1
|
Gang GW, Lee JH, Kim SY, Jeong T, Bin Kim K, Thi Hong Men N, Kim YR, Ahn SJ, Kim CS, Kim YH. Microstructural evolution in self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires during in-situ TEM study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:145709. [PMID: 33326944 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microstructural evolutions in self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires (NWs) were investigated by using in situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological changes of the self-catalyst metal gallium (Ga) droplet, the GaAs NWs, and the atomic behavior at the interface between the self-catalyst metal gallium and GaAs NWs were carefully studied by analysis of high-resolution TEM images. The microstructural change of the Ga-droplet/GaAs-NWs started at a low temperature of ∼200 °C. Formation and destruction of atomic layers were observed at the Ga/GaAs interface and slow depletion of the Ga droplet was detected in the temperature range investigated. Above 300 °C, the evolution process dramatically changed with time: The Ga droplet depleted rapidly and fast growth of zinc-blende (ZB) GaAs structures were observed in the droplet. The Ga droplet was completely removed with time and temperature. When the temperature reached ∼600 °C, the decomposition of GaAs was detected. This process began in the wurtzite (WZ) structure and propagated to the ZB structure. The morphological and atomistic behaviors in self-catalyzed GaAs NWs were demonstrated based on thermodynamic considerations, in addition to the effect of the incident electron beam in TEM. Finally, GaAs decomposition was demonstrated in terms of congruent vaporization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geun Won Gang
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeon Jeong
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Men
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ra Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jung Ahn
- Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Soo Kim
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 101 Soho-ro, Jinju 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Heon Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi S, Lee J, Pin M, Kwon JH, Kim I, Yeom MS, Kim CS, Lee HS, Ahn SJ, Yi SH, Kim YH. Anisotropic atomistic evolution during the sublimation of polar InAs nanowires. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6685-6692. [PMID: 30900707 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sublimation is an interesting phenomenon that is frequently observed in nature. The thermal behavior of InAs NWs with As-face polarity and the [1[combining macron]1[combining macron]1[combining macron]] growth direction of the zinc blende structure were studied by using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, the anisotropic morphological and atomistic evolution of InAs nanowires (NWs) was observed during decomposition. Two specific phenomena were observed during the continuous heating of the NWs as observed using the TEM: the decomposition of the InAs NWs around 380 °C, much lower than the melting temperature, and the formation of particular crystallographic facets during decomposition. The low decomposition temperature is related to vaporization under the vacuum conditions of the TEM. The anisotropic decomposition of the InAs NWs during heating can be explained based on the polarity and the surface energy difference of the zinc blende structure of InAs. For example, the decomposition along the [111] direction (that is, the indium-atom-terminated plane) was continuous, resulting in a few high-index planes, for example, (022), (3[combining macron]1[combining macron]1[combining macron]), and (200), whereas that in the opposite direction (the [1[combining macron]1[combining macron]1[combining macron]] direction) occurred abruptly with the formation of ledges and steps on the (1[combining macron]1[combining macron]1[combining macron]) planes, accompanied by the generation of small grooves on the surface of the NWs. Finally, density functional theory calculations were conducted to understand the sublimation of the InAs NWs from a theoretical point of view. This study is meaningful that it provides an insight into the microstructural evolution of polar nanomaterials during heating by theoretical and experimental approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suji Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee JH, Choi SJ, Kwon JH, Van Lam D, Lee SM, Kim AS, Baik HS, Ahn SJ, Hong SG, Yun YJ, Kim YH. Abnormal elastic modulus behavior in a crystalline–amorphous core–shell nanowire system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16276-16284. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the elastic modulus behavior of crystalline InAs/amorphous Al2O3 core–shell heterostructured NWs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy A, Mead J, Wang S, Huang H. Effects of surface defects on the mechanical properties of ZnO nanowires. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9547. [PMID: 28842690 PMCID: PMC5573326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic modulus of ZnO nanowires was measured using a resonance method based on laser Doppler effect and their fracture strains were determined via two-point bending with the aid of optical nanomanipulation. The elastic moduli of ZnO nanowires with diameters of 78 to 310 nm vary from 123 to 154 GPa, which are close to the bulk value of 140 GPa and independent of the diameters and surface defects. However, the fracture strains of the ZnO nanowires depend significantly on their diameters, increasing from 2.1% to 6.0% with the decrease in diameter from 316 to 114 nm. Post-mortem TEM analysis of the ends of the fractured nanowires revealed that fracture initiated at surface defects. The Weibull statistical analysis demonstrated that a greater defect depth led to a smaller fracture strain. The surface-defect dominated fracture should be an important consideration for the design and application of nanowire-based nanoelectromechanical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Mead
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shiliang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Han Huang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|