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Lee JH, Loh ND, Yeo ZY, Ong YK, Balakrishnan D, Limpo CMA, Datta A, Cetin C, Ning S, Wong C, Shi J, Hou F, Lin J, Minamikawa T, Ito T, Kamisuki H, Pennycook S, Matsudaira P, Özyilmaz B. Engineering a Hierarchy of Disorder: A New Route to Synthesize High-Performance 3D Nanoporous All-Carbon Materials*. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402628. [PMID: 38670114 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A new nanoporous amorphous carbon (NAC) structure that achieves both ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity, which are usually incompatible in porous materials is reported. By using modified spark plasma sintering, three amorphous carbon phases with different atomic bonding configurations are created. The composite consisted of an amorphous sp2-carbon matrix mixed with amorphous sp3-carbon and amorphous graphitic motif. NAC structure has an isotropic electrical conductivity of up to 12 000 S m-1, Young's modulus of up to ≈5 GPa, and Vickers hardness of over 900 MPa. These properties are superior to those of existing conductive nanoporous materials. Direct investigation of the multiscale structure of this material through transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and machine learning-based electron tomography revealed that the origin of the remarkable material properties is the well-organized sp2/sp3 amorphous carbon phases with a core-shell-like architecture, where the sp3-rich carbon forms a resilient core surrounded by a conductive sp2-rich layer. This research not only introduces novel materials with exceptional properties but also opens new opportunities for exploring amorphous structures and designing high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hak Lee
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - N Duane Loh
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yuan Yeo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yong Kang Ong
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Deepan Balakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Carlos Maria Alava Limpo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Abhik Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Cagdas Cetin
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Shoucong Ning
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Wong
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Jian Shi
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fuchen Hou
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tadahiro Minamikawa
- Chemical Device Department Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yasu-shi, Shiga, 520-2393, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ito
- Chemical Device Department Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yasu-shi, Shiga, 520-2393, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamisuki
- Chemical Device Department Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yasu-shi, Shiga, 520-2393, Japan
| | - Stephen Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Paul Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Barbaros Özyilmaz
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
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