1
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Sun W, Uttendorfer M, Idiris FIM, Werling AYR, Siddiq K, Jones CR. Selective access to dihydrophenanthridines and phenanthridinones via cyclisation of aryl amines onto N-tethered arynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11823-11826. [PMID: 37712932 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
5,6-Dihydrophenanthridines are prepared from aryl amines via intramolecular addition to N-tethered arynes under mild conditions. A new o-silylaryl triflate precursor was developed to increase reactivity and enable electron-rich and electron-poor aryl amines to undergo cyclisation. A complete switch in product selectivity occurs when the reaction is conducted in air, affording the corresponding phenanthridin-6(5H)-one as the sole product under otherwise identical reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Maria Uttendorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Fahima I M Idiris
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - A Yannic R Werling
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Khushal Siddiq
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Christopher R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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2
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Cao WX, Zhu L, He Y, Wang R, Liu M, Ouyang Q, Xiao Q. Copper-Catalyzed Aryne Insertion into the Carbon-Iodine Bond of Heteroaryl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305146. [PMID: 37571857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Aryne insertions into the carbon-iodine bond of heteroaryl iodides has been achieved for the first time. This novel reaction provides an efficient pathway for the synthesis of valuable building blocks 2-iodoheterobiaryls from heteroaryl iodides and o-silylaryl triflates in excellent regioselectivity. The copper(I) catalyst, which bears a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, is essential to accomplish the reaction. Control reactions and DFT calculations indicate that the coordination of copper, as a Lewis acid, with nitrogen atoms of heteroaryl iodides mediates the insertion of arynes into heteroaryl carbon-iodine bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiyi He
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Run Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Avenue, Chongqing, 400038, China
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3
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Lenko I, Alayrac C, Bożek I, Witulski B. 1,3-Butadiynamides the Ethynylogous Ynamides: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Heterocyclic Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114564. [PMID: 37299038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3-butadiynamides-the ethynylogous variants of ynamides-receive considerable attention as precursors of complex molecular scaffolds for organic and heterocyclic chemistry. The synthetic potential of these C4-building blocks reveals itself in sophisticated transition-metal catalyzed annulation reactions and in metal-free or silver-mediated HDDA (Hexa-dehydro-Diels-Alder) cycloadditions. 1,3-Butadiynamides also gain significance as optoelectronic materials and in less explored views on their unique helical twisted frontier molecular orbitals (Hel-FMOs). The present account summarizes different methodologies for the synthesis of 1,3-butadiynamides followed by the description of their molecular structure and electronic properties. Finally, the surprisingly rich chemistry of 1,3-butadiynamides as versatile C4-building blocks in heterocyclic chemistry is reviewed by compiling their exciting reactivity, specificity and opportunities for organic synthesis. Besides chemical transformations and use in synthesis, a focus is set on the mechanistic understanding of the chemistry of 1,3-butadiynamides-suggesting that 1,3-butadiynamides are not just simple alkynes. These ethynylogous variants of ynamides have their own molecular character and chemical reactivity and reflect a new class of remarkably useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illia Lenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Carole Alayrac
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Igor Bożek
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Bernhard Witulski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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4
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Dong J, Lei Y, Hu Q, Zong L, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Fused diethynylbenzenes and phenanthrenes via arynes with alkynylsilanes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2715-2719. [PMID: 36722919 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A method for the hydroalkynylation and catalytic cyclization reactions of hexadehydro-Diels-Alder-derived benzynes is described. Diethynylbenzene derivatives are generated in a one-step reaction via trimethylsilyl-alkyne groups with benzyne formed by heating the appropriate tetrayne substrate. Trimethyl(phenylethynyl)silane loses TMS and binds to the electron-deficient site on HDDA-derived benzynes, and then phenanthrene was synthesized under mild reaction conditions by transition-metal-free, base promoted intramolecular cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Yu Lei
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Qiong Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Lingli Zong
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Yimin Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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5
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Chari JV, McDermott L, Dander JE, Simmons BJ, Garg NK. A symmetry-driven approach toward the total synthesis of dodecahedrane. Tetrahedron 2022; 126:133041. [PMID: 37663313 PMCID: PMC10470822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe our progress toward the total synthesis of dodecahedrane, a complex and highly symmetrical hydrocarbon that bears twelve fused rings arranged in a cage-like architecture. Central to our approach is a late-stage [2+2+2+2+2] polyene cyclization cascade, which is expected to construct five new bonds and ten new rings in a single transformation. Toward this end, we describe efforts to synthesize key monomeric fragments, along with successful dimerization studies using a pinacol coupling approach. Subsequent studies include an attempted olefin metathesis rearrangement cascade in addition to a successful intramolecular photochemical [2+2] reaction. Although attempts to elaborate the photocycloaddition product were unsuccessful, our studies provide access to complex dimeric scaffolds and are expected to help guide our future total synthesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob E. Dander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Bryan J. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
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6
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Chen Z, Tan M, Shan C, Yuan X, Chen L, Shi J, Lan Y, Li Y. Aryne 1,4‐Disubstitution and Remote Diastereoselective 1,2,4‐Trisubstitution via a Nucleophilic Annulation‐[5,5]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212160. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Chen
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan, 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
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7
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Le A, Gupta S, Xu M, Xia Y, Lee D. Development of an Allenyne-Alkyne [4+2] Cycloaddition and its Application to Total Synthesis of Selaginpulvilin A. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202015. [PMID: 35771213 PMCID: PMC9805236 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new [4+2] cycloaddition of allenyne-alkyne is developed. The reaction is believed to proceed with forming an α,3-dehydrotoluene intermediate. This species behaves as a σπ-diradical to react with a hydrogen atom donor, whereas it displays a zwitterionic reactivity toward weak nucleophiles. The efficiency of trapping α,3-dehydrotoluene depends not only on its substituents but also the trapping agents. Notable features of the reaction are the activating role of the extra alkyne of the 1,3-diyne that reacts with the allenyne moiety and the opposite mode of trapping with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles. Oxygen nucleophiles result in the oxygen-end incorporation at the benzylic position of the α,3-dehydrotoluene, whereas with amine nucleophiles the nitrogen-end is incorporated into the aromatic core. Relying on the allenyne-alkyne cycloaddition as an enabling strategy, a concise total synthesis of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitory selaginpulvilin A is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Le
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Chicago845 West Taylor Street60607ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Saswata Gupta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Chicago845 West Taylor Street60607ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Man Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University325035WenzhouZhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University325035WenzhouZhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Chicago845 West Taylor Street60607ChicagoIllinoisUSA
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8
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Guo Y, Bao H, Chen L, Shi J, Li Y. Diverse Synthesis of Triarylselenonium Salts and o-(Alkoxy)aryl Aryl Selanes via Insertion of Benzyne into the Se═O Bond. Org Lett 2022; 24:6999-7003. [PMID: 36125196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An insertion of benzyne into the Se═O bond has been realized. In this reaction, two types of compounds containing selenium could be synthesized from different substrates. When diaryl selenium oxides were used, triarylselenonium salts were furnished, while o-(alkoxy)phenyl phenyl selanes could be produced from aryl alkyl selenium oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Hongpeng Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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9
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Lei Y, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Dong J, Hu Y. Benzisoxazole core and benzoxazolopyrrolidine via HDDA-derived benzyne with PTIO/DMPO. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of Substituted Tropones and Advancement for the Construction of Structurally Significant Skeletons. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Das S. Recent applications of quinolinium salts in the synthesis of annulated heterocycles. SYNOPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1834-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline derivatives are frequently found in natural products and biologically active compounds, however, construction of quinoline fused polyheterocycles is the challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry. In this regard, quinolinium salts meet the demand to a great level, as they can be synthesized readily and employed effectively for the rapid construction of condensed heterocyclic core. The present review focuses on recent (2015-2021) applications of different quinolinium salts that react with suitable partners to access diverse annulated products. Most of the reactions discussed here involve easily available starting materials, operationally simple, high atom efficiency and environmentally benign. Mechanistic aspects of representative transformations have also been highlighted for better understanding of reaction pathway.
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12
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Li L, Shan C, Shi J, Li W, Lan Y, Li Y. The Stannum-Ene Reactions of Benzyne and Cyclohexyne with Superb Chemoselectivity for Cyclohexyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117351. [PMID: 35170157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The stannum-ene reactions of both benzyne and cyclohexyne were realized, which is particularly suitable for cyclohexyne with a broad substrate scope and excellent chemoselectivity. Our DFT calculations via distortion/interaction analysis revealed that both stannum- and hydrogen-ene reactions with cyclohexyne have later transition states due to their higher distortion energies in the transition states than those in benzyne reactions, which lead to enhanced Pauli repulsion as the decisive factor in the interaction energy accompanied with enlarged energy gap between two types of ene reactions. Therefore, excellent chemoselectivity was disclosed in the cyclohexyne-ene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Lu Y, Duan X, Chen X, Yao M, Chen C, Zhu H, Luo Z, Zhang Y. A mild tetradehydro-Diels-Alder reaction of aryldiyne compounds affords exclusively linear products. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3174-3182. [PMID: 35347333 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00121g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermal tetradehydro-Diels-Alder (TDDA) reaction for the synthesis of polysubstituted aromatic compounds remains underestimated probably due to the harsh conditions and multiproduct results. Herein, a mild intramolecular TDDA reaction of aryldiyne compounds is presented with linear naphthalenes only, exhibiting good functional group tolerance. The reaction is easy to operate and amenable to multigram-scale synthesis. From the preliminary work, it was found that the mild conditions may be the key to the completely linear product in the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Xianxian Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation. School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China.
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14
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Li L, Shan C, Shi J, Li W, Lan Y, Li Y. The Stannum–Ene Reactions of Benzyne and Cyclohexyne with Superb Chemoselectivity for Cyclohexyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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15
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Chinta BS, Arora S, Hoye TR. Trapping Reactions of Benzynes Initiated by Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of a Carbonyl Oxygen to the Electrophilic Aryne. Org Lett 2022; 24:425-429. [PMID: 34958573 PMCID: PMC8848297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe here reactions in which a carbonyl oxygen atom initiates cascade reactions by nucleophilic attack on a covalently attached benzyne. The benzynes are produced by thermal cyclization of triynes via hexadehydro-Diels-Alder reaction. The initially produced oxocarbenium/aryl carbanionic zwitterion is protonated in situ by an external protic nucleophile (NuH) of appropriate acidity. The resulting ion pair (oxocarbenium+/Nu-) collapses through several different mechanistic manifolds, adding to the diversity of structural classes that can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Shankar Chinta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sahil Arora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Corresponding Author:
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16
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Lynn M, Pierson Smela M, Hoye TR. Silicon as a powerful control element in HDDA chemistry: redirection of innate cyclization preferences, functionalizable tethers, and formal bimolecular HDDA reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13902-13908. [PMID: 34760176 PMCID: PMC8549800 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,3-diyne and diynophile in hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction substrates are typically tethered by linker units that consist of C, O, N, and/or S atoms. We describe here a new class of polyynes based on silicon-containing tethers that can be disposed of and/or functionalized subsequent to the HDDA reaction. The cyclizations are efficient, and the resulting benzoxasiloles are amenable to protodesilylation, halogenation, oxygenation, and arylation reactions. The presence of the silicon atom can also override the innate mode of cyclization in some cases, an outcome attributable to a β-silyl effect on the structure of intermediate diradicals. Overall, this strategy equates formally to an otherwise unknown, bimolecular HDDA reaction and expands the versatility of this body of aryne chemistry. A designer silicon-containing linker enables HDDA chemistry that complements known modes of reactivity. Subsequent removal of the Si liberates a benzenoid product that is formally the result of an intermolecular HDDA reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Merrick Pierson Smela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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17
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Zhu C, Zhang J, Hoye TR. De novo Assembly of the Benzenoid Ring as a Core Strategy for Synthesis of the Isoindolinone Natural Products Isohericerin, Erinacerin A, and Sterenin A. Org Lett 2021; 23:7550-7554. [PMID: 34543031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the use of the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction for the de novo construction of the isoindolinone scaffold and its application to the synthesis of the title natural products. The key isoindolinone-forming HDDA reaction involved an unprecedented substrate motif in which an amide carbonyl group was conjugated to the 4π 1,3-diyne component. In addition, a dimethylsilyl (-SiMe2H) substituent was exploited to trigger a Fleming-Tamao-Kumada oxidation for the installation of an essential phenolic hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Juntian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Guin A, Gaykar RN, Deswal S, Biju AT. Three-Component, Diastereoselective [6 + 3] Annulation of Tropone, Imino Esters, and Arynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:7456-7461. [PMID: 34510902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free, three-component, and diastereoselective [6 + 3] annulation reaction employing tropone, imino esters, and arynes allowing the synthesis of bridged azabicyclo[4.3.1]decadienes is demonstrated. The key nitrogen ylides for the [6 + 3] annulation were generated by the addition of imino esters to the arynes followed by a proton transfer. The nitrogen ylides undergo a regioselective addition to tropone to furnish the desired products in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rahul N Gaykar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shiksha Deswal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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19
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Pan L, Wang Q, Sun J, Yan C. Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reaction of Styrene with Phenoxy‐Acrylate for Construction of Functionalized Naphthalenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu‐Na Pan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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20
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Abstract
A benzyne-mediated esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols under mild conditions has been realized, which is made possible via a selective nucleophilic addition of carboxylic acid to benzyne in the presence of alcohol. After a subsequent transesterification with alcohol, the corresponding esters can be produced efficiently. This benzyne-mediated protocol can be used on the modification of Ibuprofen, cholesterol, estradiol, and synthesis of nandrolone phenylpropionate. In addition, benzyne can also be used to promote lactonization and amidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, 130012
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21
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Radial hexadehydro-Diels-Alder reactions. Chem 2021; 7:2527-2537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Ikawa T, Yamamoto Y, Heguri A, Fukumoto Y, Murakami T, Takagi A, Masuda Y, Yahata K, Aoyama H, Shigeta Y, Tokiwa H, Akai S. Could London Dispersion Force Control Regioselective (2 + 2) Cyclodimerizations of Benzynes? YES: Application to the Synthesis of Helical Biphenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10853-10859. [PMID: 34197100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, London dispersion interactions, which are the attractive component of the van der Waals potential, have been found to play an important role in controlling the regio- and/or stereoselectivity of various reactions. Particularly, the dispersion interactions between substrates and catalysts (or ligands) are dominant in various selective catalyzes. In contrast, repulsive steric interactions, rather than the attractive dispersion interactions, between bulky substituents are predominant in most of the noncatalytic reactions. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of London dispersion-controlled noncatalytic (2 + 2) cyclodimerization of substituted benzynes to selectively afford proximal biphenylenes in high yields and regioselectivities, depending on the extent of dispersion interactions in the substituents. This method can be applied for the synthesis of novel helical biphenylenes, which would be fascinating for chemists as these compounds are potential skeletons for ligands, catalysts, and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Akito Heguri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonari Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuto Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yahata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Anthony S, Wonilowicz LG, McVeigh MS, Garg NK. Leveraging Fleeting Strained Intermediates to Access Complex Scaffolds. JACS AU 2021; 1:897-912. [PMID: 34337603 PMCID: PMC8317162 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arynes, strained cyclic alkynes, and strained cyclic allenes were validated as plausible intermediates in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite initially being considered mere scientific curiosities, these transient and highly reactive species have now become valuable synthetic building blocks. This Perspective highlights recent advances in the field that have allowed access to structural and stereochemical complexity, including recent breakthroughs in asymmetric catalysis.
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24
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Guin A, Bhattacharjee S, Biju AT. Transition-Metal-Free C2-Functionalization of Pyridines through Aryne Three-Component Coupling. Chemistry 2021; 27:13864-13869. [PMID: 34288154 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct C2-functionalization of pyridines through a transition-metal-free protocol by using aryne multicomponent coupling is demonstrated. The reaction allowed a broad-scope synthesis of C2-substituted pyridine derivatives bearing the -CF3 group in good yields with α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenones as the third component. Activated keto esters could also be employed as the third component in this formal 1,2-di(hetero)arylation of ketones. Performing the reaction under dilute conditions inhibited the competing pyridine-aryne polymerization pathway. Nucleophilic attack by the initially generated pyridylidene intermediate on the carbonyl followed by an SN Ar process resembling the Smiles rearrangement affords the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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25
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Shi J, Li L, Shan C, Chen Z, Dai L, Tan M, Lan Y, Li Y. Benzyne 1,2,4-Trisubstitution and Dearomative 1,2,4-Trifunctionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10530-10536. [PMID: 34236186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both 1,2,4-trisubstitution and dearomative 1,2,4-trifunctionalization of benzyne have been accomplished from sulfoxides bearing a penta-2,4-dien-1-yl moiety. These cascade transformations proceed through a benzyne insertion into the S═O bond and an uncommon regiospecific anionic [4,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement, furnishing a C-O, C-S, and C-C bond on the C1-, C2-, and C4-position of a benzene ring, respectively. This study showcases new cascade benzyne reaction modes involving both distal C-H bond functionalization and dearomatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030.,College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China 401331
| | - Zhonghong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Liang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Min Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China 450001
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China 130012
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26
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Zhan Z, Zhang M, Jiang P, He J, Luo N, Wang H, Wang M, Huang G. Selective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazoles by Iodine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloadditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Jiang
- Department Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Changhai Biological Branch Zhe Jiang Shaoxing P. R. China
| | - Jianping He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Hesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou P. R. China
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27
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Maier J, Marder TB. Mechanistic and Kinetic Factors of ortho-Benzyne Formation in Hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:7978-7991. [PMID: 33783896 PMCID: PMC8251977 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (HDDA) from its first discovery in 1997, the question of whether a concerted or stepwise mechanism better describes the thermally activated formation of ortho-benzyne from a diyne and a diynophile has been debated. Mechanistic and kinetic investigations were able to show that this is not a black or white situation, as minor changes can tip the balance. For that reason, especially, linked yne-diynes were studied to examine steric, electronic, and radical-stabilizing effects of their terminal substituents on the reaction mechanism and kinetics. Furthermore, the influence of the nature of the linker on the HDDA reaction was explored. The more recently discovered photochemical HDDA reaction also gives ortho-arynes, which display the same reactivity as the thermally generated ones, but their formation might not proceed by the same mechanism. This minireview summarizes the current state of mechanistic understanding of the HDDA reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Maier
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Gaykar RN, George M, Guin A, Bhattacharjee S, Biju AT. An Umpolung Oxa-[2,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement Employing Arynes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Enol Ethers. Org Lett 2021; 23:3447-3452. [PMID: 33830779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An oxa-[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement involving arynes is reported featuring the umpolung of ketones, where the C═O bond polarity is reversed. The in situ-generated sulfur ylides from β-keto thioethers and arynes undergo efficient rearrangement allowing the facile and robust synthesis of functionalized enol ethers in high yields and excellent functional group compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic studies rule out the possibility of Pummerer-type rearrangement operating in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul N Gaykar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Malini George
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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29
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Chen X, Zhong C, Lu Y, Yao M, Guan Z, Chen C, Zhu H, Luo Z, Zhang Y. Practical access to fluorescent 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives via didehydro-Diels-Alder reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5155-5158. [PMID: 33900353 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01437d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient approach for the synthesis of fluorescent 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives has been developed from readily available starting materials via an intramolecular didehydro-Diels-Alder reaction, which proceeded well under room temperature, exhibiting a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. The practicability of this methodology has been verified by one-step synthesis of the environmentally sensitive fluorophore 6-DMN on a gram scale with a shorter time, fewer steps and less waste disposal, and without the utilization of toxic transition metals. The present experimental and computational studies support the crucial role of the propiolimide moiety in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuling Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Meng Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhenhua Guan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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30
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Fluegel LL, Hoye TR. Hexadehydro-Diels-Alder Reaction: Benzyne Generation via Cycloisomerization of Tethered Triynes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2413-2444. [PMID: 33492939 PMCID: PMC8008985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction is the thermal cyclization of an alkyne and a 1,3-diyne to generate a benzyne intermediate. This is then rapidly trapped, in situ, by a variety of species to yield highly functionalized benzenoid products. In contrast to nearly all other methods of aryne generation, no other reagents are required to produce an HDDA benzyne. The versatile and customizable nature of the process has attracted much attention due not only to its synthetic potential but also because of the fundamental mechanistic insights the studies often afford. The authors have attempted to provide here a comprehensive compilation of publications appearing by mid-2020 that describe experimental results of HDDA reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Fluegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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32
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Shi J, Li L, Shan C, Wang J, Chen Z, Gu R, He J, Tan M, Lan Y, Li Y. Aryne 1,2,3,5-Tetrasubstitution Enabled by 3-Silylaryne and Allyl Sulfoxide via an Aromatic 1,3-Silyl Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2178-2184. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Zhonghong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Rongrong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Jia He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Min Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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33
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Zhu G, Gao WC, Jiang X. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Carbene Migration/Carbonylation/Cyclization: Straightforward Construction of Fully Substituted Aryne Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1334-1340. [PMID: 33439011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Rh(I)-catalyzed cascade formation of carbenoid followed by a carbonylative cyclization of silyl diynes has been established to achieve diverse ortho silyl-substituted phenolics, enabling access to fully substituted aryne precursors via a one-step fluorosulfurylation. The silyl mask on the termini of alkynes is demonstrated not only to suppress the undesired oxidation but also to control the selectivity of CO insertion. Straightforward access to fully substituted arynes was comprehensively established and applied for the efficient construction of polycyclic aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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34
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Wang B, Constantin MG, Singh S, Zhou Y, Davis RL, West FG. Generation and trapping of electron-deficient 1,2-cyclohexadienes. Unexpected hetero-Diels-Alder reactivity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:399-405. [PMID: 33300539 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Keto-substituted 1,2-cyclohexadienes were generated by base-mediated (KOt-Bu) elimination, and found to dimerize via an unprecedented formal hetero-Diels-Alder process, followed by hydration. These highly reactive cyclic allene intermediates were also trapped in Diels-Alder reactions by furan, 2,5-dimethylfuran, or diphenylisobenzofuran to afford cycloadducts with high regio- and diastereoselectivity, and could also be intercepted in a hetero-Diels-Alder process with enamine dienophiles. Endo/exo stereochemistry was unambiguously determined via X-ray crystallography in the case of nitrile-substituted 1,2-cyclohexadiene. DFT calculations indicate that the novel hetero-Diels-Alder processes observed with these allenes occur via a concerted asynchronous cycloaddition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2. and State-Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Marius-Georgian Constantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2.
| | - Simarpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Bldg., 144 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MN, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2.
| | - Rebecca L Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 360 Parker Bldg., 144 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MN, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - F G West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2.
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35
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Le A, Lee D. Selectivity between an Alder–ene reaction and a [2 + 2] cycloaddition in the intramolecular reactions of allene-tethered arynes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Substituent-dependent reactivity and selectivity in the intramolecular reactions of arynes tethered with an allene are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Le
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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36
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Miyabe H. Aryne-Mediated Synthesis of Oxygen Heterocycles and Application to Cysteine-Selective Trapping. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Yao L, Fang B, Hu Q, Lei Y, Bao L, Hu Y. Phenanthrenes/dihydrophenanthrenes: the selectivity controlled by different benzynes and allenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15185-15188. [PMID: 33216071 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the intermolecular annulation of benzynes with allenes is disclosed. This protocol utilized allenes as an unconventional diene component for the selective synthesis of phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes under the control of different benzyne precursors, featuring high atom-economy and good functional group compatibility. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that different migratory routes of the aromatic C-H bond are crucial for the observed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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38
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Maier J, Deutsch M, Merz J, Ye Q, Diamond O, Schilling M, Friedrich A, Engels B, Marder TB. Highly Conjugated π-Systems Arising from Cannibalistic Hexadehydro-Diels-Alder Couplings: Cleavage of C-C Single and Triple Bonds. Chemistry 2020; 26:15989-16000. [PMID: 32619049 PMCID: PMC7756338 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the cannibalistic self-trapping reaction of an ortho-benzyne derivative generated from 1,11-bis(p-tolyl)undeca-1,3,8,10-tetrayne in an HDDA reaction. Without adding any specific trapping agent, the highly reactive benzyne is trapped by another bisdiyne molecule in at least three different modes. We have isolated and characterized the resulting products and performed high-level calculations concerning the reaction mechanism. During the cannibalistic self-trapping process, either a C≡C triple bond or an sp-sp3 C-C single bond is cleaved. Up to seven rings and nine C-C bonds are formed starting from two 1,11-bis(p-tolyl)undeca-1,3,8,10-tetrayne molecules. Our experiments and calculations provide considerable insight into the variety of reaction pathways which the ortho-benzyne derivative, generated from a bisdiyne, can take when reacting with another bisdiyne molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Maier
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marian Deutsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Qing Ye
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Southern University of Science and TechnologyNo 1088, Xueyuan Rd.Xili, Nanshan DistrictShenzhen, GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Oliver Diamond
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maja‐Tessa Schilling
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry &, Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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39
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Bhattacharjee S, Guin A, Gaykar RN, Biju AT. Thiophenols as Protic Nucleophilic Triggers in Aryne Three-Component Coupling. Org Lett 2020; 22:9097-9101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rahul N. Gaykar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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40
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Wei YL, Dauvergne G, Rodriguez J, Coquerel Y. Enantiospecific Generation and Trapping Reactions of Aryne Atropisomers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16921-16925. [PMID: 32955266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched aryne atropisomers having a biaryl stereogenic axis vicinal to the reactive triple bond are demonstrated to exist. These reaction intermediates are easily produced in situ and can undergo the standard aryne cycloaddition chemistry in an enantiospecific manner. Notably, the aryne atropisomers herein have allowed the practical syntheses of a small nanographene as well as some triptycene and anthracene derivatives that embed stereogenic axes of controlled absolute configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Wei
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, 13397 Marseille, France
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41
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Ma X, Maier J, Wenzel M, Friedrich A, Steffen A, Marder TB, Mitrić R, Brixner T. Direct observation of o-benzyne formation in photochemical hexadehydro-Diels-Alder ( hν-HDDA) reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9198-9208. [PMID: 34123168 PMCID: PMC8163437 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03184d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive ortho-benzyne derivatives are believed to be the initial products of liquid-phase [4 + 2]-cycloadditions between a 1,3-diyne and an alkyne via what is known as a hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction. The UV/VIS spectroscopic observation of o-benzyne derivatives and their photochemical dynamics in solution, however, have not been reported previously. Herein, we report direct UV/VIS spectroscopic evidence for the existence of an o-benzyne in solution, and establish the dynamics of its formation in a photoinduced reaction. For this purpose, we investigated a bis-diyne compound using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet/visible region. In the first step, we observe excited-state isomerization on a sub-10 ps time scale. For identification of the o-benzyne species formed within 50–70 ps, and the corresponding photochemical hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (hν-HDDA) reactions, we employed two intermolecular trapping strategies. In the first case, the o-benzyne was trapped by a second bis-diyne, i.e., self-trapping. The self-trapping products were then identified in the transient absorption experiments by comparing their spectral features to those of the isolated products. In the second case, we used perylene for trapping and reconstructed the spectrum of the trapping product by removing the contribution of irrelevant species from the experimentally observed spectra. Taken together, the UV/VIS spectroscopic data provide a consistent picture for o-benzyne derivatives in solution as the products of photo-initiated HDDA reactions, and we deduce the time scales for their formation. We report the transient ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrum of an o-benzyne species in solution for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Jan Maier
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Wenzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str.6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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42
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Mies T, Ma TK, Barrett AGM. Syntheses of polyfunctional aromatic compounds from non-aromatic precursors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Arora S, Sneddon DS, Hoye TR. Reactions of HDDA Benzynes with C,N-Diarylimines (ArCH=NAr'). European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:2379-2383. [PMID: 33776554 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
o-Benzynes can be utilized to construct heterocyclic motifs using various nucleophilic and cycloaddition trapping reactions. Acridines have been synthesized by capture of C,N-diarylimines with benzynes generated by classical methods (i.e., from ortho-elimination of precursor arene compounds), although in poor yields. We report here that these imines can be trapped by benzynes generated by the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction in an efficient manner to produce 1,4-dihydroacridine products. These dihydroacridines were subsequently aromatized using MnO2 to provide structurally complex acridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Arora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Dorian S Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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44
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Ikawa T, Sun J, Takagi A, Akai S. One-Pot Generation of Functionalized Benzynes from Readily Available 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3383-3392. [PMID: 32013426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a one-pot method for the generation of benzynes from a range of readily available 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acids. This method features the in situ activation of both boronic acid and hydroxyl groups of the substrate to enhance benzyne generation at 60 °C. Such mild conditions facilitate the generation of functionalized benzynes that immediately react with diverse arynophiles to produce multisubstituted fused benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - JingKai Sun
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Werz DB, Biju AT. Uncovering the Neglected Similarities of Arynes and Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3385-3398. [PMID: 31529661 PMCID: PMC7065169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arynes and donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes are two classes of strained systems having the potential for numerous applications in organic synthesis. The last two decades have witnessed a renaissance of interest in the chemistry of these species primarily because of the mild and robust methods for their generation or activation. Commonly, arynes as easily polarizable systems result in 1,2-disubstitution, whereas D-A cyclopropanes as polarized systems lead to 1,3-bisfunctionalization thereby showing striking similarities. Transformations with 1,2- and 1,3-dipoles afford cyclic structures. With arynes, emerging four-membered rings as intermediates might react further, whereas the analogous five-membered rings obtained from D-A cyclopropanes are most often the final products. However, there are a few cases where these intermediates behave surprisingly differently. This Minireview highlights the parallels in reactivity between arynes and D-A cyclopropanes thereby shedding light on the neglected similarities of these two reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitut für Organische ChemieHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic ChemistryIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India
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46
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Cao W, Niu SL, Shuai L, Xiao Q. Copper-catalysed three-component carboiodination of arynes: expeditious synthesis ofo-alkynyl aryl iodides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:972-975. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09160b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed three-component reaction of arynes, terminal alkynes, and NIS provides an expeditious approach too-alkynyl aryl iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Cao
- College of Pharmacy
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Li Niu
- College of Pharmacy
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- P. R. China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Pharmacy
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Xiao
- College of Pharmacy
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- P. R. China
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47
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Werz DB, Biju AT. Über bislang nicht beachtete Parallelen in der Reaktivität von Arinen und Donor‐Akzeptor‐Cyclopropanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitut für Organische Chemie Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Indien
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48
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Abstract
The generation of pyridynes from diyne nitriles is reported. These cyano-containing precursors are analogues of the triyne substrates typically used for the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) cycloisomerization reactions that produce ring-fused benzynes. Hence, the new processes described represent aza-HDDA reactions. Depending on the location of the nitrile, either 3,4-pyridynes (from 1,3-diynes containing a tethered cyano group) or 2,3-pyridynes (from 1-cyanoethyne derivatives containing a tethered alkyne) are produced. In situ trapping of these reactive intermediates leads to highly substituted and functionalized pyridine derivatives. In several instances, unprecedented pyridyne trapping reactions are seen. Differences in reaction energetics between the aza-HDDA substrates and that of their analogous HDDA (triyne) substrates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin K Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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49
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Geist E, Berneaud-Kötz H, Baikstis T, Dräger G, Kirschning A. Toward Chromanes by de Novo Construction of the Benzene Ring. Org Lett 2019; 21:8930-8933. [PMID: 31664844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The work describes three principal Diels-Alder cycloaddition approaches toward chromanes that are designed for the de novo construction of the benzene ring. This study specifically focuses on the potential exploitation in the total synthesis of chromane-bearing natural products such as cebulactam A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Geist
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) at Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Helge Berneaud-Kötz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) at Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Tomas Baikstis
- Sygnature Discovery, Biocity , Pennyfoot Street , Nottingham NG11GR , United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) at Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) at Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 1B , 30167 Hannover , Germany
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50
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Gaykar RN, Guin A, Bhattacharjee S, Biju AT. Three-Component Aminoselenation of Arynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:9613-9617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul N. Gaykar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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