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Ravichandiran P, Martyna A, Kochanowicz E, Maroli N, Kubiński K, Masłyk M, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Ramesh T. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400495. [PMID: 39136593 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
A novel library of naphthoquinone derivatives (3-5 aa) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer properties. Specifically, compounds 5 i, 5 l, 5 o, 5 q, 5 r, 5 s, 5 t, and 5 v demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines that were studied. All the studied compounds exhibited a higher selectivity index (SI) and a favourable safety profile than the standard drug doxorubicin. Notably, compound 5 v displayed a greater cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells (IC50=1.2 μM, and 0.9 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively) compared to the standard drug doxorubicin (IC50=2.4 μM, and 2.1 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively). To further investigate the mechanism of cytotoxic effect, additional anticancer studies were conducted with 5 v in MCF-7 cells. The studies are including morphological changes, AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) double staining, apoptosis analysis, cell colony assay, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. The findings showed that 5 v triggered cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 cells through the initiation of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and necrosis. In vivo ecotoxicity studies indicated that 5 v had lower toxicity towards zebrafish larvae (LC50=50.15 μM) and had an insignificant impact on cardiac functions. In vivo xenotransplantation of MCF-7 cells in zebrafish larvae demonstrated a significant reduction in tumour volume in the xenograft. Approximately 95 % of the zebrafish larvae with 5 v xenografts survived after 10 days of the treatment. Finally, a computational modelling study was conducted on four protein receptors, namely ER, EFGR, BRCA1, and VEFGR2. The findings highlight the importance of the aminonaphthoquinone moiety, amide linkage, and propyl thio moiety in enhancing the anticancer properties. 5 v exhibited superior drug-likeness features and docking scores (-9.1, -7.1, -8.9, and -10.9 kcal/mol) compared to doxorubicin (-7.2, -6.1, -6.9, and -7.3 kcal/mol) against ER, EFGR, BRCA1, and VEGFR2 receptors, respectively. Therefore, the notable antitumor effects of naphthoquinone derivatives (3-5 aa) suggest that these molecular frameworks may play a role in the development of promising anticancer agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Ravichandiran
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Analytical, HP Green R & D Centre, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, KIADB Industrial Area, Devangundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562114, India
| | - Aleksandra Martyna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kochanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Nikhil Maroli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Konrad Kubiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Chodźki 4 A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Sankara CS, Namboothiri INN. Hauser-Kraus Annulation Initiated Multi-Cascade Reactions for Facile Access to Functionalized and Fused Oxazepines, Carbazoles and Phenanthridinediones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303517. [PMID: 37946675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hauser-Kraus (H-K) annulation of N-unsubstituted 3-olefinic oxindoles with 3-nucleophilic phthalides triggers a cascade of ring expansion and ring contraction reactions through several regioselective steps in one pot. While oxazepines were isolated in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of base at room temperature, carbazoles and phenanthridinediones were the products in the presence of excess base and microwave irradiation. Mechanistic studies guided by stepwise reactions and control experiments revealed that the isolable oxazepine intermediate, formed via ring expansion of the H-K adduct, is the key precursor to carbazole and phenanthridinedione via decarboxylative regioselective cyclizations.
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Benites J, Valderrama JA, Contreras Á, Enríquez C, Pino-Rios R, Yáñez O, Buc Calderon P. Discovery of New 2-Phenylamino-3-acyl-1,4-naphthoquinones as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Proliferation: Searching for Intra-Cellular Targets Playing a Role in Cancer Cells Survival. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114323. [PMID: 37298798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylamino-3-acyl-1,4-naphtoquinones were evaluated regarding their in vitro antiproliferative activities using DU-145, MCF-7 and T24 cancer cells. Such activities were discussed in terms of molecular descriptors such as half-wave potentials, hydrophobicity and molar refractivity. Compounds 4 and 11 displayed the highest antiproliferative activity against the three cancer cells and were therefore further investigated. The in silico prediction of drug likeness, using pkCSM and SwissADME explorer online, shows that compound 11 is a suitable lead molecule to be developed. Moreover, the expressions of key genes were studied in DU-145 cancer cells. They include genes involved in apoptosis (Bcl-2), tumor metabolism regulation (mTOR), redox homeostasis (GSR), cell cycle regulation (CDC25A), cell cycle progression (TP53), epigenetic (HDAC4), cell-cell communication (CCN2) and inflammatory pathways (TNF). Compound 11 displays an interesting profile because among these genes, mTOR was significantly less expressed as compared to control conditions. Molecular docking shows that compound 11 has good affinity with mTOR, unraveling a potential inhibitory effect on this protein. Due to the key role of mTOR on tumor metabolism, we suggest that impaired DU-145 cells proliferation by compound 11 is caused by a reduced mTOR expression (less mTOR protein) and inhibitory activity on mTOR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Benites
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Jaime A Valderrama
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Álvaro Contreras
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Cinthya Enríquez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 73 Avenue E. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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On the Reaction of 2-Alkanoylnaphthohydroquinones with Hydroxylamine: Access to Cytotoxic 2-(Hydroxyamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone and Their 3-(Hydroxyimino)alkyl Analogous. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7664037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oximes are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Frequently, modification of biologically active carbonyl compounds into oximes leads to increased activity. The present study reports the reactivity of 2-alkanoylnaphthohydroquinones against hydroxylamine under aerial conditions. Results show that, depending on the structure of the hydroquinones, the reaction proceeds through two different chemical pathways to produce 2-(hydroxyamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone and their C-3 (hydroxyimino)alkyl derivatives. Both the formation of the quinoid compounds under aerial oxidation and C-C cleavage reactions of hemiaminal intermediates are discussed. In vitro screening of the substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones on a panel of cancer cells reveals moderate cytotoxic activities. Compound 19, 2-(hydroxyamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone, stands out by its anticancer potency against prostate cancer cells as shown by the lowest IC50 value (8.08 μM) and the best selectivity index (3.90).
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New 2-Acetyl-3-aminophenyl-1,4-naphthoquinones: Synthesis and In Vitro Antiproliferative Activities on Breast and Prostate Human Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8939716. [PMID: 33101594 PMCID: PMC7574025 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8939716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-acyl-1,4-naphthoquinones with N,N-dimethylaniline and 2,5-dimethoxyaniline, promoted by catalytic amounts of CeCl3·7H2O under “open-flask” conditions, produced a variety of 2-acyl-3-aminophenyl-1,4-naphthoquinones structurally related to the cytotoxic 2-acetyl-3-phenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, an inhibitor of the heat shock chaperone protein Hsp90. The members of the 2-acyl-3-aminophenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone series were isolated in good yields (63-98%). The cyclic voltammograms of the 2-acyl-3-aminophenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone exhibit two one-electron reduction waves to the corresponding radical-anion and dianion and two quasireversible oxidation peaks. The first and second half-wave potential values (E1/2) of the members of the series are sensitive to the push-pull electronic effects of the substituents in the naphthoquinone scaffold. Furthermore, the in vitro antiproliferative properties of these new quinones were evaluated on two human cancer cells DU-145 (prostate) and MCF-7 (mammary) and a nontumorigenic HEK-293 (kidney) cell line, using the MTT colorimetric method. Two members, within the series, exhibited interesting cytotoxic activities on human prostate and mammary cancer cells.
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7
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Ibacache JA, Valderrama JA, Faúndes J, Danimann A, Recio FJ, Zúñiga CA. Green Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Mono- and Dimers Derived from Phenylaminoisoquinolinequinones. Molecules 2019; 24:E4378. [PMID: 31801190 PMCID: PMC6930604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for new quinoid compounds endowed with potential anticancer activity, the synthesis of novel heterodimers containing the cytotoxic 7-phenylaminoisoquinolinequinone and 2-phenylaminonaphthoquinone pharmacophores, connected through methylene and ethylene spacers, is reported. The heterodimers were prepared from their respective isoquinoline and naphthoquinones and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl alkenes. The access to the target heterodimers and their corresponding monomers was performed both through oxidative amination reactions assisted by ultrasound and CeCl3·7H2O catalysis "in water". This eco-friendly procedure was successfully extended to the one-pot synthesis of homodimers derived from the 7-phenylaminoisoquinolinequinone pharmacophore. The electrochemical properties of the monomers and dimers were determined by cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The number of electrons transferred during the oxidation process, associated to the redox potential EI1/2, was determined by controlled potential coulometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Andrea Ibacache
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, casilla 40, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (J.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Jaime A. Valderrama
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Judith Faúndes
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, casilla 40, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (J.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Alex Danimann
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, casilla 40, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (J.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Francisco J. Recio
- Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Católica de Chile, casilla 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.J.R.); (C.A.Z.)
| | - César A. Zúñiga
- Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Católica de Chile, casilla 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.J.R.); (C.A.Z.)
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Benites J, Valderrama JA, Ramos M, Valenzuela M, Guerrero-Castilla A, Muccioli GG, Buc Calderon P. Half-Wave Potentials and In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of 3-Acylated 2,5- Bis(phenylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones on Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091780. [PMID: 31071970 PMCID: PMC6539005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A broad range of 3-acyl-2,5-bis(phenylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were synthesized and their voltammetric values, as well as in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicities, were assessed. The members of this series were prepared from acylbenzoquinones and phenylamines, in moderate to good yields (47–74%), through a procedure involving a sequence of two in situ regioselective oxidative amination reactions. The cyclic voltammograms of the aminoquinones exhibit two one-electron reduction waves to the corresponding radical-anion and dianion, and two quasi-reversible oxidation peaks. The first and second half-wave potential values (E1/2) of the members of the series were sensitive to the push-pull electronic effects of the substituents around the benzoquinone nucleus. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the 3-acyl-2,5-bis(phenylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones against human cancer cells (bladder and prostate) and non-tumor human embryonic kidney cells were measured using the MTT colorimetric method. The substitution of both aniline groups, by either methoxy (electron donating effect) or fluorine (electron withdrawal effect), decreased the cytotoxicity in the aminoquinones. Among the members of the unsubstituted phenylamino series, two of the 18 compounds showed interesting anti-cancer activities. A preliminary assay, looking for changes in the expression of selected genes, was performed. In this context, the two compounds increased TNF gene expression, suggesting an association with an inflammatory-like response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Benites
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Jaime A Valderrama
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Maryan Ramos
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Maudy Valenzuela
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Angélica Guerrero-Castilla
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids (BPBL), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 72 Avenue E. Mounier, BPBL 7201, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 73 Avenue E. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Ravichandiran P, Subramaniyan SA, Kim SY, Kim JS, Park BH, Shim KS, Yoo DJ. Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Containing a Phenylaminosulfanyl Moiety. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:532-544. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Ravichandiran
- Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakumar Allur Subramaniyan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute; 111-27, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 54810 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry; Chonbuk National University Medical School; Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
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Valderrama JA, Garrido J, Delgado V, Benites J, Theoduloz C. Access to New Cytotoxic Quinone-Amino Acid Conjugates Linked through A Vinylic Spacer from 2-Acylnaphthoquinones and Methyl 3-Aminocrotonate. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122281. [PMID: 29261169 PMCID: PMC6149812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 2-acetyl- and 2-benzoyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with (Z)-methyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)aminocrotonate proceeds through a formal [3+3] process to yield the corresponding 1,2-dihydrobenzisoquinolinequinones in 63% and 72% yield, respectively. The reactions of 2-acyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with enaminones, derived from diverse l- and d-amino acid methyl esters, produced the corresponding naphthoquinone amino acids conjugates bonded through a vinyl spacer in the yields range 40–71%. The presence of not-separable isomers of the naphthoquinone amino acids conjugates in the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra is explained by the existence of conformational isomers generated by hindered rotation of the substituent bonded to the quinone double bond. These new naphthoquinone amino acids conjugates were screened in vitro on normal and cancer cell lines and showed moderate cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Valderrama
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (ICEN), Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Joel Garrido
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Virginia Delgado
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6094411, Chile.
| | - Julio Benites
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (ICEN), Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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