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Lv Y, Chang J, Zhang W, Dong H, Chen S, Wang X, Zhao A, Zhang S, Alam MA, Wang S, Du C, Xu J, Wang W, Xu P. Improving Microbial Cell Factory Performance by Engineering SAM Availability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3846-3871. [PMID: 38372640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Methylated natural products are widely spread in nature. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the secondary abundant cofactor and the primary methyl donor, which confer natural products with structural and functional diversification. The increasing demand for SAM-dependent natural products (SdNPs) has motivated the development of microbial cell factories (MCFs) for sustainable and efficient SdNP production. Insufficient and unsustainable SAM availability hinders the improvement of SdNP MCF performance. From the perspective of developing MCF, this review summarized recent understanding of de novo SAM biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism. SAM is just the methyl mediator but not the original methyl source. Effective and sustainable methyl source supply is critical for efficient SdNP production. We compared and discussed the innate and relatively less explored alternative methyl sources and identified the one involving cheap one-carbon compound as more promising. The SAM biosynthesis is synergistically regulated on multilevels and is tightly connected with ATP and NAD(P)H pools. We also covered the recent advancement of metabolic engineering in improving intracellular SAM availability and SdNP production. Dynamic regulation is a promising strategy to achieve accurate and dynamic fine-tuning of intracellular SAM pool size. Finally, we discussed the design and engineering constraints underlying construction of SAM-responsive genetic circuits and envisioned their future applications in developing SdNP MCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinmian Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, 678 Tianchen Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Hanyu Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Song Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaojun Du
- Nanyang Research Institute of Zhengzhou University, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80 Changjiang Road, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weigao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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2
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Wang S, Jiang W, Jin X, Qi Q, Liang Q. Genetically encoded ATP and NAD(P)H biosensors: potential tools in metabolic engineering. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1211-1225. [PMID: 36130803 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To date, many metabolic engineering tools and strategies have been developed, including tools for cofactor engineering, which is a common strategy for bioproduct synthesis. Cofactor engineering is used for the regulation of pyridine nucleotides, including NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+, and adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP), which is crucial for maintaining redox and energy balance. However, the intracellular levels of NADH/NAD+, NADPH/NADP+, and ATP/ADP cannot be monitored in real time using traditional methods. Recently, many biosensors for detecting, monitoring, and regulating the intracellular levels of NADH/NAD+, NADPH/NADP+, and ATP/ADP have been developed. Although cofactor biosensors have been mainly developed for use in mammalian cells, the potential application of cofactor biosensors in metabolic engineering in bacterial and yeast cells has received recent attention. Coupling cofactor biosensors with genetic circuits is a promising strategy in metabolic engineering for optimizing the production of biochemicals. In this review, we focus on the development of biosensors for NADH/NAD+, NADPH/NADP+, and ATP/ADP and the potential application of these biosensors in metabolic engineering. We also provide critical perspectives, identify current research challenges, and provide guidance for future research in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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3
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Fu X, Zuo X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Lu W. Characterization and designing of an SAM riboswitch to establish a high-throughput screening platform for SAM overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3622-3637. [PMID: 37691180 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl- l-methionine (SAM) is a high-value compound widely used in the treatment of various diseases. SAM can be produced through fermentation, but further enhancing the microbial production of SAM requires novel high-throughput screening methods for rapid detection and screening of mutant libraries. In this work, an SAM-OFF riboswitch capable of responding to the SAM concentration was obtained and a high-throughput platform for screening SAM overproducers was established. SAM synthase was engineered by semirational design and directed evolution, which resulted in the SAM2S203F,W164R,T251S,Y285F,S365R mutant with almost twice higher catalytic activity than the parental enzyme. The best mutant was then introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, and the resulting strain BSM8 produced a sevenfold higher SAM titer in shake-flask fermentation, reaching 1.25 g L-1 . This work provides a reference for designing biosensors to dynamically detect metabolite concentrations for high-throughput screening and the construction of effective microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoru Zuo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huizhi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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4
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Guo Y, Zhu Z, Lv J, Li Y, Chen J, Cheng X, Li N, Liu J. Irreversible biosynthesis of D-allulose from D-glucose in Escherichia coli through fine-tuning of carbon flux and cofactor regeneration engineering. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37050847 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a rare hexose with low calories and various physiological functions, d-allulose has drawn increasing attention. The current industrial production of d-allulose from d-fructose or d-glucose is achieved via epimerization based on the Izumoring strategy; however, the inherent reaction equilibrium during reversible reaction limits its high conversion yield. Although the conversion of d-fructose to d-allulose could be enhanced via phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mediated by metabolic engineering, biomass reduction and byproduct accumulation remain a largely unresolved issue. RESULTS After modifying the glycolytic pathway of Escherichia coli and optimizing the whole-cell reaction condition, the engineered strain produced 7.57 ± 0.61 g L-1 d-allulose from 30 g L-1 d-glucose after 24 h of catalysis. By developing an ATP regeneration system for enhanced substrate phosphorylation, the cell growth inhibition was alleviated and d-allulose production increased by 55.3% to 11.76 ± 0.58 g L-1 (0.53 g g-1 ). Fine-tuning of carbon flux caused a 48% reduction in d-fructose accumulation to 1.47 ± 0.15 g L-1 . After implementing fed-batch co-substrate strategy, the d-allulose titer reached 15.80 ± 0.31 g L-1 (0.62 g g-1 ) with a d-glucose conversion rate of 84.8%. CONCLUSION The present study reports a novel strategy for high-yield d-allulose production from low-cost substrate. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yumei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Longzhou, China
| | - Xiyao Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Chen Y, Zheng H, Yang J, Cao Y, Zhou H. Development of a synthetic transcription factor-based S-adenosylmethionine biosensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:255-262. [PMID: 36550338 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a crucial small-molecule metabolite widely used in food and medicine. The development of high-throughput biosensors for SAM biosynthesis can significantly improve the titer of SAM. This paper constructed a synthetic transcription factor (TF)-based biosensor for SAM detecting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synthetic TF, named MetJ-hER-VP16, consists of an Escherichia coli-derived DNA-binding domain MetJ, GS linker, the human estrogen receptor binding domain hER, and the viral activation domain VP16. The synthetic biosensor is capable of sensing SAM in a dose-dependent manner with fluorescence as the output. Additionally, it is tightly regulated by the inducer SAM and β-estradiol, which means that the fluorescence output is only available when both are present together. The synthetic SAM biosensor could potentially be applied for high-throughput metabolic engineering and is expected to improve SAM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijie Zheng
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Cao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Zhou
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
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Sun Y, Zhang T, Lu B, Li X, Jiang L. Application of cofactors in the regulation of microbial metabolism: A state of the art review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1145784. [PMID: 37113222 PMCID: PMC10126289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofactors are crucial chemicals that maintain cellular redox balance and drive the cell to do synthetic and catabolic reactions. They are involved in practically all enzymatic activities that occur in live cells. It has been a hot research topic in recent years to manage their concentrations and forms in microbial cells by using appropriate techniques to obtain more high-quality target products. In this review, we first summarize the physiological functions of common cofactors, and give a brief overview of common cofactors acetyl coenzyme A, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+, and ATP/ADP; then we provide a detailed introduction of intracellular cofactor regeneration pathways, review the regulation of cofactor forms and concentrations by molecular biological means, and review the existing regulatory strategies of microbial cellular cofactors and their application progress, to maximize and rapidly direct the metabolic flux to target metabolites. Finally, we speculate on the future of cofactor engineering applications in cell factories. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Beeding of Anhui Province, College of Biologic and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangfei Li,
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Sun Q, Gao S, Yu S, Zheng P, Zhou J. Production of (2S)-sakuranetin from (2S)-naringenin in Escherichia coli by strengthening methylation process and cell resistance. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1117-1125. [PMID: 36017331 PMCID: PMC9399173 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(2S)-Sakuranetin is a 7-O-methylflavonoid that has anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. Methylation process is involved in biosynthesizing (2S)-sakuranetin from (2S)-naringenin, in which S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as the methyl donor. In this study, after methyl donor and substrate inhibition were identified as limiting factors for (2S)-sakuranetin biosynthesis, an efficient (2S)-sakuranetin-producing strain was constructed by enhancing methyl donor supply and cell tolerance to (2S)-naringenin. Firstly, PfOMT3 from Perilla frutescens was selected as the optimal flavonoid 7-O-methyltransferase (F7-OMT) for the conversion of (2S)-naringenin to (2S)-sakuranetin. Then, the methylation process was upregulated by regulating pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) content, key enzymes in methionine synthesis pathway, and the availability of ATP. Furthermore, genes that can enhance cell resistance to (2S)-naringenin were identified from molecular chaperones and sRNAs. Finally, by optimizing the fermentation process, 681.44 mg/L of (2S)-sakuranetin was obtained in 250-mL shake flasks. The titer of (2S)-sakuranetin reached 2642.38 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor, which is the highest titer ever reported. This work demonstrates the importance of cofactor PLP in methylation process, and provides insights to biosynthesize other O-methylated flavonoids efficiently in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumeng Sun
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Corresponding author. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Corresponding author. Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Liu Q, Lin B, Tao Y. Improved methylation in E. coli via an efficient methyl supply system driven by betaine. Metab Eng 2022; 72:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Liu T, Liu B, Zhou H, Zhang J. Knockout of the DAS gene increases S-adenosylmethionine production in Komagataella phaffii. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1837012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hualan Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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10
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Enhanced glutathione production by bifunctional enzyme coupling with ydaO-based ATP regulating system in Escherichia coli. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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11
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Man Z, Guo J, Zhang Y, Cai Z. Regulation of intracellular ATP supply and its application in industrial biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1151-1162. [PMID: 32862717 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1813071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient cell factories are the core of industrial biotechnology. In recent years, synthetic biology develops rapidly, and more and more modified microbial cell factories are employed in industrial biotechnology. ATP plays vital roles in biosynthesis, metabolism regulation, and cellular maintenance. Regulating cellular ATP supply can effectively modify cellular metabolism. This paper presents a review of recent studies on the regulation of the intracellular ATP supply and its application in industrial biotechnology. Detailed strategies for regulating the ATP supply and the resulting impact on bioproduction are introduced. It is observed that regulating the cellular ATP supply can provide great possibilities for making microbial cells into efficient factories. Future perspectives for further understanding the function of ATP are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Man
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Zaozhuang Key Laboratory of Corn Bioengineering, Zaozhuang Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Enzyme, Shandong Hengren Gongmao Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yingyang Zhang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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Chen YW, Liao Y, Kong WZ, Wang SH. ATP dynamic regeneration strategy for enhancing co-production of glutathione and S-adenosylmethionine in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2581-2587. [PMID: 32808198 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In general, a sufficient supply of ATP can promote the synthesis of ATP-driven metabolites, but excessive ATP will lead to the inhibition of cell growth. For enhancing the co-production of glutathione(GSH) and S-adenosylmethionine(SAM), a dynamic ATP regeneration strategy was developed. RESULTS The novel ATP regeneration strategy consisting of ATP-sensing riboswitch ydaO motif, polyphosphate kinase (PPK), and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) was successfully applied in Escherichia coli. The intracellular ATP level was always around 0.60 mg/g dry cell weight during the fermentation process, resulting in significantly enhanced co-production of GSH and SAM. The GSH titer and SAM titer in the strain CGS-2 increased by 137.40% and 82.18% after fermentation for 24 h, compared with the control strain. CONCLUSIONS The ATP regulation strategy is expected to be a favorable tool to improve the efficiency of microbial cell factories. The proposed ATP dynamic regeneration approach may be applicable for cost-effective, high-yield production of ATP-driven metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Liao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhen Kong
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Han Wang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2551-2571. [PMID: 32274875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism - yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno-elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new-to-nature molecules, such as organohalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Li G, Li H, Tan Y, Hao N, Yang X, Chen K, Ouyang P. Improved S-adenosyl-l-methionine production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using tofu yellow serofluid. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:100-106. [PMID: 31926980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) has been attracting increasing attention because of its significance in the pharmaceutical industry; however, the high cost of this compound limits its application. Tofu yellow serofluid exhibits high nutritional value and is not costly; therefore, it can be utilized as a substrate in the fermentation industry. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured in the tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium for the SAM biosynthesis. The optimum tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium contained 70 g/L of glucose, 30 % of yellow serofluid, 20 g/L of l-methionine, and 2.5 g/L of ammonium citrate. Under these conditions, the optimum feeding strategy was established. The results revealed that the dry cell weight (DCW) reached 123.1 g/L, the maximum production of SAM was 16.14 g/L, the highest SAM productivity reached 1.048 g/L/h, and SAM content was determined at 131.1 mg/g DCW. Furthermore, addition of tofu yellow serofluid reduced the average cost of SAM by 31.9 % to compare with the culture process without addition of tofu yellow serofluid. Thus, the tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium improved the production of SAM and significantly reduced the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganlu Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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15
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Chen R, Yang S, Zhang L, Zhou YJ. Advanced Strategies for Production of Natural Products in Yeast. iScience 2020; 23:100879. [PMID: 32087574 PMCID: PMC7033514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products account for more than 50% of all small-molecule pharmaceutical agents currently in clinical use. However, low availability often becomes problematic when a bioactive natural product is promising to become a pharmaceutical or leading compound. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering provide a feasible solution for sustainable supply of these compounds. In this review, we have summarized current progress in engineering yeast cell factories for production of natural products, including terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We then discuss advanced strategies in metabolic engineering at three different dimensions, including point, line, and plane (corresponding to the individual enzymes and cofactors, metabolic pathways, and the global cellular network). In particular, we comprehensively discuss how to engineer cofactor biosynthesis for enhancing the biosynthesis efficiency, other than the enzyme activity. Finally, current challenges and perspective are also discussed for future engineering direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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16
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Morris JS, Groves RA, Hagel JM, Facchini PJ. An N-methyltransferase from Ephedra sinica catalyzing the formation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine enables microbial phenylalkylamine production. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13364-13376. [PMID: 29929980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalkylamines, such as the plant compounds ephedrine and pseudoephedrine and the animal neurotransmitters dopamine and adrenaline, compose a large class of natural and synthetic molecules with important physiological functions and pharmaceutically valuable bioactivities. The final steps of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine biosynthesis in members of the plant genus Ephedra involve N-methylation of norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine, respectively. Here, using a plant transcriptome screen, we report the isolation and characterization of an N-methyltransferase (NMT) from Ephedra sinica able to catalyze the formation of (pseudo)ephedrine and other naturally occurring phenylalkylamines, including N-methylcathinone and N-methyl(pseudo)ephedrine. Phenylalkylamine N-methyltransferase (PaNMT) shares substantial amino acid sequence identity with enzymes of the NMT family involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) metabolism in members of the higher plant order Ranunculales, which includes opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). PaNMT accepted a broad range of substrates with phenylalkylamine, tryptamine, β-carboline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, and BIA structural scaffolds, which is in contrast to the specificity for BIA substrates of NMT enzymes within the Ranunculales. PaNMT transcript levels were highest in young shoots of E. sinica, which corresponded to the location of NMT activity yielding (pseudo)ephedrine, N-methylcathinone, and N-methyl(pseudo)ephedrine, and with in planta accumulation of phenylalkylamines. Co-expression of recombinant genes encoding PaNMT and an ω-transaminase (PP2799) from Pseudomonas putida in Escherichia coli enabled the conversion of exogenous (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) and (S)-PAC to ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, respectively. Our work further demonstrates the utility of plant biochemical genomics for the isolation of key enzymes that facilitate microbial engineering for the production of medicinally important metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Morris
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ryan A Groves
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jillian M Hagel
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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17
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Chen Y, Tan T. Enhanced S-Adenosylmethionine Production by Increasing ATP Levels in Baker's Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5200-5209. [PMID: 29722539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), ATP functions as both a precursor and a driving force. However, few published reports have dealt with the control of ATP concentration using genetic design. In this study we have adopted a new ATP regulation strategy in yeast for enhancing SAM biosynthesis, including altering NADH availability and regulating the oxygen supply. Different ATP regulation systems were designed based on the introduction of water-forming NADH oxidase, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin, and phosphite dehydrogenase in combination with overexpression of the gene SAM2. Via application of this strategy, after 28 h cultivation, the SAM titer in the yeast strain ABYSM-2 reached a maximum level close to 55 mg/L, an increase of 67% compared to the control strain. The results show that the ATP regulation strategy is a valuable tool for SAM production and might further enhance the synthesis of other ATP-driven metabolites in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang 471023 , P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
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