1
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Stewart KA, Lessard JJ, Cantor AJ, Rynk JF, Bailey LS, Sumerlin BS. High-performance polyimine vitrimers from an aromatic bio-based scaffold. RSC APPLIED POLYMERS 2023; 1:10-18. [PMID: 38013907 PMCID: PMC10540462 DOI: 10.1039/d3lp00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based vitrimers represent a promising class of thermosetting polymer materials, pairing the recyclability of dynamic covalent networks with the renewability of non-fossil fuel feedstocks. Vanillin, a low-cost lignin derivative, enables facile construction of polyimine networks marked by rapid exchange and sensitivity to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Furthermore, the aromatic structure makes it a promising candidate for the design of highly aromatic networks capable of high-performance thermal and dimensional stability. Such properties are paramount in polymeric thermal protection systems. Here, we report on the fabrication of polyimine networks with particularly high aromatic content from a novel trifunctional vanillin monomer prepared from the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of perfluoropyridine (PFP) on a multi-gram scale (>20 g) in high yield (86%). The trifunctional aromatic scaffold was then crosslinked with various diamines to demonstrate tunable viscoelastic behavior and thermal properties, with glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 9 to 147 °C, degradation temperatures (5% mass loss) up to approximately 370 °C, and excellent char yields up to 68% at 650 °C under nitrogen. Moreover, the vitrimers displayed mechanical reprocessability over five destruction/healing cycles and rapid chemical recyclability following acidic hydrolysis at mild temperatures. Our findings indicate that vitrimers possessing tunable properties and high-performance thermomechanical behavior can be easily constructed from vanillin and electrophilic aromatic scaffolds for applications in heat-shielding materials and ablative coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Stewart
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Jacob J Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Alexander J Cantor
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - John F Rynk
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
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2
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Bui TT, Nguyen TH, Tran HL, Tran CD, Le DT, Dao DN, Nguyen TPL, Nguyen LT, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen TQ, Cu ST, Hoang MH, Yokozawa T, Nguyen HT. Synthesis of rod–coil conjugated diblock copolymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl]oxy)ethyl methacrylate) and click chemistry. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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3
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Lee HW, Lee NJ, Kim JG. Sequential Post-Polymerization Modification of Aldehyde Polymers to Ketone and Oxime Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100478. [PMID: 34519386 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new sequential post-polymerization modification route has been developed for the synthesis of multifunctional polymers from a simple aldehyde polymer. In the first modification step, a template polymer derived from the radical polymerization of 4-vinyl benzaldehyde undergoes Rh-catalyzed hydroacylation with alkenes to furnish a group of ketone polymers. In the second modification step, Schiff base formation with alkoxy ammonium salts introduces a second group-an oxime functionality. Both the steps are highly efficient, introducing evenly distributed dual functionalities at the same position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54986, Republic of Korea
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4
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Eom T, Khan A. Polyselenonium salts: synthesis through sequential selenium-epoxy 'click' chemistry and Se-alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14271-14274. [PMID: 33124621 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the help of amphiphilic homopolymers, this work explores three new avenues in polymer chemistry: (i) the 'click' nature of the selenium-epoxy reaction, (ii) alkylation of the seleno-ethers as a means to prepare cationic polyelectrolytes, and (iii) the antibacterial activity of polyselenonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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5
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Moreno A, Jiménez-Alesanco A, Ronda JC, Cádiz V, Galià M, Percec V, Abian O, Lligadas G. Dual Biochemically Breakable Drug Carriers from Programmed Telechelic Homopolymers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4313-4325. [PMID: 32897693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined hydrophilic telechelic dibromo poly(triethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate)s were prepared by single-electron transfer living radical polymerization employing a hydrophobic difunctional initiator containing acetal and disulfide linkages. Although the resulting homopolymers have low hydrophobic contents (<8.5 wt % of the entire structure), they are able to self-assemble in water into nanoscale micellelike particles via chain folding. Acetal and disulfide linkages were demonstrated to be "keystone" units for their dual stimuli-responsive behavior under biochemically relevant conditions. Their site-selective middle-chain cleavage under both acidic pH and reductive conditions splits the homopolymer into two equal-sized fragments and results in the breakdown of the nanoassemblies. The drug loading/delivery potential of these nanoparticles was investigated using curcumine combining in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies with human cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HeLa). Importantly, this strategy may be extended to prepare innovative nanoplatforms based on hydrophilic homopolymers or random copolymers for intelligent drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moreno
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez-Alesanco
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Juan C Ronda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virginia Cádiz
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marina Galià
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, and GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza 50018, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza 50009 Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.,Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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6
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Moreno A, Ronda JC, Cádiz V, Galià M, Percec V, Lligadas G. Programming Self-Assembly and Stimuli-Triggered Response of Hydrophilic Telechelic Polymers with Sequence-Encoded Hydrophobic Initiators. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moreno
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Juan C. Ronda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virginia Cádiz
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marina Galià
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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7
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Yi N, Chen TTD, Unruangsri J, Zhu Y, Williams CK. Orthogonal functionalization of alternating polyesters: selective patterning of (AB) n sequences. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9974-9980. [PMID: 32015813 PMCID: PMC6968736 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision functionalized polyesters, with defined monomer sequences, are prepared using an orthogonal post-polymerization strategy. These polyesters can be synthesized from bio-derived monomers and are targeted to degrade, by hydrolysis processes, to biocompatible diols and diacids; the new structures enabled by this methodology would be very difficult to synthesize by alternative strategies. A series of 9 well-defined highly alternating AB-type copolyesters, containing terminal and internal alkene functionalities, are synthesized in high conversions by the ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides. Firstly, the polyesters are functionalized by a selective hydroboration-oxidation reaction to exclusively and quantitatively hydroxylate the terminal alkenes, leaving the alternating internal alkenes unreacted. Subsequently, the internal alkenes are quantitatively transformed into carboxylic acid, amine, alkyl and oligo-ether groups, by thiol-ene reactions, to afford AB polyesters with alternating functional substituents. Three polyesters showing alternating hydrophilic/hydrophobic side-chain sequences self-assemble in solution to form nanostructures that are characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering methods (R h = 100-300 nm). The selective patterning methodology provides facile, efficient and orthogonal functionalization of alternating polyesters with near-quantitative (AB) n repeat sequences. The method is expected to be generalizable to other polymers and provides access to completely new AB alternating structures with the potential to exploit ligand multi-valency and adjacency to enhance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Thomas T D Chen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Junjuda Unruangsri
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London , SW7 1AZ , UK
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London , SW7 1AZ , UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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8
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Moreno A, Ronda JC, Cádiz V, Galià M, Lligadas G, Percec V. pH-Responsive Micellar Nanoassemblies from Water-Soluble Telechelic Homopolymers Endcoding Acid-Labile Middle-Chain Groups in Their Hydrophobic Sequence-Defined Initiator Residue. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1200-1208. [PMID: 35619448 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A middle-chain cleavable telechelic poly(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (MCCT-POEGA-Br) was synthesized by single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) initiated from an acetal-containing hydrophobic sequence-defined difunctional initiator. In aqueous medium, above a certain concentration, this hydrophilic homopolymer self-assembled into nanogel-like large micelles that exhibit an encapsulating capacity for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargo. The sequence-defined cleavage pattern encoded in the initiator residue allowed precise middle-chain cleavage, leading to quantitative disassembly of the corresponding nanoobjects. Dye release studies performed in an acidic environment demonstrated the potential of this new design concept in the preparation of pH-responsive nanocarriers. In addition, fluorescently tagged nanoassemblies could also be obtained via the thio-bromo "click" modification of MCCT-POEGA-Br prior to self-assembly. This strategy may provide facile access to a diversity of multistimuli-responsive nanocarriers based on commercially available hydrophilic monomers and sequence-defined difunctional initiators synthesized by this simple design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moreno
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Juan C. Ronda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Virginia Cádiz
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marina Galià
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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9
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He H, Liu B, Wang M, Vachet RW, Thayumanavan S. Sequential Nucleophilic "Click" Reactions for Functional Amphiphilic Homopolymers. Polym Chem 2019; 10:187-193. [PMID: 31447949 PMCID: PMC6707748 DOI: 10.1039/c8py01341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic homopolymers with high densities of functional groups are synthetically challenging. Thiol-yne nucleophilic click reactions have been investigated to introduce multiple functional groups in polymers with high density. An electron deficient alkyne group bearing methacrylate monomer was polymerized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Subsequently, the electron deficient alkyne group on polymer side chain was readily reacted with a thiol reagent using triethylamine (TEA) as the organocatalyst. This reaction was found to be very efficient under mild conditions. The resultant homopolymer bearing thiol vinyl ether functional groups could perform a second thiol addition with a stronger base, such as triazabicyclodecene (TBD), to prepare multifunctional homopolymers. This stepwise addition process was monitored by 1H NMR as well as gel permeation chromatography. The fidelity of this method was demonstrated by attaching four different functionalities, including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Furthermore, these dual functionalized polymers bearing dithio-acetal groups are sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which compromises the host-guest properties of the assembly in response to this stimulus. The ROS responsive polymers reported here may have potential use in therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Meizhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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10
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Reese CM, Thompson BJ, Logan PK, Stafford CM, Blanton M, Patton DL. Sequential and one-pot post-polymerization modification reactions of thiolactone-containing polymer brushes. Polym Chem 2019; 10:10.1039/c9py01123d. [PMID: 32117471 PMCID: PMC7047779 DOI: 10.1039/c9py01123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiolactone chemistry has garnered significant attention as a powerful post-polymerization modification (PPM) route to mutlifunctional polymeric materials. Here, we apply this versatile chemistry to the fabrication of ultrathin, multifunctional polymer surfaces via aminolysis and thiol-mediated double modifications of thiolactone-containing polymer brushes. Polymer brush surfaces were synthesized via microwave-assisted surface-initiated polymerization of DL-homocysteine thiolactone acrylamide. Aminolysis and thiol-Michael double modifications of the thiolactone-functional brush were explored using both sequential and one-pot reactions with bromobenzyl amine and 1H,1H-perfluoro-N-decyl acrylate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and argon gas cluster ion sputter depth profiling enabled quantitative comparison of the sequential and one-pot PPM routes with regard to conversion and spatial distribution of functional groups immobilized throughout thickness of the brush. While one-pot conditions proved to be more effective in immobilizing the amine and acrylate within the brush, the sequenital reaction enabled the fabrication of multifunctional, micropattterned brush surfaces using reactive microcontact printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Reese
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Brittany J Thompson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Phillip K Logan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Christopher M Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Michael Blanton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Derek L Patton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
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11
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Kubo T, Swartz JL, Scheutz GM, Sumerlin BS. Synthesis of Multifunctional Homopolymers through Using Thiazolidine Chemistry and Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800590. [PMID: 30368966 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional homopolymers, defined here as polymers that contain multiple reactive functional groups per repeat unit, are versatile scaffolds for preparing complex macromolecules via post-polymerization modification. However, there are limited methods for preparing multifunctional homopolymers that contain more than one nucleophilic site per repeat unit. Herein, a strategy to synthesize a multifunctional homopolymer using thiazolidine chemistry is demonstrated. Controlled radical polymerization of a thiazolidine-containing acrylamido monomer allows for the synthesis of a polymer with pendent latent nucleophiles. Ring-opening of the thiazolidine affords a homopolymer with two side-chain reactive sites, an amine and a thiol. One-pot functionalization via disulfide formation and acyl substitution is performed to introduce two distinct groups in each repeat unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jeremy L Swartz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Georg M Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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12
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Smith IR, Charlier AHR, Pritzlaff AM, Shishlov A, Barnes B, Bentz KC, Easterling CP, Sumerlin BS, Fanucci GE, Savin DA. Probing Membrane Hydration at the Interface of Self-Assembled Peptide Amphiphiles Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1261-1266. [PMID: 35651263 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The relative hydrophilicity at the interface of a nanoparticle was measured utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The supramolecular structure was assembled from spin-labeled peptide amphiphiles (PA) derived from N-carboxy anhydrides (NCA). Cyanuric chloride, or 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT), was used as a modular platform to synthesize the spin-labeled, lipid-mimetic macroinitiator used for the ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamic acid NCA to produce polyglutamate-b-dodecanethiol2. Through static and dynamic light scattering, as well as transmission electron microscopy, PAs with DP of 50 and 17 were shown to assemble into stable nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic radius of 117 and 84 nm, respectively. Continuous wave EPR spectroscopy revealed that the mobility parameter (h-1/h0) and 2Aiso of the nitroxide radical increased with increasing pH, in concert with the deprotonation of the PE side chains and associated helix-coil transition. These results are consistent with an increase in the relative hydration and polarity at the nanoparticle interface, which would be dependent on the secondary structure of the polypeptide. This research suggests that a pH stimulus could be used to facilitate water diffusion through the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Smith
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alban H. R. Charlier
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Amanda M. Pritzlaff
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander Shishlov
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brooke Barnes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kyle C. Bentz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Gail E. Fanucci
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Daniel A. Savin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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13
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Sims MB, Lessard JJ, Bai L, Sumerlin BS. Functional Diversification of Polymethacrylates by Dynamic β-Ketoester Modification. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Sims
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jacob J. Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lian Bai
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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14
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Hill MR, Kubo T, Goodrich SL, Figg CA, Sumerlin BS. Alternating Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals: Access to Tunable and Functional Polyester Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Hill
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sofia L. Goodrich
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Kabb CP, O'Bryan CS, Deng CC, Angelini TE, Sumerlin BS. Photoreversible Covalent Hydrogels for Soft-Matter Additive Manufacturing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16793-16801. [PMID: 29726251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversible covalent chemistry provides access to robust materials with the ability to be degraded and reformed upon exposure to an appropriate stimulus. Photoresponsive units are attractive for this purpose, as the spatial and temporal application of light is easily controlled. Coumarin derivatives undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition upon exposure to long-wave UV irradiation (365 nm), and this process can be reversed using short-wave UV light (254 nm). Therefore, polymers cross-linked by coumarin groups are excellent candidates as reversible covalent gels. In this work, copolymerization of coumarin-containing monomers with the hydrophilic comonomer N, N-dimethylacrylamide yielded water-soluble, linear polymers that could be cured with long-wave UV light into free-standing hydrogels, even in the absence of a photoinitiator. Importantly, the gels were reverted back to soluble copolymers upon short-wave UV irradiation. This process could be cycled, allowing for recycling and remolding of the hydrogel into additional shapes. Further, this hydrogel can be imprinted with patterns through a mask-based, post-gelation photoetching method. Traditional limitations of this technique, such as the requirement for uniform etching in one direction, have been overcome by combining these materials with a soft-matter additive manufacturing methodology. In a representative application of this approach, we printed solid structures in which the interior coumarin-cross-linked gel is surrounded by a nondegradable gel. Upon exposure to short-wave UV irradiation, the coumarin-cross-linked gel was reverted to soluble prepolymers that were washed away to yield hollow hydrogel objects.
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Kubo T, Easterling CP, Olson RA, Sumerlin BS. Synthesis of multifunctional homopolymers via sequential post-polymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review highlights recent developments in the synthesis of multifunctional homopolymers, i.e., homopolymers with multiple pendent functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Rebecca A. Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen VQ, Ngoc Tan Phan L, Zhang G, Yokozawa T, Thuy Thi Phung D, Tran Nguyen H. Synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) based rod–coil conjugated block copolymers via photoinduced metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photo-mediated metal-free ATRP for the synthesis of P3HT-based rod–coil copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Huu Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology
- University of Technology
- Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Le-Thu T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology
- University of Technology
- Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Viet Quoc Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials
- VNU–HCM
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Lan Ngoc Tan Phan
- Faculty of Materials Technology
- University of Technology
- Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University Rokkakubashi
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry
- Kanagawa University Rokkakubashi
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Dung Thuy Thi Phung
- Faculty of Materials Technology
- University of Technology
- Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Ha Tran Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology
- University of Technology
- Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
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