina Kojima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kohsaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM)
- Shinshu University
- Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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12
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Abstract
A range of hemiacetal esters were synthesized by the reaction between carboxylic acids and butyl vinyl ether using n-dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate as catalyst. Specifically, nonanoic, propionic, acrylic, sebacic, and fumaric acids were used as substrates to prepare the corresponding hemiacetal esters. These compounds were used as model molecules to demonstrate the ability of hemiacetal ester functional groups to undergo the exchange reaction in the presence of weak carboxylic acids without any catalyst. Kinetics studies examined the eect of the carboxylic acid concentration on the exchange rate, and revealed that the exchange reaction proceeds through an associative mechanism.
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13
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Miao Z, Pal D, Niu W, Kubo T, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Cyclic Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene): Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of a Transparent Cyclic Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Miao
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Digvijayee Pal
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Weijia Niu
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Kirillov E, Rodygin K, Ananikov V. Recent advances in applications of vinyl ether monomers for precise synthesis of custom-tailored polymers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Takahashi A, Tsunoda S, Yuzaki R, Kameyama A. Thioacyl-Transfer Ring-Expansion Polymerization of Thiiranes Based on a Cyclic Dithiocarbamate Initiator. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Shosuke Tsunoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ryu Yuzaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kameyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
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16
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Ahrens A, Schwarz J, Lustosa DM, Pourkaveh R, Hoffmann M, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Fulvene Vinyl Ethers by Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:5280-5287. [PMID: 32092204 PMCID: PMC7216831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,5-diynes with ketones as reagents and solvent provides diversely substituted vinyl ethers under mild conditions. The regioselectivity of such gold-catalyzed cyclizations is usually controlled by the scaffold of the diyne. Herein, we report the first solvent-controlled switching of regioselectivity from a 6-endo-dig- to 5-endo-dig-cyclization in these transformations, providing fulvene derivatives. With respect to the functional-group tolerance, aryl fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and ethers are tolerated. Furthermore, the mechanism and selectivity are put to scrutiny by experimental studies and a thermodynamic analysis of the product. Additionally, 6-(vinyloxy)fulvenes are a hitherto unknown class of compounds. Their reactivity is briefly evaluated, to give insights into their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ahrens
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julia Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Danilo M. Lustosa
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Raheleh Pourkaveh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural ProductsDepartment of ChemistrySharif University of TechnologyAzadi StreetPO Box 111559516TehranIran
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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17
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Kubota H, Yoshida S, Ouchi M. Ring-expansion cationic cyclopolymerization for the construction of cyclic cyclopolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A “cyclic cyclopolymer” was successfully synthesized via ring-expansion cationic cyclopolymerization with a cyclic initiator by using a divinyl ether carrying a gem-dimethyl group on the spacer as the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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18
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Takahashi A, Yuzaki R, Ishida Y, Kameyama A. Controlled ring‐expansion polymerization of thiiranes based on cyclic aromatic thiourethane initiator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, 3‐27‐1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa‐ku, Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa 221‐8686 Japan
| | - Ryu Yuzaki
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, 3‐27‐1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa‐ku, Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa 221‐8686 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ishida
- Center for Fundamental Education Teikyo University of Science, 2525 Yatsusawa, Uenohara‐shi Yamanashi 409‐0133 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kameyama
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University, 3‐27‐1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa‐ku, Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa 221‐8686 Japan
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19
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Narumi A, Yamada M, Unno Y, Kumaki J, Binder WH, Enomoto K, Kikuchi M, Kawaguchi S. Evaluation of Ring Expansion-Controlled Radical Polymerization System by AFM Observation. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:634-638. [PMID: 35619537 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We here present a direct link between the reaction mechanisms for the ring-expansion "vinyl" polymerization system and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations. The brush-modification clearly discriminates the desired cyclic species with the contour lengths (Lc) of 28-132 nm and molar masses (MAFM) of 60.2-283 kg mol-1 from the other linear ones. The 293 polymer blushes observed in a 1.0 μm × 1.0 μm AFM image are individually characterized, eventually providing clear answers about the mechanisms of this rare polymerization system, which include ring-expansion vinyl polymerizations to generate cyclic polymers, fusions of the generated cycles to form multimers, and their scission to form linear or ring-opened species. The relationship between the molecular chain lengths and the cyclic versus linear morphologies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
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20
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Edwards JP, Wolf WJ, Grubbs RH. The synthesis of cyclic polymers by olefin metathesis: Achievements and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian P. Edwards
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
| | - William J. Wolf
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125
- 1200 E California Blvd MC 164‐30 Pasadena California 91101
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21
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Zhu J, Chen EY. Living Coordination Polymerization of a Six‐Five Bicyclic Lactone to Produce Completely Recyclable Polyester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
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Zhu J, Chen EY. Living Coordination Polymerization of a Six‐Five Bicyclic Lactone to Produce Completely Recyclable Polyester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12558-12562. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
| | - Eugene Y.‐X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872 USA
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Narumi A, Kobayashi T, Yamada M, Binder WH, Matsuda K, Shaykoon MSA, Enomoto K, Kikuchi M, Kawaguchi S. Ring-Expansion/Contraction Radical Crossover Reactions of Cyclic Alkoxyamines: A Mechanism for Ring Expansion-Controlled Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E638. [PMID: 30966672 PMCID: PMC6404036 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic polymers present an important class of macromolecules, displaying the reduced radius of gyration or impossibility to entangle. A rare approach for their synthesis is the ring expansion-controlled radical "vinyl" polymerization, starting from a cyclic alkoxyamine. We here describe ring-expansion radical crossover reactions of cyclic alkoxyamines which run in parallel to chain-propagation reactions in the polymerization system. The radical crossover reactions extensively occurred at 105⁻125 °C, eventually producing high molecular weight polymers with multiple inherent dynamic covalent bonds (NOC bonds). A subsequent ring-contraction radical crossover reaction and the second ring-expansion radical crossover reaction are also described. The major products for the respective three stages were shown to possess cyclic morphologies by the molecular weight profiles and the residual ratios for the NOC bonds (φ in %). In particular, the high φ values ranging from ca. 80% to 98% were achieved for this cyclic alkoxyamine system. This result verifies the high availability of this system as a tool demonstrating the ring-expansion "vinyl" polymerization that allows them to produce macrocyclic polymers via a one-step vinyl polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Masatsugu Yamada
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Keigo Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Montaser Shaykoon Ahmed Shaykoon
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Enomoto
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Moriya Kikuchi
- Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Seigou Kawaguchi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
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