1
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Qin KP, Herzog-Arbeitman A, Zou W, Chakraborty S, Kristufek SL, Husted KEL, Joly GD, Craig SL, Olsen BD, Johnson JA. Toughening and Imparting Deconstructability to 3D-Printed Glassy Thermosets with "Transferinker" Additives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406600. [PMID: 39258368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Thermoset toughness and deconstructability are often opposing features; simultaneously improving both without sacrificing other mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness and tensile strength) is difficult, but, if achieved, could enhance the usage lifetime and end-of-life options for these materials. Here, a strategy that addresses this challenge in the context of photopolymer resins commonly used for 3D printing of glassy, acrylic thermosets is introduced. It is shown that incorporating bis-acrylate "transferinkers," which are cross-linkers capable of undergoing degenerative chain transfer and new strand growth, as additives (5-25 mol%) into homemade or commercially available photopolymer resins leads to photopolymer thermosets with substantially improved tensile toughness and triggered chemical deconstructability with minimal impacts on Young's moduli, tensile strengths, and glass transition temperatures. These properties result from a transferinker-driven topological transition in network structure from the densely cross-linked long, heterogeneous primary strands of traditional photopolymer networks to more uniform, star-like networks with few dangling ends; the latter structure more effectively bear stress yet is also more easily depercolated via solvolysis. Thus, transferinkers represent a simple and effective strategy for improving the mechanical properties of photopolymer thermosets and providing a mechanism for their triggered deconstructability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Peter Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Abraham Herzog-Arbeitman
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Weizhong Zou
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | | | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Keith E L Husted
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guy D Joly
- 3 M Company, 3 M Center, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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2
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Feng H, Chen Z, Li L, Shao X, Fan W, Wang C, Song L, Matyjaszewski K, Pan X, Wang Z. Aerobic mechanochemical reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6179. [PMID: 39039089 PMCID: PMC11263483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer materials suffer mechano-oxidative deterioration or degradation in the presence of molecular oxygen and mechanical forces. In contrast, aerobic biological activities combined with mechanical stimulus promote tissue regeneration and repair in various organs. A synthetic approach in which molecular oxygen and mechanical energy synergistically initiate polymerization will afford similar robustness in polymeric materials. Herein, aerobic mechanochemical reversible-deactivation radical polymerization was developed by the design of an organic mechano-labile initiator which converts oxygen into activators in response to ball milling, enabling the reaction to proceed in the air with low-energy input, operative simplicity, and the avoidance of potentially harmful organic solvents. In addition, this approach not only complements the existing methods to access well-defined polymers but also has been successfully employed for the controlled polymerization of (meth)acrylates, styrenic monomers and solid acrylamides as well as the synthesis of polymer/perovskite hybrids without solvent at room temperature which are inaccessible by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenru Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lin Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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3
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Shamsipur M, Ghavidast A, Pashabadi A. Phototriggered structures: Latest advances in biomedical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2844-2876. [PMID: 37521863 PMCID: PMC10372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive control of the drug molecules accessibility is a key issue in improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Some studies have explored the spatiotemporal control by light as a peripheral stimulus. Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) have received interest in the past decade among biological researchers due to their capability the control drug release. To this end, a wide range of phototrigger molecular structures participated in the DDSs to serve additional efficiency and a high-conversion release of active fragments under light irradiation. Up to now, several categories of PTDDSs have been extended to upgrade the performance of controlled delivery of therapeutic agents based on well-known phototrigger molecular structures like o-nitrobenzyl, coumarinyl, anthracenyl, quinolinyl, o-hydroxycinnamate and hydroxyphenacyl, where either of one endows an exclusive feature and distinct mechanistic approach. This review conveys the design, photochemical properties and essential mechanism of the most important phototriggered structures for the release of single and dual (similar or different) active molecules that have the ability to quickly reason of the large variety of dynamic biological phenomena for biomedical applications like photo-regulated drug release, synergistic outcomes, real-time monitoring, and biocompatibility potential.
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4
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Yang Y, Huang L, Wu R, Niu Z, Fan W, Dai Q, Cui L, He J, Bai C. Self-Strengthening, Self-Welding, Shape Memory, and Recyclable Polybutadiene-Based Material Driven by Dual-Dynamic Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3344-3355. [PMID: 34989225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A covalent adaptable network can endow rubber materials with recyclability and reprocessability and is expected to alleviate black pollution caused by end-of-life rubber. However, the loss of traditional vulcanization systems severely sacrifices their strength, and the tensile strength in the current study rarely exceeds 10 MPa unless fillers are added. In this work, we proposed a self-strengthening process based on dual-dynamic units (imine and disulfide), briefly, under heating, phenylsulfur radicals generated from aromatic disulfide bonds can react with double bonds (mostly vinyl) and/or couple with allyl sites, thus reforming a stronger cross-linked network. The neighboring imine unit is not affected and provides excellent thermal reprocessability and chemical recyclability. The result shows that the tensile strength can reach 19.27 MPa via self-strengthening without adding fillers or any other additives, and this ultra-high-strength is much higher than those of all known recyclable polybutadiene-based rubber materials. In addition, the material also has malleability, shape memory, and self-welding properties. By doping carbon nanotubes, a recyclable conductive composite can also be achieved. In general, we envision that this enhanced strategy has great potential to be generalized for all elastomers containing double bonds (such as styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, isoprene rubber, and their derivatives). The reprocessability and self-welding are practical for on-site assembly or repair of composite parts and extend the service life of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Long Cui
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jianyun He
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and Its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Wang T, Wang H, Shen L, Zhang N. Force-induced strengthening of a mechanochromic polymer based on a naphthalene-fused cyclobutane mechanophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12675-12678. [PMID: 34779466 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a force-induced strengthening of a mechanochromic polymer based on a naphthalene-fused cyclobutane mechanophore (NCD). Our results revealed that mechanically induced retro-cycloaddition of the NCD and subsequent crosslinking reactions between CC bonds were responsible for this peculiar strenghthening, and demonstrated the good possibility that the NCD can be applied in smart materials fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing, 211167, P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, P. R. China.
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, Nanjing, 211167, P. R. China
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6
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Tan M, Hu Z, Dai Y, Peng Y, Zhou Y, Shi Y, Li Y, Chen Y. A Simple Mechanochromic Mechanophore Based on Aminothiomaleimide. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1423-1428. [PMID: 35549011 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromic mechanophores have promising applications in stress sensing and damage detection. Here we report a simple mechanofluorochromic mechanophore based on aminothiomaleimide (ATM). Poly(methyl acrylate) containing this mechanophore (ATM-PMA) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using an ATM-derived difunctional initiator. To investigate its mechanofluorochromism, the solution of ATM-PMA was subjected to ultrasonication, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to monitor the changes in molecular weight and fluorescence emission. The results showed that the molecular weight of ATM-PMA decreased upon ultrasonication, accompanied by a shift of fluorescence emission from bright yellow to light blue. This mechanophore of a simple functional group of ATM has great potential to be used in mechanochromic polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhitao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunkai Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Cha Y, Zhu T, Sha Y, Lin H, Hwang J, Seraydarian M, Craig SL, Tang C. Mechanochemistry of Cationic Cobaltocenium Mechanophore. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11871-11878. [PMID: 34283587 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on the mechanochemistry of metallocene mechanophores has shed light on the force-responsiveness of these thermally and chemically stable organometallic compounds. In this work, we report a combination of experimental and computational studies on the mechanochemistry of main-chain cobaltocenium-containing polymers. Ester derivatives of the cationic cobaltocenium, though isoelectronic to neutral ferrocene, are unstable in the nonmechanical control experimental conditions that were accommodated by their ferrocene analogs. Replacing the electron withdrawing C-ester linkages with electron-donating C-alkyls conferred the necessary stability and enabled the mechanochemistry of the cobaltocenium to be assessed. Despite their high bond dissociation energy, cobaltocenium mechanophores are found to be selective sites of main chain scission under sonomechanical activation. Computational CoGEF calculations suggest that the presence of a counterion to cobaltocenium plays a vital role by promoting a peeling mechanism of dissociation in conjunction with the initial slipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Huina Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - JiHyeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Matthew Seraydarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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8
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Seshimo K, Sakai H, Watabe T, Aoki D, Sugita H, Mikami K, Mao Y, Ishigami A, Nishitsuji S, Kurose T, Ito H, Otsuka H. Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers with Mechanochromic and Self‐Strengthening Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Seshimo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hio Sakai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Takuma Watabe
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hajime Sugita
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
| | - Koichiro Mikami
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
| | - Yuchen Mao
- Research Center for GREEN Materials and Advanced Processing Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Akira Ishigami
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Shotaro Nishitsuji
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Kurose
- Research Center for GREEN Materials and Advanced Processing Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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9
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Seshimo K, Sakai H, Watabe T, Aoki D, Sugita H, Mikami K, Mao Y, Ishigami A, Nishitsuji S, Kurose T, Ito H, Otsuka H. Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers with Mechanochromic and Self-Strengthening Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8406-8409. [PMID: 33417288 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromic elastomers that exhibit force-induced cross-linking reactions in the bulk state are introduced. The synthesis of segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) that contain difluorenylsuccinonitrile (DFSN) moieties in the main chain and methacryloyl groups in the side chains was carried out. DFSN was selected as the mechanophore because it dissociates under mechanical stimuli to form pink cyanofluorene (CF) radicals, which can also initiate the radical polymerization of methacrylate monomers. The obtained elastomers generated CF radicals and changed color by compression or extension; they also became insoluble due to the mechanically induced cross-linking reactions. Additionally, an SPU containing diphenylmethane units also exhibited highly sensitive mechanofluorescence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate damage detection ability and changes in the mechanical properties of bulk elastomers induced by simple compression or extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Seshimo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hio Sakai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takuma Watabe
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hajime Sugita
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan
| | - Koichiro Mikami
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan
| | - Yuchen Mao
- Research Center for GREEN Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Ishigami
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nishitsuji
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurose
- Research Center for GREEN Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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10
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Watabe T, Aoki D, Otsuka H. Enhancement of Mechanophore Activation in Mechanochromic Dendrimers by Functionalization of Their Surface. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Watabe
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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11
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Xu P, Tian Y, Wang C, Xiang S, Boulatov R, Weng W. A Mechanochemical Reaction Cascade for Controlling Load-Strengthening of a Mechanochromic Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21980-21985. [PMID: 32827332 PMCID: PMC7756483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an intermolecular reaction cascade to control the force which triggers crosslinking of a mechanochromic polymer of spirothiopyran (STP). Mechanochromism arises from rapid reversible force-sensitive isomerization of STP to a merocyanine, which reacts rapidly with activated C=C bonds. The concentration of such bonds, and hence the crosslinking rate, is controlled by force-dependent dissociation of a Diels-Alder adduct of anthracene and maleimide. Because the adduct requires ca. 1 nN higher force to dissociate at the same rate as that of STP isomerization, the cascade limits crosslinking to overstressed regions of the material, which are at the highest rate of material damage. Using comb polymers decreased the minimum concentration of mechanophores required to crosslinking by about 100-fold compared to previous examples of load-strengthening materials. The approach described has potential for controlling a broad range of reaction sequences triggered by mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Pan
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University422 South Siming RoadXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University422 South Siming RoadXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
| | - Piaoxue Xu
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University422 South Siming RoadXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool and Donnan LabG31, Crown St.LiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool and Donnan LabG31, Crown St.LiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Shishuai Xiang
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University422 South Siming RoadXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool and Donnan LabG31, Crown St.LiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Wengui Weng
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University422 South Siming RoadXiamenFujian361005P. R. China
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12
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Xu P, Tian Y, Wang C, Xiang S, Boulatov R, Weng W. A Mechanochemical Reaction Cascade for Controlling Load‐Strengthening of a Mechanochromic Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Pan
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 South Siming Road Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 South Siming Road Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Piaoxue Xu
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 South Siming Road Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool and Donnan Lab G31, Crown St. Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool and Donnan Lab G31, Crown St. Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Shishuai Xiang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 South Siming Road Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool and Donnan Lab G31, Crown St. Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Wengui Weng
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 South Siming Road Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
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13
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Klein IM, Husic CC, Kovács DP, Choquette NJ, Robb MJ. Validation of the CoGEF Method as a Predictive Tool for Polymer Mechanochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16364-16381. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Klein
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Corey C. Husic
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dávid P. Kovács
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicolas J. Choquette
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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14
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Schwartz JJ, Behrou R, Cao B, Bassford M, Mendible A, Shaeffer C, Boydston AJ, Boechler N. Reduced strain mechanochemical activation onset in microstructured materials. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that mechanochemical activation in responsive materials with designed, periodic microstructures can be achieved at lower applied strains than their bulk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Reza Behrou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Morgan Bassford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Ariana Mendible
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Courtney Shaeffer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Nicholas Boechler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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15
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Lin Y, Hansen HR, Brittain WJ, Craig SL. Strain-Dependent Kinetics in the Cis-to-Trans Isomerization of Azobenzene in Bulk Elastomers. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8492-8498. [PMID: 31525921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cis-to-trans isomerization of azobenzene is accelerated in a bulk PDMS elastomer under uniaxial tension. The kinetics are cleanly described by a single-exponential first-order process (k = 2.7 × 10-5 s-1) in the absence of tension but become multiexponential under constant strains of 40-90%. The complex kinetics can be reasonably modeled as a two-component process. The majority (∼92%) process is slower and occurs with a rate constant that is similar to that of the unstrained system (k = 2.3-2.7 × 10-5 s-1), whereas the rate constant of the minority (∼8%) process increases from k = 10.1 × 10-5 s-1 at 40% strain to k = 21.3 × 10-5 s-1 at 90% strain. Simple models of expected force-rate relationships suggest that the average force of tension per strand in the minority component ranges from 28 to 44 pN across strains of 40-90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Heather R Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas State University , San Marcos , Texas 78666 , United States
| | - William J Brittain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas State University , San Marcos , Texas 78666 , United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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16
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Kabb CP, O'Bryan CS, Morley CD, Angelini TE, Sumerlin BS. Anthracene-based mechanophores for compression-activated fluorescence in polymeric networks. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7702-7708. [PMID: 31588318 PMCID: PMC6764261 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent attention given to functionalities that respond to mechanical force has led to a deeper understanding of force transduction and mechanical wear in polymeric materials. Furthermore, polymers have been carefully designed such that activation of "mechanophores" leads to productive outputs, such as material reinforcement or changes in optical properties. In this work, a crosslinker containing an anthracene-maleimide linkage was designed and used to prepare networks that display a fluorescence response when damaged. The pressure-dependent damage of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) networks was monitored using solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy, with increasing compressive forces leading to higher degrees of mechanophore activation. When a stamp was used to compress the networks, only the areas in contact with the raised portion of the stamp underwent mechanophore activation, resulting in the generation of patterns that were only visible under UV light. Finally, an isomeric "flex" mechanophore was designed and used to prepare networks that were compressed and compared to the previously described networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Kabb
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory , Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering , Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - Christopher S O'Bryan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
| | - Cameron D Morley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
- Institute for Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory , Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering , Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
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17
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Hannewald N, Enke M, Nischang I, Zechel S, Hager MD, Schubert US. Mechanical Activation of Terpyridine Metal Complexes in Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Peterson GI, Bang KT, Choi TL. Mechanochemical Degradation of Denpols: Synthesis and Ultrasound-Induced Chain Scission of Polyphenylene-Based Dendronized Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8599-8608. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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