1
|
Zhou J, Huang X, Yu X, Yang L, Han JY, Lhazom T, Cui HL. HCl/DMSO/HFIP-Mediated Chlorination of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines and Other Electron-Rich Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38920085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An efficient oxidative chlorination of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines has been established using HCl (aq) as the chlorine source and DMSO as the terminal oxidant in HFIP at ambient temperature. A variety of chlorinated pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives have been prepared readily in 23 to 99% yields. This chlorination strategy can be expanded to the functionalization of other electron-rich heteroarenes including substituted pyrroles, indoles, and naphthols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Han
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Tsesong Lhazom
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui HL. Recent advances in oxidative chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1580-1601. [PMID: 38312070 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the wide occurrence and extensive application of organic chlorides in many research fields, the development of easy, practical and green chlorination methodologies is much needed. In the oxidative chlorination strategy, active chlorinating species can be in situ formed by the interaction of easily accessible chlorides such as NaCl, HCl, KCl, CHCl3, etc. and suitable oxidants. Among the established chlorination approaches, this strategy is an attractive one as it features the use of readily available, cheap and safe inorganic or organic chlorides, good atom economy of chlorine, and multiple choices of oxidants. This review summarizes the representative methodologies in the field of oxidative chlorination, covering 2013 to 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Development of Efficient and Selective Processes for the Synthesis of Commercially Important Chlorinated Phenols. ORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/org2030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
para-Selective processes for the chlorination of phenols using sulphuryl chloride in the presence of various sulphur-containing catalysts have been successfully developed. Several chlorinated phenols, especially those derived by para-chlorination of phenol, ortho-cresol, meta-cresol, and meta-xylenol, are of significant commercial importance, but chlorination reactions of such phenols are not always as regioselective as would be desirable. We, therefore, undertook the challenge of developing suitable catalysts that might promote greater regioselectivity under conditions that might still be applicable for the commercial manufacture of products on a large scale. In this review, we chart our progress in this endeavour from early studies involving inorganic solids as potential catalysts, through the use of simple dialkyl sulphides, which were effective but unsuitable for commercial application, and through a variety of other types of sulphur compounds, to the eventual identification of particular poly(alkylene sulphide)s as very useful catalysts. When used in conjunction with a Lewis acid such as aluminium or ferric chloride as an activator, and with sulphuryl chloride as the reagent, quantitative yields of chlorophenols can be obtained with very high regioselectivity in the presence of tiny amounts of the polymeric sulphides, usually in solvent-free conditions (unless the phenol starting material is solid at temperatures even above about 50 °C). Notably, poly(alkylene sulphide)s containing longer spacer groups are particularly para-selective in the chlorination of m-cresol and m-xylenol, while, ones with shorter spacers are particularly para-selective in the chlorination of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, and o-cresol. Such chlorination processes result in some of the highest para/ortho ratios reported for the chlorination of phenols.
Collapse
|
4
|
Raskolupova VI, Popova TV, Zakharova OD, Nikotina AE, Abramova TV, Silnikov VN. Human Serum Albumin Labelling with a New BODIPY Dye Having a Large Stokes Shift. Molecules 2021; 26:2679. [PMID: 34063643 PMCID: PMC8124464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BODIPY dyes are photostable neutral derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene. These are widely used as chemosensors, laser materials, and molecular probes. At the same time, BODIPY dyes have small or moderate Stokes shifts like most other fluorophores. Large Stokes shifts are preferred for fluorophores because of higher sensitivity of such probes and sensors. The new boron containing BODIPY dye was designed and synthesized. We succeeded to perform an annulation of pyrrole ring with coumarin heterocyclic system and achieved a remarkable difference in absorption and emission maximum of obtained fluorophore up to 100 nm. This BODIPY dye was equipped with linker arm and was functionalized with a maleimide residue specifically reactive towards thiol groups of proteins. BODIPY residue equipped with a suitable targeting protein core can be used as a suitable imaging probe and agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). As the most abundant protein with a variety of physiological functions, human serum albumin (HSA) has been used extensively for the delivery and improvement of therapeutic molecules. Thiolactone chemistry provides a powerful tool to prepare albumin-based multimodal constructions. The released sulfhydryl groups of the homocysteine functional handle in thiolactone modified HSA were labeled with BODIPY dye to prepare a labeled albumin-BODIPY dye conjugate confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, UV-vis, and fluorescent emission spectra. Cytotoxicity of the resulting conjugate was investigated. This study is the basis for a novel BODIPY dye-albumin theranostic for BNCT. The results provide further impetus to develop derivatives of HSA for delivery of boron to cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria I. Raskolupova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrent’ev Ave, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.I.R.); (T.V.P.); (O.D.Z.); (A.E.N.); (V.N.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrent’ev Ave, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.I.R.); (T.V.P.); (O.D.Z.); (A.E.N.); (V.N.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga D. Zakharova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrent’ev Ave, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.I.R.); (T.V.P.); (O.D.Z.); (A.E.N.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Anastasia E. Nikotina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrent’ev Ave, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.I.R.); (T.V.P.); (O.D.Z.); (A.E.N.); (V.N.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Abramova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrent’ev Ave, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.I.R.); (T.V.P.); (O.D.Z.); (A.E.N.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Vladimir N. Silnikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrent’ev Ave, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.I.R.); (T.V.P.); (O.D.Z.); (A.E.N.); (V.N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nikishin GI, Kapustina NI, Sokova LL, Bityukov OV, Terent'ev AO. H2O2/HCl system: Oxidation-chlorination of secondary alcohols to α,α′-dichloro ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Smith K, Hegazy AS, El-Hiti GA. para-Selective chlorination of cresols and m-xylenol using sulfuryl chloride in the presence of poly(alkylene sulfide)s. J Sulphur Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2020.1740226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amany S. Hegazy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhakal R, Li X, Parkin SR, Lehmler HJ. Synthesis of mono- and dimethoxylated polychlorinated biphenyl derivatives starting from fluoroarene derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8905-8925. [PMID: 31893358 PMCID: PMC7098850 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental pollutants implicated in a variety of adverse health effects, including cancer and noncancer diseases in animals and humans. PCBs are metabolized to hydroxylated compounds, and some of these PCB metabolites are more toxic than the parent PCBs. Unfortunately, most PCB metabolites needed for toxicological studies are not available from commercial sources. Moreover, it is challenging to synthesize PCB metabolites because starting materials with suitable substitution patterns are not readily available. Here, we report the novel synthesis of a variety of mono- and dimethoxyarene derivatives from commercially available fluoroarenes via nucleophilic aromatic substitution with sodium methoxide. This reaction provided good to excellent yields of the desired methoxylated products. Suzuki coupling of selected mono- and dimethoxy haloarenes with chlorinated phenylboronic acids yielded methoxylated derivatives of PCB 11, 12, 25, 35, and 36 in low to good yields. Crystal structures of 3,3'-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl and 3',5-dichloro-2,3-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl confirmed the substitution pattern of both compounds. This synthesis strategy provides straightforward access to a range of mono- and dimethoxylated PCB derivatives that were not readily accessible previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Dhakal
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, University of Iowa Research Park, #221 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, University of Iowa Research Park, #221 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, University of Iowa Research Park, #221 IREH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith K, Hegazy AS, El-Hiti GA. The use of polymeric sulfides as catalysts for the para-regioselective chlorination of phenol and 2-chlorophenol. J Sulphur Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2019.1688815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amany S. Hegazy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith K, Williams D, El-Hiti GA. Regioselective chlorination of phenols in the presence of tetrahydrothiopyran derivatives. J Sulphur Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2019.1620230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Des Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|