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Aly K, Muhuri AK, Bradford PD. Fabrication of scalable, aligned and low density carbon nanotube/silicon carbide hybrid foams by polysilazane infiltration and pyrolysis. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Aly K, Lubna M, Bradford PD. Low density, three-dimensionally interconnected carbon nanotube/silicon carbide nanocomposites for thermal protection applications. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lu J, Li Y, Song W, Losego MD, Monikandan R, Jacob KI, Xiao R. Atomic Layer Deposition onto Thermoplastic Polymeric Nanofibrous Aerogel Templates for Tailored Surface Properties. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7999-8011. [PMID: 32644796 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (EVOH) nanofibrous aerogel (NFA) templates were fabricated through vacuum freeze-drying from EVOH nanofibrous suspensions. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers were deposited onto highly porous templates to form organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Chemical and physical measurements showed that mechanical properties were improved through ALD. In addition, the surface chemistry of ALD modified aerogels showed a fascinating cyclic change based on the number of ALD deposition cycles. A transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity was observed after a few cycles of ALD coating; however, additional deposition cycles changed the wettability characteristics back to hydrophilicity. This hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic variation is shown to be governed by a combination of geometrical and chemical surface properties. Furthermore, the deposited Al2O3 could substantially improve aerogels strength and reduce permanent deformation after cyclic compression. The Young's modulus of aerogels increased from 5.54 to 33.27 kPa, and the maximum stress at 80% strain went up from 31.13 to 176.11 kPa, after 100 cycles of trimethyl-aluminum (TMA)/water ALD. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirm that ALD can effectively improve the heat resistance characteristics of polymeric aerogel. The onset temperature and the residual mass increased with increasing numbers of ALD cycles. During pyrolysis, the nanofiber cores were decomposed, and the brittle pure Al2O3 self-supporting nanotube aerogels with the continuous hollow nanotubular network were formed. A coating of continuous thickness Al2O3 layer on individual nanofiber was achieved after 100 ALD cycles. In additional to mechanical strength and physical property changes, the ALD modified aerogel also shows a superhydrophobic and oleophilic surface chemistry, which could potentially be used to remove oils/organic solvents from water. The resultant aerogels exhibit excellent absorption capacity (31-73 g/g) for various liquids, and the material could be reused after distillation or squeezing. A successful scale-up of such materials could provide some insights into the design and development of thermoplastic polymeric NFAs with substantial industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- The Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mark D Losego
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rebhadevi Monikandan
- Materials Characterization Facility, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Karl I Jacob
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- The Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Park SJ, Shin J, Magagnosc DJ, Kim S, Cao C, Turner KT, Purohit PK, Gianola DS, Hart AJ. Strong, Ultralight Nanofoams with Extreme Recovery and Dissipation by Manipulation of Internal Adhesive Contacts. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8383-8391. [PMID: 32348120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional nanofabrication techniques have enabled the development of lightweight solids, such as hollow nanolattices, having record values of specific stiffness and strength, albeit at low production throughput. At the length scales of the structural elements of these solids-which are often tens of nanometers or smaller-forces required for elastic deformation can be comparable to adhesive forces, rendering the possibility to tailor bulk mechanical properties based on the relative balance of these forces. Herein, we study this interplay via the mechanics of ultralight ceramic-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) structures. We show that ceramic-CNT foams surpass other architected nanomaterials in density-normalized strength and that, when the structures are designed to minimize internal adhesive interactions between CNTs, more than 97% of the strain after compression beyond densification is recovered. Via experiments and modeling, we study the dependence of the recovery and dissipation on the coating thickness, demonstrate that internal adhesive contacts impede recovery, and identify design guidelines for ultralight materials to have maximum recovery. The combination of high recovery and dissipation in ceramic-CNT foams may be useful in structural damping and shock absorption, and the general principles could be broadly applied to both architected and stochastic nanofoams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Jin Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Jungho Shin
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Daniel J Magagnosc
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Changhong Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin T Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Prashant K Purohit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel S Gianola
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Zhong Y, Shao G, Wu X, Kong Y, Wang X, Cui S, Shen X. Robust monolithic polymer(resorcinol-formaldehyde) reinforced alumina aerogel composites with mutually interpenetrating networks. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22942-22949. [PMID: 35514471 PMCID: PMC9067250 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolithic polymer(resorcinol-formaldehyde) reinforced alumina (RF/Al2O3) aerogel composites were prepared using a sol–gel method and supercritical fluid CO2 drying. The formation mechanism, chemical compositions, pore structures, morphologies, thermal and mechanical performances of RF/Al2O3 aerogel composites with different RF/Al molar ratios were investigated. The results show that the two networks of organic resorcinol-formaldehyde and inorganic alumina are completely independent of one another. The as-synthesized RF/Al2O3 aerogels consist of spherical organic carbon particles and fibrous alumina, which possess low bulk density (0.077–0.112 g cm−3), low shrinkage (1.55–2.76%), low thermal conductivity (0.024–0.028 W m−1 K−1), and high specific surface area (453.26–722.75 m2 g−1). Especially, the sample prepared with molar ratio RF/Al = 1 shows the best network structure with the higher compressive strength (1.83 MPa) and Young's modulus (122.57 MPa). The resulting robust RF/Al2O3 aerogel composites could be potentially used as thermal insulators, catalysts and adsorbents. Monolithic polymer(resorcinol-formaldehyde) reinforced alumina (RF/Al2O3) aerogel composites were prepared using a sol–gel method and supercritical fluid CO2 drying.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 PR China .,Suqian Advanced Materials Institute of Nanjing Tech University Suqian 223800 PR China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Gaofeng Shao
- Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin 10623 Germany
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Yong Kong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 PR China .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 PR China .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing 210009 PR China
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 PR China .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing 210009 PR China
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Faraji S, Stano K, Akyildiz H, Yildiz O, Jur JS, Bradford PD. Modifying the morphology and properties of aligned CNT foams through secondary CNT growth. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:295602. [PMID: 29697060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac03c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report for the first time, growth of secondary carbon nanotubes (CNTs) throughout a three-dimensional assembly of CNTs. The assembly of nanotubes was in the form of aligned CNT/carbon (ACNT/C) foams. These low-density CNT foams were conformally coated with an alumina buffer layer using atomic layer deposition. Chemical vapor deposition was further used to grow new CNTs. The CNT foam's extremely high porosity allowed for growth of secondary CNTs inside the bulk of the foams. Due to the heavy growth of new nanotubes, density of the foams increased more than 2.5 times. Secondary nanotubes had the same graphitic quality as the primary CNTs. Microscopy and chemical analysis revealed that the thickness of the buffer layer affected the diameter, nucleation density as well as growth uniformity across the thickness of the foams. The effects of secondary nanotubes on the compressive mechanical properties of the foams was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Faraji
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8301, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
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