1
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Li J, Yan J, Liu YZ, Ma X. Stereoselective and controllable C3-Amination or C1,C3-di-amination of 2-nitroglycals. Carbohydr Res 2024; 540:109121. [PMID: 38692248 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Precise and selective modification of carbohydrates is a critical strategy in producing diverse carbohydrate derivatives for exploiting their functions. We disclosed a simple, efficient, and highly regioselective and stereoselective protocol to controllable amination of 2-nitroglycals under mild conditions in 5 min. A range of 3-amino-carbohydrates including 3-arylamino-2-nitro-glycals and 1,3-di-amino-carbohydrate derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yield with excellent stereoselectivity. The produced 3-amino-2-nitro-glycals can be used as a precursor for further transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yan
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhou Liu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Ali I, Kamala Lakshmi MV, Perali RS. A Short Route to the Synthesis of Digoxose Trisaccharide Glycal Donor via Mislow-Evans Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12105-12114. [PMID: 37555372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mislow-Evans rearrangement was used as a key reaction to construct digitoxose-derived glycals. The same rearrangement was iteratively performed on di- and trisaccharides to form the digoxose glycal donor component present in the cardenolides digitoxin, digoxin, and gitoxin. The scalability of the trisaccharide synthesis was shown by performing the reactions on a multigram scale. Glycosylation reactions were also performed between the synthesized digoxin glycal donor and aglycons digoxigenin and gitoxigenin to synthesize novel cardenolide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intzar Ali
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - M V Kamala Lakshmi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Ramu Sridhar Perali
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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3
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Yang J, Xie D, Ma X. Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Amino Sugars. Molecules 2023; 28:4724. [PMID: 37375279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities. Over the past few decades, there have been continuing efforts on the stereoselective glycosylation of amino sugars. However, the introduction of glycoside bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, diastereomeric mixtures of O-glycoside are often produced if aminoglycoside lack a C2 substituent. This review focuses on the updated overview of the way to stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-aminoglycoside. The scope, mechanism, and the applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates for the representative methodologies were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Demeng Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Geulin A, Bourne-Branchu Y, Ben Ayed K, Lecourt T, Joosten A. Ferrier/Aza-Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation (FAWEG) Sequence to Access 1,2-Trans 3-Amino-3-deoxyglycosides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203987. [PMID: 36793144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Amino-3-deoxyglycosides constitute an essential class of nitrogen-containing sugars. Among them, many important 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosides possess a 1,2-trans relationship. In view of their numerous biological applications, the synthesis of 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosyl donors giving rise to a 1,2-trans glycosidic linkage is thus an important challenge. Even though glycals are highly polyvalent donors, the synthesis and reactivity of 3-amino-3-deoxyglycals have been little studied. In this work, we describe a new sequence, involving a Ferrier rearrangement and subsequent aza-Wacker cyclization that allows the rapid synthesis of orthogonally protected 3-amino-3-deoxyglycals. Finally a 3-amino-3-deoxygalactal derivative was submitted for the first time to an epoxidation/glycosylation with high yield and great diastereoselectivity, highlighting FAWEG (Ferrier/Aza-Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation) as a new approach to access 1,2-trans 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme Geulin
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yann Bourne-Branchu
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Kawther Ben Ayed
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Thomas Lecourt
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Antoine Joosten
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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5
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Fu D, Zhang S, Xu B, Peng P, Wan Q, Zeng J. Selective Reduction Leading to 3,5- cis-3-Aminosugars: Synthesis and Stereoselective Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:727-731. [PMID: 36516836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 3,5-cis-3-amino glycals with a cis-fused cyclic sulfamidate group has been achieved by selective reduction of sulfamidate ketimine groups. The efficient access to the structurally unique glycals allowed the subsequent divergent synthesis of various naturally occurring 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxysugars. In addition, Lewis acid-promoted glycosylation of the glycals provided a simple solution for the stereoselective installation of O- and C-linked aglycons on the amino sugar scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxian Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Peng Peng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang M, Chen HW, Liu QQ, Gao FT, Li YX, Hu XG, Yu CY. De Novo Synthesis of Orthogonally-Protected C2-Fluoro Digitoxoses and Cymaroses: Development and Application for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Digoxin. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1272-1284. [PMID: 34964642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by Roush's pioneering work on rare sugars, we have developed a scalable, stereoselective, de novo synthesis of orthogonally protected C2-fluoro digitoxose and cymarose, utilizing Sharpless kinetic resolution and organocatalytic fluorination as key steps. The utility of this strategy is demonstrated by the synthesis of a fluorinated analogue of digoxin, which indicates the fluorine on the sugar ring may have a significant impact on biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Feng-Teng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Long Q, Gao J, Yan N, Wang P, Li M. (C 6F 5) 3B·(HF) n-catalyzed glycosylation of disarmed glycosyl fluorides and reverse glycosyl fluorides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
(C6F5)3B·(HF)n-catalyzed glycosylation of disarmed glycosyl fluorides and reverse glycosyl fluorides with structurally diverse nucleophiles has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Long
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Jingru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ningjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine
- Chinese Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
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8
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Herrera-González I, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Sau A, Nativi C, García Fernández JM, Galán MC, Ortiz Mellet C. Stereoselective Synthesis of Iminosugar 2-Deoxy(thio)glycosides from Bicyclic Iminoglycal Carbamates Promoted by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate and Cooperative Brønsted Acid-Type Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5038-5047. [PMID: 32159355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of iminosugar-type 2-deoxy(thio)glycoside mimetics are reported. The key step is the activation of a bicyclic iminoglycal carbamate to generate a highly reactive acyliminium cation. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate efficiently promoted the formation of 2-deoxy S-glycosides in the presence of thiols, probably by in situ generation of catalytic HNO3, with complete α-stereoselectivity. Cooperative phosphoric acid/Schreiner's thiourea organocatalysis proved better suited for generating 2-deoxy O-glycosides, significantly broadening the scope of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Herrera-González
- Deptartment of Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Deptartment of Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abhijit Sau
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Carmen Galán
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Deptartment of Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Zeng J, Wang R, Zhang S, Fang J, Liu S, Sun G, Xu B, Xiao Y, Fu D, Zhang W, Hu Y, Wan Q. Hydrogen-Bonding-Assisted Exogenous Nucleophilic Reagent Effect for β-Selective Glycosylation of Rare 3-Amino Sugars. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8509-8515. [PMID: 31067044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Challenges for stereoselective glycosylation of deoxy sugars are notorious in carbohydrate chemistry. We herein report a novel strategy for the construction of the less investigated β-glycosidic bonds of 3,5- trans-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars (3,5- trans-3-ADSs), which constitute the core structure of several biologically important antibiotics. Current protocol leverages a C-3 axial sulfonamide group in 3,5- trans-3-ADSs as a hydrogen-bond (H-bond) donor and repurposes substoichiometric phosphine oxide as an exogenous nucleophilic reagent (exNu) to establish an intramolecular H-bond between the former and the derived α-oxyphosphonium ion. This pivotal interaction stabilizes the α-face-covered intermediate to inhibit the formation of the more reactive β-intermediate, thereby yielding reversed β-selectivity, which is unconventional for an exNu-mediated glycosylation system. A wide range of substrates was accommodated, and good to excellent β-selectivities were ensured by this H-bonding-assisted exNu effect. The robustness of the current strategy was further attested by the architectural modification of natural products and drugs containing 3,5- trans-3-ADSs, as well as the synthesis of a trisaccharide unit in avidinorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Ruobin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , 299 Bayi Street , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , China
| | - Guangfei Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Dengxian Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China.,Institute of Brain Research , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
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10
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Mestre J, Collado D, Benito-Alifonso D, Rodríguez MA, Matheu MI, Díaz Y, Castillón S, Boutureira O. Highly reactive 2-deoxy-2-iodo-d- allo and d- gulo pyranosyl sulfoxide donors ensure β-stereoselective glycosylations with steroidal aglycones. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30076-30079. [PMID: 35546863 PMCID: PMC9085402 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of well-defined d-xylo and d-ribo glycosides represents a synthetic challenge due to the limited configurational availability of starting materials and the laborious synthesis of homogeneous 2-deoxy-β-glycosidic linkages, in particular that of the sugar-steroid motif, which represents the "stereoselective determining step" of the overall synthesis. Herein we describe the use of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-glycopyranosyl sulfoxides accessible from widely available d-xylose and d-ribose monosaccharides as privileged glycosyl donors that permit activation at very low temperature. This ensures a precise kinetic control for a complete 1,2-trans stereoselective glycosylation of particularly challenging steroidal aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mestre
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - David Collado
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - David Benito-Alifonso
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - M Isabel Matheu
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Yolanda Díaz
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Sergio Castillón
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
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11
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Abstract
Naturally occurring glycans and glycoconjugates have extremely diverse structures and biological functions. Syntheses of these molecules and their artificial mimics, which have attracted the interest of those developing new therapeutic agents, rely on glycosylation methodologies to construct the various glycosidic linkages. In this regard, a wide array of glycosylation methods have been developed, and they mainly involve the substitution of a leaving group on the anomeric carbon of a glycosyl donor with an acceptor (a nucleophile) under the action of a particular promoter (usually a stoichiometric electrophile). However, glycosylations involving inherently unstable or unreactive donors/acceptors are still problematic. In those systems, reactions involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, or acidic species present on the leaving group and the promoter could become competitive and detrimental to the glycosylation. To address this problem, we applied the recently developed chemistry of alkynophilic gold(I) catalysts to the development of new glycosylation reactions that would avoid the use of the conventional leaving groups and promoters. Gratifyingly, glycosyl o-alkynylbenzoates (namely, glycosyl o-hexynyl- and o-cyclopropylethynylbenzoates) turned out to be privileged donors under gold(I) catalysis with Ph3PAuNTf2 and Ph3PAuOTf. The merits of this new glycosylation protocol include the following: (1) the donors are easily prepared and are generally shelf-stable; (2) the promotion is catalytic; (3) the substrate scope is extremely wide; (4) relatively few side reactions are observed; (5) the glycosylation conditions are orthogonal to those of conventional methods; and (6) the method is operationally simple. Indeed, this method has been successfully applied in the synthesis of a wide variety of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, including complex glycosides of epoxides, nucleobases, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, triterpenes, and peptides. The direct glycosylation of some sensitive aglycones, such as dammarane C20-ol and sugar oximes, and the glycosylation-initiated polymerization of tetrahydrofuran were achieved for the first time. The gold(I) catalytic cycle of the present glycosylation protocol has been fully elucidated. In particular, key intermediates, such as the 1-glycosyloxyisochromenylium-4-gold(I) and isochromen-4-ylgold(I) complexes, have been unambiguously characterized. Exploiting the former glycosyloxypyrylium intermediate, SN2-type glycosylations were realized in specific cases, such as β-mannosylation/rhamnosylation. The protodeauration of the latter vinylgold(I) intermediate has been reported to be critically important for the gold(I) catalytic cycle. Thus, the addition of a strong acid as a cocatalyst can dramatically reduce the required loading of the gold(I) catalyst (down to 0.001 equiv). C-Glycosylation with silyl nucleophiles can proceed catalytically when moisture, which is sequestered by molecular sieves, can serve as the H+ donor for the required protodeauration step. Indeed, the unique mechanism explains the merits and broad applicability of the present glycosylation method and provides a foundation for future developments in glycosylation methodologies that mainly involve improving the diastereoselectivity and catalytic efficiency of glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular
Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Li W, Yu B. Gold-catalyzed glycosylation in the synthesis of complex carbohydrate-containing natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7954-7984. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i)- and gold(iii)-catalyzed glycosylation reactions and their application in the synthesis of natural glycoconjugates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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13
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Zeng J, Wang R, Yao W, Zhang S, Sun G, Liao Z, Meng L, Wan Q. Diversified synthesis and α-selective glycosylation of 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quick access to various unnatural 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars was achieved by sequential functionalization of a glycal intermediate. This strategy and the further glycosylation method allowed the efficient late-stage modification of bioactive natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ruobin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wang Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Guangfei Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Institute of Brain Research
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