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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycosaminoglycan Mimetic Precision Glycomacromolecules with Sequence-Defined Sulfation and Rigidity Patterns. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4004-4014. [PMID: 35959886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS) are structurally diverse linear polysaccharides that are involved in many biological processes and have gained interest as antiviral compounds. Their recognition is driven by a complex orchestra of structural parameters that are still under intense investigation. One distinct characteristic is the incorporation of sulfation patterns including highly sulfated and non-sulfated sequences that provide variations in flexibility and conformation, which in turn impact the biological function of sGAGs. However, these distinct features have not yet been fully realized in the synthetic preparation of sGAG mimetics. Here, we present the synthesis of three groups of sulfated glycomacromolecules as sGAG mimetics: (i) globally sulfated glycooligomers, (ii) glycooligomers with sequence-defined sulfation patterns, and (iii) a globally sulfated glycooligomer-oligo-L-proline hybrid structure. The complete synthesis, including chemical sulfation, was conducted on solid support, enabled by the introduction of a commercially available photocleavable linker allowing for the preservation of sensitive sulfates during cleavage of the products. Structures were obtained in good purity and with high degrees of sulfation demonstrating the wide applicability of this methodology to prepare tailor-made sulfated glycomacromolecules and similar sGAG mimetics. Structures were tested for their anticoagulant properties showing activity similar to their natural HS counterpart and significantly lower than HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Liang X, Zhang A, Sun W, Lei J, Liu X, Tang Z, Chen H. Vascular cell behavior on glycocalyx-mimetic surfaces: Simultaneous mimicking of the chemical composition and topographical structure of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112337. [PMID: 35051794 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich layer overlying the outermost surface of endothelial cells. It mediates intercellular interactions by specific chemical compositions (e.g., proteoglycans containing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains) and micro/nanotopography. Inspired by the endothelial glycocalyx, we fabricated a series of glycocalyx-mimetic surfaces with tunable chemical compositions (GAG-like polymers with different functional units) and topographical structures (micro/nanopatterns with pillars different in size). The combination of micro/nanopatterns and GAG-like polymers was flexibly and precisely controlled by replica molding using silicon templates (Si templates) and visible light-initiated polymerization. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) were suppressed on surfaces modified with polymers of 2-methacrylamido glucopyranose (MAG) but promoted on surfaces modified with polymers of sodium 4-vinyl-benzenesulfonate (SS) and copolymers of SS and MAG. Surface micro/nanopatterns showed highly complicated effects on surfaces grafted with different GAG-like polymers. Moreover, the spread of HUVSMCs was highly promoted on all flat/patterned surfaces containing sulfonate units, and the elongation effect was stronger on surfaces with smaller pillars. On all the flat/patterned surfaces modified with GAG-like polymers, the adsorption of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was improved, and the amount of VEGF and bFGF absorbed on patterned surfaces containing sulfonate units decreased with pattern dimensions. The decreasing trend of VEGF and bFGF adsorption was in accordance with HUVEC density, suggesting that glycocalyx-mimetic surfaces influence the adsorption of VEGF and bFGF and further influence the growth behavior of vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Aiyang Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jiao Lei
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Zengchao Tang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Biosurf Biotech Company Ltd., Building 26, Dongjing Industrial Square, No. 1, Jintian Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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3
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Nakamoto M, Escalante T, Gutiérrez JM, Shea KJ. A Biomimetic of Endogenous Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases: Inhibition Mechanism and Contribution of Composition, Polymer Size, and Shape to the Inhibitory Effect. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5663-5670. [PMID: 34181420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic of endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was engineered by introducing three binding elements to a synthetic tetrapolymer. We evaluated the contribution of composition, size, and shape of the TIMP-mimicking polymers to the inhibition of BaP1, a P-I class snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP). Inhibition was achieved when the size of the linear polymer (LP) was comparable to or greater than that of the enzyme, indicating the efficacy requires binding to a significant portion of the enzyme surface in the vicinity of the active site. The efficacy of a low cross-linked polymer hydrogel nanoparticle (NP) of substantially greater molecular weight was comparable to that of the LPs despite differences in size and shape, an important finding for in vivo applications. The abiotic TIMP was effective against two classes of SVMPs in whole snake venom. The results can serve as a design principle for biomimetic polymer inhibitors of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - José M Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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4
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Kim H, Jeong JH, Fendereski M, Lee HS, Kang DY, Hur SS, Amirian J, Kim Y, Pham NT, Suh N, Hwang NSY, Ryu S, Yoon JK, Hwang Y. Heparin-Mimicking Polymer-Based In Vitro Platform Recapitulates In Vivo Muscle Atrophy Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052488. [PMID: 33801235 PMCID: PMC7957884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions between myoblasts and their extracellular microenvironment have been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of in vitro myogenic differentiation and in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study, by harnessing the heparin-mimicking polymer, poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), which has a negatively charged surface, we engineered an in vitro cell culture platform for the purpose of recapitulating in vivo muscle atrophy-like phenotypes. Our initial findings showed that heparin-mimicking moieties inhibited the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes, as indicated by the decreased gene and protein expression levels of myogenic factors, myotube fusion-related markers, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism via transcriptome analyses, observing that the insulin/PI3K/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways were significantly downregulated by heparin-mimicking moieties through the inhibition of FAK/Cav3. Taken together, the easy-to-adapt heparin-mimicking polymer-based in vitro cell culture platform could be an attractive platform for potential applications in drug screening, providing clear readouts of changes in insulin/PI3K/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbum Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Mona Fendereski
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Hyo-Shin Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Sung Sik Hur
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Jhaleh Amirian
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea;
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Nghia Thi Pham
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Nayoung Suh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nathaniel Suk-Yeon Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.Y.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5016 (J.K.Y.); +82-41-413-5017 (Y.H.)
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea; (H.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.F.); (H.-S.L.); (S.S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.T.P.); (S.R.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.Y.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5016 (J.K.Y.); +82-41-413-5017 (Y.H.)
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Sun W, Jin S, Zhang A, Huang J, Li Y, Liu X, Chen H. Vascular cell responses to silicone surfaces grafted with heparin-like polymers: surface chemical composition vs. topographic patterning. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9151-9161. [PMID: 32945818 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01000f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Heparin-like polymers are promising synthetic materials with biological functionalities, such as anticoagulant ability, growth factor binding to regulate cellular functions, and inflammation mediation, similar to heparin. The biocompatibility of heparin-like polymers with well-defined chemical structures has inspired many researchers to design heparin-like surfaces to explore their biological applications. The concept of the recombination of functional heparin structural units (sulfonate- and glyco-containing units) was proven to be successful in designing heparin-mimicking surfaces. However, besides surface structural units, topographic patterning is also an important contributor to the biological activity of the surfaces modified with heparin-like polymers. In this work, both surface structural units and topographic patterning were taken into account to investigate the vascular cell behaviors on the silicone surfaces. A facile method for the production of patterned bromine-containing polydimethylsiloxane surface (PDMS-Br) was developed from a one-step multicomponent thermocuring procedure and replica molding using a nanohole-arrayed silicon template. Different structural units of heparin-like polymers, i.e. homopolymer of sulfonate-containing sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (pSS), homopolymer of glyco-containing 2-(methacrylamido)glucopyranose (pMAG), and copolymers of MAG and SS (pSG), were then introduced on the flat and patterned PDMS-Br surface using visible light-induced graft polymerization. For the flat surfaces, compared with the PDMS-Br surface, pSS-grafted and pSG-grafted surfaces significantly increased cell densities of both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs), indicating that they are "vascular cell-friendly". In contrast, the pMAG-grafted surface showed decreased cell attachment of both HUVECs and HUVSMCs, indicating that the pMAG-grafted surface is "vascular cell-resistant". Moreover, surface topographic patterning enhanced the cell responses to the corresponding flat surfaces. That is to say, surface patterning can make the "vascular cell-friendly" surface still friendly, and the "vascular cell-resistant" surface much more resistant. The combination of surface structural units and topographic patterning shows promise in the preparation of new heparin-like surfaces with improved cell compatibility that is suitable for blood-compatible biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Jin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Aiyang Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jialei Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yuepeng Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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Nahain AA, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Sulfonated RAFT Copolymers as Heparin Mimetics: Synthesis, Reactivity Ratios, and Anticoagulant Activity. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000110. [PMID: 32627962 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan heparin is a clinically important anticoagulant drug, primarily used to reduce the risk of blood clots (thrombosis) during surgery. Despite its importance in medicine and its continuous use over many decades, heparin suffers from several limitations associated with its heterogeneity and its extraction from animal tissues. In order to address these limitations, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is utilized to prepare a library of heparin mimetic copolymers from the sulfonated monomers sodium 4-styrene sulfonate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl acrylate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate. Copolymers are prepared using combinations of two different monomers in various ratios. Monomer reactivity ratios are also determined for some representative monomer combinations, and all polymers are characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of the copolymers are determined by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin clotting time assays and structure-activity relationships are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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La CC, Takeuchi LE, Abbina S, Vappala S, Abbasi U, Kizhakkedathu JN. Targeting Biological Polyanions in Blood: Strategies toward the Design of Therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2595-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Yu F, Cheng S, Lei J, Hang Y, Liu Q, Wang H, Yuan L. Heparin mimics and fibroblast growth factor-2 fabricated nanogold composite in promoting neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1623-1647. [PMID: 32460635 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1767375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The replacement therapy or transplantation using neural cells, which differentiated from stem cells, has emerged as a promising strategy for repairing damaged neural tissues and helping functional recovery in the treatment of neural system diseases. The challenge, however, is how to control embryonic stem cell fate so that neural differentiation can be efficiently directed to enrich a neuron cell population, and meanwhile to maintain their bioactivities. This is a key question and has a very significant impact in regenerative medicine. Here we proposed a new neural-differentiation inductive nanocomposite, containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), poly(2-methacrylamido glucopyranose-co-3-sulfopropyl acrylate) (PMS), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), for the high efficient directional neural-specific differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). In this AuNP-PMS/FGF2 composite, PMS, playing as the high-active mimic of heparin/heparan sulfate (HS), is covalently anchored to AuNPs and bound with FGF2 on the surface of nanoparticles, forming a HS/FGF2 complex nanomimics to facilitate its binding to FGF receptor (FGFR) and promote high neural-inductive activity of mESCs. The stability, bioactivity and biocompatibility of the composite are investigated in this study. The results showed that the AuNP-PMS/FGF2 composite could maintain a long-term stability at room temperature for at least 8 days, and greatly promote the neural differentiation of mESCs. Compared with the other materials, the AuNP-PMS/FGF2 composite could significantly stimulate the expression of the specific neural differentiation markers (nestin and β3-tubulin), while obviously down-regulate the mRNA production of pluripotency marker Oct-4 in mESCs. Moreover, the promotion effect of the composite on neuronal maturation marker β3-tubulin expression achieved maximally at the low concentration of FGF2 (4 ng/mL), which suggested the high efficiency of AuNP-PMS/FGF2 composite in neural differentiation of mESCs. Meanwhile, both mESCs and L929 cells showed desirable growth during the incubation with AuNP-PMS/FGF2 composite. The AuNP-PMS/FGF2 system presents a new way to achieve HS/FGF2 complex nanomimics efficiently for the neural differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehua Lei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Hang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Engineered delivery strategies for enhanced control of growth factor activities in wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:190-208. [PMID: 29879493 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are versatile signalling molecules that orchestrate the dynamic, multi-stage process of wound healing. Delivery of exogenous GFs to the wound milieu to mediate healing in an active, physiologically-relevant manner has shown great promise in laboratories; however, the inherent instability of GFs, accompanied with numerous safety, efficacy and cost concerns, has hindered the clinical success of GF delivery. In this article, we highlight that the key to overcoming these challenges is to enhance the control of the activities of GFs throughout the delivering process. We summarise the recent strategies based on biomaterials matrices and molecular engineering, which aim to improve the conditions of GFs for delivery (at the 'supply' end of the delivery), increase the stability and functions of GFs in extracellular matrix (in transportation to target cells), as well as enhance the GFs/receptor interaction on the cell membrane (at the 'destination' end of the delivery). Many of these investigations have led to encouraging outcomes in various in vitro and in vivo regenerative models with considerable translational potential.
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10
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Bray C, Gurnani P, Mansfield EDH, Peltier R, Perrier S. Sulfonated Copolymers as Heparin-Mimicking Stabilizer of Fibroblast Growth Factor: Size, Architecture, and Monomer Distribution Effects. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:285-293. [PMID: 30543415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are involved in a wide range of biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In living organisms, the binding of FGF to its receptors are mediated through electrostatic interactions between FGF and naturally occurring heparin. Despite its prevalent use in medicine, heparin carries notable limitations; namely, its extraction from natural sources (expensive, low yield and extensive purification), viral contamination, and batch-to-batch heterogeneity. In this work a range of synthetic homopolymers and copolymers of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate were evaluated as potential FGF stabilizers. This was studied by measuring the proliferation of BaF3-FR1c cells, as a model assay, and the results will be compared with the natural stabilization and activation of FGF by heparin. This study explores the structure-activity relationship of these polysulfonated polymers with a focus on the effect of molecular weight, comonomer type, charge dispersion, and polymer architecture on protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bray
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Edward D H Mansfield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
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11
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Messina MS, Graefe CT, Chong P, Ebrahim OM, Pathuri RS, Bernier NA, Mills HA, Rheingold AL, Frontiera RR, Maynard HD, Spokoyny AM. Carborane RAFT agents as tunable and functional molecular probes for polymer materials. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carborane RAFT agents are introduced as tunable multi-purpose tools acting as 1H NMR spectroscopic handles, Raman probes, and recognition units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S. Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | - Paul Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Omar M. Ebrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Ramya S. Pathuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Nicholas A. Bernier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Harrison A. Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | | | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
- California NanoSystems Institute
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
- California NanoSystems Institute
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12
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Abstract
This review describes several general chemical approaches for the preparation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mimetic polymers based on different backbones and sidechains, and highlights the importance of these synthetic GAG-mimetic polymers in controlling key biofunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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13
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Gurnani P, Bray CP, Richardson RAE, Peltier R, Perrier S. Heparin-Mimicking Sulfonated Polymer Nanoparticles via RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800314. [PMID: 29999558 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heparin plays a significant role in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications, through stabilization of fibroblast growth factors (FGF). Risks associated with batch-to-batch variability and contamination from its biological sources have led to the development of synthetic, highly sulfonated polymers as promising heparin mimics. In this work, a systematic study of an aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of styrene from poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sodium sulfonate) (P(AMPS)) macro reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (macro-RAFT) agents produced a variety of spherical heparin-mimicking nanoparticles, which were further characterized with light scattering and electron microscopy techniques. None of the nanoparticles tested showed toxicity against mammalian cells; however, significant hemolytic activity was observed. Nonetheless, the heparin-mimicking nanoparticles outperformed both heparin and linear P(AMPS) in cellular proliferation assays, suggesting increased bFGF stabilization efficiencies, possibly due to the high density of sulfonated moieties at the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gurnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Caroline P Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert A E Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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14
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Zhang X, Dai Y. Recent development of brush polymers via polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)-based macromonomers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)-based macromonomers is a facile and versatile synthetic method to generate well-defined brush polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yu Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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15
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Chang MH, Hsiao YP, Hsu CY, Lai PS. Photo-Crosslinked Polymeric Matrix with Antimicrobial Functions for Excisional Wound Healing in Mice. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100791. [PMID: 30301173 PMCID: PMC6215132 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wound infection extends the duration of wound healing and also causes systemic infections such as sepsis, and, in severe cases, may lead to death. Early prevention of wound infection and its appropriate treatment are important. A photoreactive modified gelatin (GE-BTHE) was synthesized by gelatin and a conjugate formed from the 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Herein, we investigated the photocurable polymer solution (GE-BTHE mixture) containing GE-BTHE, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), chitosan, and methylene blue (MB), with antimicrobial functions and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy for wound dressing. This photocurable polymer solution was found to have fast film-forming property attributed to the photochemical reaction between GE-BTHE and PEGDA, as well as the antibacterial activity in vitro attributed to the ingredients of chitosan and MB. Our in vivo results also demonstrated that untreated wounds after 3 days had the same scab level as the GE-BTHE mixture-treated wounds after 20 s of irradiation, which indicates that the irradiated GE-BTHE mixture can be quickly transferred into artificial scabs to protect wounds from an infection that can serve as a convenient excisional wound dressing with antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, it has the potential to treat nonhealing wounds, deep burns, diabetic ulcers and a variety of mucosal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yen Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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16
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Preparation and evaluation of a self-anticlotting dialyzer via an interface crosslinking approach. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Li J, Liu F, Li T, Zhong Y, Lin H, He J. Enhanced hemocompatibility of flat and hollow fiber membranes via a heparin free surface crosslinking strategy. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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