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Higuchi Y, Ishimaru H, Yoshikawa T, Masuda T, Sakamoto C, Kamimura N, Masai E, Takeuchi D, Sonoki T. Successful selective production of vanillic acid from depolymerized sulfite lignin and its application to poly(ethylene vanillate) synthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129450. [PMID: 37406831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Towards lignin upgrading, vanillic acid (VA), a lignin-derived guaiacyl compound, was produced from sulfite lignin for successfully synthesizing poly(ethylene vanillate), an aromatic polymer. The engineered Sphingobium sp. SYK-6-based strain in which the genes responsible for VA/3-O-methyl gallic acid O-demethylase and syringic acid O-demethylase were disrupted was able to produce vanillic acid (VA) from the mixture consisting of acetovanillone, vanillin, VA, and other low-molecular-weight aromatics obtained by Cu(OH)2-catalyzed alkaline depolymerization of sulfite lignin and membrane fractionation. From the bio-based VA, methyl-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoate was synthesized via methylesterification, hydroxyethylation, and distillation, and then it was subjected to polymerization catalyzed by titanium tetraisopropoxide. The molecular weight of the obtained poly(ethylene vanillate) was evaluated to be Mw = 13,000 (Mw/Mn = 1.99) and its melting point was 261°C. The present work proved that poly(ethylene vanillate) is able to be synthesized using VA produced from lignin for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Higuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ishimaru
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takao Masuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Chiho Sakamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sonoki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
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Storani A, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA. Insights to improve the activity of glycosyl phosphorylases from Ruminococcus albus 8 with cello-oligosaccharides. Front Chem 2023; 11:1176537. [PMID: 37090251 PMCID: PMC10119399 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1176537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphorolysis of cello-oligosaccharides is a critical process played in the rumen by Ruminococcus albus to degrade cellulose. Cellodextrins, made up of a few glucosyl units, have gained lots of interest by their potential applications. Here, we characterized a cellobiose phosphorylase (RalCBP) and a cellodextrin phosphorylase (RalCDP) from R. albus 8. This latter was further analyzed in detail by constructing a truncated mutant (Ral∆N63CDP) lacking the N-terminal domain and a chimeric protein by fusing a CBM (RalCDP-CBM37). RalCBP showed a typical behavior with high activity on cellobiose. Instead, RalCDP extended its activity to longer soluble or insoluble cello-oligosaccharides. The catalytic efficiency of RalCDP was higher with cellotetraose and cellopentaose as substrates for both reaction directions. Concerning properties of Ral∆N63CDP, results support roles for the N-terminal domain in the conformation of the homo-dimer and conferring the enzyme the capacity to catalyze the phosphorolytic reaction. This mutant exhibited reduced affinity toward phosphate and increased to glucose-1-phosphate. Further, the CBM37 module showed functionality when fused to RalCDP, as RalCDP-CBM37 exhibited an enhanced ability to use insoluble cellulosic substrates. Data obtained from this enzyme's binding parameters to cellulosic polysaccharides agree with the kinetic results. Besides, studies of synthesis and phosphorolysis of cello-saccharides at long-time reactions served to identify the utility of these enzymes. While RalCDP produces a mixture of cello-oligosaccharides (from cellotriose to longer oligosaccharides), the impaired phosphorolytic activity makes Ral∆N63CDP lead mainly toward the synthesis of cellotetraose. On the other hand, RalCDP-CBM37 remarks on the utility of obtaining glucose-1-phosphate from cellulosic compounds.
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Seithümmer J, Öztürk M, Wunschik DS, Prießen J, Schultz HJ, Dornbusch M, Gutmann JS, Hoffmann-Jacobsen K. Enzymatic synthesis of novel aromatic-aliphatic polyesters with increased hydroxyl group density. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100452. [PMID: 35233978 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyesters with pendant hydroxyl groups are attractive materials which offer additional functionalization points in the polymer chain. In contrast to chemical polycondensation, lipase regioselectivity enables the synthesis of these materials as certain hydroxyl groups remain unaffected during the enzymatic process. METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS In this study, a combination of synthesis development and reactor design was used for the enzymatic synthesis of an aliphatic-aromatic polyester with two different classes of pendant hydroxyl groups. Using 2,6-bishydroxy(methyl)-p-cresol as diol in lipase catalyzed polycondensation with adipic acid required the addition of hexane diol as third monomer for polycondensation to take place. Reaction conditions were explored in order to identify the preferred reaction conditions for the incorporation of the aromatic diol and the enhancement of the hydroxyl group density. Post-polymerization with glycerol at low temperature integrated additional aliphatic hydroxyl groups, reduced the polydispersity and increased the end group functionality. CONCLUSION A new material with aromatic building blocks and boosted polymer chain reactivity was obtained, which is suggested to find application in various areas of material development from coatings to adhesives. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Seithümmer
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Melda Öztürk
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany
| | - Dennis S Wunschik
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany.,Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, Krefeld, 47798, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Joscha Prießen
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany
| | - Heyko J Schultz
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany
| | - Michael Dornbusch
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, Krefeld, 47798, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoffmann-Jacobsen
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Chemistry Department and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 32, Krefeld, 47798, Germany
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4
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Polyamide via Condensation of Natural Source Amino Acid Diesters and Diamine. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Milescu RA, Zhenova A, Vastano M, Gammons R, Lin S, Lau CH, Clark JH, McElroy CR, Pellis A. Polymer Chemistry Applications of Cyrene and its Derivative Cygnet 0.0 as Safer Replacements for Polar Aprotic Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3367-3381. [PMID: 34219405 PMCID: PMC8457101 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a binary solvent system composed of biobased Cyrene and its derivative Cygnet 0.0 for application in membrane technology and in biocatalytic synthesis of polyesters. Cygnet-Cyrene blends could represent viable replacements for toxic polar aprotic solvents. The use of a 50 wt % Cygnet-Cyrene mixture makes a practical difference in the production of flat sheet membranes by nonsolvent-induced phase separation. New polymeric membranes from cellulose acetate, polysulfone, and polyimide are manufactured by using Cyrene, Cygnet 0.0, and their blend. The resultant membranes have different morphology when the solvent/mixture and temperature of the casting solution change. Moreover, Cyrene, Cygnet 0.0, and Cygnet-Cyrene are also explored for substituting diphenyl ether for the biocatalytic synthesis of polyesters. The results indicate that Cygnet 0.0 is a very promising candidate for the enzymatic synthesis of high molecular weight polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana A. Milescu
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Zhenova
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
- Green Rose, The CatalystBaird Lane, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5GAUnited Kingdom
| | - Marco Vastano
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Gammons
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Shiliang Lin
- School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghRobert Stevenson RoadEdinburghEH9 3JLUnited Kingdom
| | - Cher Hon Lau
- School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghRobert Stevenson RoadEdinburghEH9 3JLUnited Kingdom
| | - James H. Clark
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Con R. McElroy
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUnited Kingdom
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430Tulln an der DonauAustria
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6
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Muconic Acid-Based Polymers: Trans, Trans-Dimethyl Muconate and Trans, β-Dimethyl Hydromuconate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152498. [PMID: 34372101 PMCID: PMC8347093 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of commodity polymers are acquired from petrochemical feedstock, and these resources will plausibly be depleted within the next 100 years. Therefore, the utilization of carbon-neutral renewable resources for the production of polymers is crucial in modern green chemistry. Herein, we report an eco-friendly strategy that uses enzyme catalysis to design biobased unsaturated (co)polyesters from muconic acid derivatives. This method is an attractive pathway for the production of well-defined unsaturated polyesters with minimum side reactions. A suite of characterization techniques was performed to probe the reaction mechanism and properties of the obtained polyesters. It is rationalized that the alkene functionality of the muconate monomers plays an important role in the enzyme catalysis mechanism. The rendered polyesters possessed excellent thermal stabilities and unreacted alkene functionality that can consecutively undergo chain extension, copolymerization, or act as an anchor for other functional groups. These properties open new avenues in the fields of unsaturated polyester resins and photosensitive coatings.
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7
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Skoczinski P, Espinoza Cangahuala MK, Maniar D, Loos K. Enzymatic transesterification of urethane-bond containing ester. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHere we demonstrate the feasibility and successful application of enzymes in polyurethane network synthesis as well as occurring hurdles that have to be addressed when using urethanes synthesis substrates. The enzymatic transesterification of an urethane-bond containing monofunctional ester and a model alcohol carbitol using lipases is discussed. The reaction is optimized in terms of transesterification time and temperature, the reaction solvent, the possibility of a cosolvent and the alcohol amount, the used transesterification environment, and the biocatalyst. Enzymatic cross-linking of polyurethanes can open up a pool of new possibilities for cross-linking and related polyurethane network properties due to the enzymes high enantio-, stereo-, and regioselectivity and broad substrate spectrum.
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8
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(alkylene succinate)s: Influence of Reaction Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of lipases (preferentially Candida antarctica Lipase B, CALB) for melt polycondensation of aliphatic polyesters by transesterification of activated dicarboxylic acids with diols allows to displace toxic metal and metal oxide catalysts. Immobilization of the enzyme enhances the activity and the temperature range of use. The possibility to use enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation in melt is studied and compared to results of polycondensations in solution. The experiments show that CALB successfully catalyzes polycondensation of both, divinyladipate and dimethylsuccinate, respectively, with 1,4-butanediol. NMR spectroscopy, relative molar masses obtained by size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF MS and wide-angle X-ray scattering are employed to compare the influence of synthesis conditions for poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). It is shown that the enzymatic activity of immobilized CALB deviates and influences the molar mass. CALB-catalyzed polycondensation of PBA in solution for 24 h at 70 °C achieves molar masses of up to Mw~60,000 g/mol, higher than reported previously and comparable to conventional PBA, while melt polycondensation resulted in a moderate decrease of molar mass to Mw~31,000. Enzymatically catalyzed melt polycondensation of PBS yields Mw~23,400 g/mol vs. Mw~40,000 g/mol with titanium(IV)n-butoxide. Melt polycondensation with enzyme catalysis allows to reduce the reaction time from days to 3–4 h.
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9
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Zhang Y, Xia B, Li Y, Lin X, Wu Q. Substrate Engineering in Lipase-Catalyzed Selective Polymerization of d-/l-Aspartates and Diols to Prepare Helical Chiral Polyester. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:918-926. [PMID: 33427463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of optically pure polymers is one of the most challenging tasks in polymer chemistry. Herein, Novozym 435 (Lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600)-catalyzed polycondensation between d-/l-aspartic acid (Asp) diester and diols for the preparation of helical chiral polyesters was reported. Compared with d-Asp diesters, the fast-reacting l-Asp diesters easily reacted with diols to provide a series of chiral polyesters containing N-substitutional l-Asp repeating units. Besides amino acid configuration, N-substituent side chains and the chain length of diols were also investigated and optimized. It was found that bulky acyl N-substitutional groups like N-Boc and N-Cbz were more favorable for this polymerization than small ones probably due to competitively binding of these small acyl groups into the active site of Novozym 435. The highest molecular weight can reach up to 39.5 × 103 g/mol (Mw, Đ = 1.64). Moreover, the slow-reacting d-Asp diesters were also successfully polymerized by modifying the substrate structure to create a "nonchiral" condensation environment artificially. These enantiocomplementary chiral polyesters are thermally stable and have specific helical structures, which was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xia
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Maniar D, Fodor C, Adi IK, Woortman AJJ, Dijken J, Loos K. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of muconic acid‐based unsaturated polymer systems. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Fodor
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Indra Karno Adi
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Analytical Chemistry Research Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia
- Current address: Dexa Development Centre Kawasan Industri Jababeka II Bekasi Indonesia
| | - Albert JJ Woortman
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jur Dijken
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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11
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Enzymatic Polycondensation of 1,6-Hexanediol and Diethyl Adipate: A Statistical Approach Predicting the Key-Parameters in Solution and in Bulk. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091907. [PMID: 32847050 PMCID: PMC7565462 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various catalysts that can be used for polycondensation reactions, enzymes have been gaining interest for three decades, offering a green and eco-friendly platform towards the sustainable design of renewable polyesters. However, limitations imposed by their delicate nature, render them less addressed. As a case study, we compare herein bulk and solution polycondensation of 1,6-hexanediol and diethyl adipate catalyzed by an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica. The influence of various parameters including time, temperature, enzyme loading, and vacuum was assessed in the frame of a two-step polymerization with the help of response surface methodology, a statistical technique that investigates relations between input and output variables. Results in solution (diphenyl ether) and bulk conditions showed that a two-hour reaction time was enough to allow adequate oligomer growth for the first step conducted under atmospheric pressure at 100 °C. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) achieved varied between 5000 and 12,000 g·mol-1 after a 24 h reaction and up to 18,500 g∙mol-1 after 48 h. The statistical analysis showed that vacuum was the most influential factor affecting the Mn in diphenyl ether. In sharp contrast, enzyme loading was found to be the most influential parameter in bulk conditions. Recyclability in bulk conditions showed a constant Mn of the polyester over three cycles, while a 17% decrease was noticed in solution. The following work finally introduced a statistical approach that can adequately predict the Mn of poly(hexylene adipate) based on the choice of parameter levels, providing a handy tool in the synthesis of polyesters where the control of molecular weight is of importance.
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12
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Lie Y, Pellis A, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Sampedro D, Macquarrie DJ, Farmer TJ. Work-hardening Photopolymer from Renewable Photoactive 3,3'-(2,5-Furandiyl)bisacrylic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4140-4150. [PMID: 32663375 PMCID: PMC7496517 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of a photopolymer around a renewable furan-derived chromophore is presented herein. An optimised semi-continuous oxidation method using MnO2 affords 2,5-diformylfuran from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural in gram quantities, allowing the subsequent synthesis of 3,3'-(2,5-furandiyl)bisacrylic acid in good yield and excellent stereoselectivity. The photoactivity of the diester of this monomer is confirmed by reaction under UV irradiation, and the proposed [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism supported further by TD-DFT calculations. Oligoesters of the photoreactive furan diacid with various aliphatic diols are prepared via chemo- and enzyme-catalysed polycondensation. The latter enzyme-catalysed (Candida antarctica lipase B) method results in the highest Mn (3.6 kDa), suggesting milder conditions employed with this protocol minimised unwanted side reactions, including untimely [2+2] cycloadditions, whilst preserving the monomer's photoactivity and stereoisomerism. The photoreactive polyester is solvent cast into a film where subsequent initiator-free UV curing leads to an impressive increase in the material stiffness, with work-hardening characteristics observed during tensile strength testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lie
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaDepartment of AgrobiotechnologyInstitute of Environmental BiotechnologyKonrad Lorenz Strasse 203430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | | | - Diego Sampedro
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ)Universidad de La RiojaMadre de Dios 53E-26006LogroñoLa RiojaSpain
| | - Duncan J. Macquarrie
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Thomas J. Farmer
- The University of YorkDepartment of ChemistryGreen Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceYO10 5DDHeslingtonYorkUK
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13
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Wu WX, Li J, Yang XL, Wang N, Yu XQ. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of renewable acid-degradable poly(β-thioether ester) and poly(β-thioether ester-co-ricinoleic acid) copolymers derived from castor oil. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Xu W, Xu J, Lin X, Wu Q. Dual-Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiocomplementary Polyesters. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1432-1436. [PMID: 35651193 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a series of enantiocomplementary polyesters with either (S)- or (R)-configurations were successfully prepared by applying a dual-enzyme biocatalytic system. In the step of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 (CHMOAcineto) was engineered rationally to tailor the enantiopreference of mutants, providing (S)- and (R)-lactones, respectively, with high optical purities (up to 99% ee) as polymeric precursors. By subsequent enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of the enantiopure monomers, enantiocomplementary polyesters with high molecular weight (up to 21.8 kDa Mn) were synthesized by lipase CALB/MML. Our research offers an environmentally friendly synthesis route for the production of optically pure lactones and chiral polyesters, which are of particular significance for their application in organic syntheis or biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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Stereoselectivity-tailored chemo-enzymatic synthesis of enantiocomplementary poly (ω-substituted-δ-valerolactone) enabled by engineered lipase. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Azis Adharis
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Xia B, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Lin X, Wu Q. Enzymatic Synthesis and Stereocomplex Formation of Chiral Polyester Containing Long-Chain Aliphatic Alcohol Backbone. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3584-3591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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Pellis A, Comerford JW, Weinberger S, Guebitz GM, Clark JH, Farmer TJ. Enzymatic synthesis of lignin derivable pyridine based polyesters for the substitution of petroleum derived plastics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1762. [PMID: 30992443 PMCID: PMC6467960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following concerns over increasing global plastic pollution, interest in the production and characterization of bio-based and biodegradable alternatives is rising. In the present work, the synthesis of a series of fully bio-based alternatives based on 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid-derived polymers produced via enzymatic catalysis are reported. A similar series of aromatic-aliphatic polyesters based on diethyl-2,5-furandicarboxylate and of the petroleum-based diethyl terephthalate and diethyl isophthalate were also synthesized. Here we show that the enzymatic synthesis starting from 2,4-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylate leads to the best polymers in terms of molecular weights (Mn = 14.3 and Mw of 32.1 kDa when combined with 1,8-octanediol) when polymerized in diphenyl ether. Polymerization in solventless conditions were also successful leading to the synthesis of bio-based oligoesters that can be further functionalized. DSC analysis show a clear similarity in the thermal behavior between 2,4-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylate and diethyl isophthalate (amorphous polymers) and between 2,5-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylate and diethyl terephthalate (crystalline polymers). The increasing concern of global plastic pollution has led to an increase in the production and characterization of bio-based and biodegradable alternatives. Here the authors show the synthesis of a series of fully bio-based alternatives based on 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6- pyridinedicarboxylic acids, via enzymatic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- The University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK.
| | - James W Comerford
- The University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Simone Weinberger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - James H Clark
- The University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Thomas J Farmer
- The University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD, Heslington, York, UK
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19
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Pellis A, Byrne FP, Sherwood J, Vastano M, Comerford JW, Farmer TJ. Safer bio-based solvents to replace toluene and tetrahydrofuran for the biocatalyzed synthesis of polyesters. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2019; 21:1686-1694. [PMID: 31303861 PMCID: PMC6592162 DOI: 10.1039/c8gc03567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With increased awareness of environmental issues caused by traditional petrochemical processes, both academia and industry are making enormous efforts towards the development of sustainable practices using renewable biomass as a feedstock. In this work, the biocatalyzed synthesis of polyesters derived from renewable monomers was performed in safer, bio-derivable organic solvents. Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB), an enzyme belonging to the Ser-hydrolase family (adsorbed on methacrylic resin, also known as Novozym 435) was tested for its performance in the synthesis of adipate- and furandicarboxylate-based polyesters. In addition, the traditional solvents toluene and tetrahydrofuran were compared with a series of green solvents, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran and pinacolone for the enzymatic polymerizations. We can conclude that the monomer conversions and molecular masses of the obtained polyesters in all the tested alternative solvents were suitable, and in some cases superior, with CaLB immobilized via physisorption on acrylic resin being the optimal biocatalyst for all reactions. Strikingly, it was found that for the majority of the new solvents, lower reaction temperatures gave comparable monomer conversions and polymers with similar molecular weights whilst pinacolone yielded better polymers with M n > 2000 Da and conversions of over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- University of York , Department of Chemistry , Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK . ; ;
| | - Fergal P Byrne
- University of York , Department of Chemistry , Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK . ; ;
| | - James Sherwood
- University of York , Department of Chemistry , Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK . ; ;
| | - Marco Vastano
- University of York , Department of Chemistry , Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK . ; ;
| | - James W Comerford
- University of York , Department of Chemistry , Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK . ; ;
| | - Thomas J Farmer
- University of York , Department of Chemistry , Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK . ; ;
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Synthetic Methodologies for Chelating Polymer Ligands: Recent Advances and Future Development. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of MetallopolymersThe Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of ChemistrySouthern Federal University B. Sadovaya str. 105/42, Rostov-on-Don 344006 Russian Federation
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21
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Environmentally friendly pathways towards the synthesis of vinyl-based oligocelluloses. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 193:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Wu ZF, Zhang G, Yan GM, Lu JH, Yang J. Aromatic polyesters containing different content of Thioether and methyl units: facile synthesis and properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Xia B, Lin X, Wu Q. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of chiral poly(ester amide)s with an alternating sequence of hydroxy acid and l/d-aspartate units. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alternating poly(hydroxyhexanoic acid-alt-l/d-β-aspartate)s with α-benzyl or α-methyl ester side groups were prepared via the enzymatic polycondensation of N-(6-hydroxyhexanoyl) l/d-aspartate diesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yujing Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Xia
- Department of Biological Environment
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University
- Zhuji 311800
- P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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