1
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Yang D, Yang Y. Theoretical insights into excited state behaviors of D3HF derivatives via altering atomic electronegativity of chalcogen. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:123926. [PMID: 38471308 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the distinguished photochemical characteristics of new organic molecule containing the chalcogenide substitution that could be potentially applied across various disciplines, in this work, the effects of atomic electronegativity of chalcogen (O, S and Se) on hydrogen bond interactions and proton transfer (PT) reaction. We present the characteristic 2,8-diphenyl-3,7-dihydroxy-4H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]-chromene-4,6-dione (D3HF), which is based on 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) and contains intramolecular double hydrogen bonds that is the main objective of this study to explore in detail the influence of the change of atomic electronegativity on the dual hydrogen bond interaction and the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) behavior by photoexcitation. By comparing the structural changes and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra of the D3HF derivatives (D3HF-O, D3HF-S and D3HF-Se) fluorophores in S0 and S1 states, combined with the preliminary detection of hydrogen bond interaction by core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index, we can conclude that the hydrogen bond is strengthened in S1 state, which is favorable for the occurrence of ESPT reactions. The charge recombination behavior of hydrogen bond induced by photoexcitation also further illustrates this point. Via constructing potential energy surfaces (PESs) based on restrictive optimization, we finally clarify the excited state single PT mechanism for D3HF derivatives. Specially, we confirm change of atomic electronegativity has a regulatory effect on the ESIPT behavior of D3HF and its derivatives, that is, the lower the atomic electronegativity is more conducive to the ESIPT reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Electronics and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Yang
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
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2
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Prutskij T, Deriabina A, Vázquez Leon GD, Castillo Trejo L. Excited-state proton transfer based fluorescence in Kaempferol powder and solutions with different concentrations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123814. [PMID: 38157743 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KMP) is one of the most common flavonoids, currently being extensively studied for its numerous beneficial health effects. Here we study the fluorescence (FL) emission of KMP powder and of its solutions prepared using different types of solvents (polar and non-polar). In the spectra of KMP powder and KMP solutions with high concentration, the same FL peak with maximum at 1.9 eV is observed. Another FL peak, at higher energy of 2.45 eV, emerges in solutions, its relative intensity increases with decreasing solution concentration. The FL emission of solutions with lowest concentration displays only that peak. To calculate characteristic energies of absorption and emission of KMP molecule in vacuum and in solutions we use time-dependent density functional theory. Comparing the results of computations with measured FL spectra, we associate the FL band at 1.9 eV with the emission due to excited state intramolecular transfer of the proton of -OH5 hydroxyl group. The FL emission at 2.45 eV is related to the -OH3 proton transfer. We measure the FL spectra of KMP powder using two different excitation energies, 3.06 eV and 2.33 eV, and find that its FL spectrum depends on the excitation energy. To understand that dependence, we compare the FL spectra of KMP and Q monohydrate powders. We consider the excited state intermolecular transfer of the proton from -OH3' hydroxyl group to a neighboring molecule in Q crystal and calculate the energy corresponding to the emission of the resulted anion of Q molecule. The spectral feature at 1.69 eV observed only in the FL spectrum of Q hydrate is attributed to the Q anion FL emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prutskij
- ICUAP, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - A Deriabina
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
| | - G D Vázquez Leon
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - L Castillo Trejo
- ICUAP, Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Pue, Mexico
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3
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Dong H, Jiang W, Lv G, Han Y. Unraveling solvent‐dependent hydrogen bonding interaction and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer behavior for 2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(
9H
‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol: A theoretical study. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Wenkun Jiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gang Lv
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China
| | - Yinghui Han
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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4
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Cao Y, Shang C, Zheng Z, Sun C. Substituent derivatives of benzothiazole-based fluorescence probes for hydrazine with conspicuous luminescence properties: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121449. [PMID: 35660153 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, four probe molecules for detecting hydrazine have been designed based on the 2-(4-Acetoxy-3-benzothiazole-2-yl-phenyl)-4-methyl-thiazole- 5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (HP1) to investigate the influence of the amino and cyano groups on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior and photophysical properties. The changes in hydrogen bond strength indicate that the intramolecular hydrogen bond of all probe products is enhanced upon photoexcitation. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and natural bond orbital (NBO) reveal the driving force of ESIPT. In addition, the potential energy curves and transition state theory explain the reason for the single fluorescence phenomenon in the experiment. The simulated absorption and fluorescence spectra of HP1 and its product (HPP1) are completely consistent with the experimental results, which also verify the viewpoint. Meanwhile the cyano derivative HPP4 exhibits a larger Stokes-shift (201 nm) than that of HPP1 (145 nm) and has the same low energy barrier as HPP1. These excellent properties allow HPP4 to be a fluorescent probe with superior performance than the original molecule. In conclusion, this work can provide a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of more sensitive fluorescent probes for the detection of hydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Cao
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Changjiao Shang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zefei Zheng
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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5
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Chansen W, Kungwan N. Theoretical Insights into Excited-State Intermolecular Proton Transfers of 2,7-Diazaindole in Water Using a Microsolvation Approach. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5314-5325. [PMID: 34125551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detailed excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESInterPT) mechanism of 2,7-diazaindole with water wires consisting of either one or two shells [2,7-DAI(H2O)n; n = 1-5] has been theoretically explored by time-dependent density functional theory using microsolvation with an implicit solvent model. On the basis of the excited-state potential energy surfaces along the proton transfer (PT) coordinates, among all 2,7-DAI(H2O)n, the multiple ESInterPT of 2,7-DAI(H2O)2+3 through the first hydration shell (inner circuit) is the most easy process to occur with the lowest PT barrier and a highly exothermic reaction. The lowest PT barrier resulted from the outer three waters pushing the inner circuit waters to be much closer to 2,7-DAI, leading to the enhanced intermolecular hydrogen-bonding strength of the inner two waters. Moreover, on-the-fly dynamic simulations show that the multiple ESInterPT mechanism of 2,7-DAI(H2O)2+3 is the triple PT in a stepwise mechanism with the highest PT probability. This solvation effect using microsolvation and dynamic simulation is a cost-effect approach to reveal the solvent-assisted multiple proton relay of chromophores based on excited-state proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warinthon Chansen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Material Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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6
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Wang D, Bai T, Wang X, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Zhang F, Lu W, Qing G. Sensing Mechanism of
Excited‐State
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond for Phthalimide: Indispensable Role of Dimethyl Sulfoxide. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Tianxin Bai
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Wenqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University 1 Sunshine Road Wuhan Hubei 430200 China
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7
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Zhang X, Wan H, Li C, Liu Y. Theoretical unraveling detailed excited state proton transfer mechanism for 2,5‐bis (benzoxazol‐2‐yl)thiophene‐3,4‐diol‐ethyl compound in different solvents. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Physics Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Huilin Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Yufang Liu
- School of Physics Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
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8
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Elaborating and modulating the excited state intramolecular proton transfer behavior for 2-benzothiazole-2-yl-5-hex-1-ynyl-phenol. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Li X, Yang D, Guo Y. Theoretical insights into electronically excited-state hydrogen-bonding effects and ESIPT mechanism for 2-benzothiazol-2-yl-4-methoxy-6-(1,4,5-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenol compound. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao J, Sun H. A density functional theory‐time‐dependent density functional theory investigation of photo‐induced hydrogen bond and proton transfer for 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2,6‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzoxazole‐6‐carboxylicacid. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wang
- School of ScienceShandong Jiaotong University Jinan China
- School of PhysicsShandong University Jinan China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of ScienceShandong Jiaotong University Jinan China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School of ScienceShandong Jiaotong University Jinan China
| | - Haibo Sun
- School of ScienceShandong Jiaotong University Jinan China
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11
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Yang D, Song X, Zhang T, Gao H. A TD‐DFT investigation of the photo‐induced excited state intramolecular proton transfer dynamics for the novel 5,5′‐(9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(2‐benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenol) system. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Tianjie Zhang
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou PR China
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12
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Aqdas A, Siddique F, Nieman R, Quina FH, Aquino AJA. Photoacidity of the 7-Hydroxyflavylium Cation. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1339-1344. [PMID: 31237349 DOI: 10.1111/php.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical descriptions of excited state proton transfer (ESPT) have had various degrees of success. This work presents a theoretical description of the photodissociation of the 7-hydroxyflavylium cation (7-HF), the fundamental chromophoric moiety of anthocyanin natural plant pigments. ESPT of 7-HF is promoted by a significant shift of charge away from the OH group in the first singlet excited state, leading smoothly to the excited conjugate base and a protonated water cluster. Several factors contribute to the consistency of the results of the present study: (1) the theoretical approach (TD-DFT with the B3-LYP functional and def2-TZVP basis set utilizing Grimme's D3 dispersion correction); (2) the modeling of the solvent effect combining hydrogen bonding of the photoacid to a cluster of discrete water molecules in a water-like continuum solvent (COSMO); (3) the large S1 -S2 energy gap of flavylium cations; and (4) the electrostatics of the ESPT in which a proton is transferred from a cationic photoacid to water without Coulombic interaction between the proton and the conjugate base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Aqdas
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Farhan Siddique
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Frank H Quina
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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13
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Yang D, Zhao Z, Jia M, Song X, Zhang Q, Zhang T. The investigation of proton transfer and fluorescence‐sensing mechanisms of [2‐(2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐5‐yl]‐phenyl‐methanone. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhongjian Zhao
- Office of Teaching AffairsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Min Jia
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Qiaoli Zhang
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Tianjie Zhang
- College of Physics and ElectronicsNorth China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou P. R. China
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14
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Li J, Zhang M, Guo Y, Zhao M, Song P, Li X. Theoretical insights into the excited‐state process of 4‐
tert
‐butyl‐2‐(5‐(5‐
tert
‐butyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐phenol. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Department of PhysicsLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of PhysicsLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Safety Engineering, School of Mechanical EngineeringLiaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Meiyu Zhao
- Department of chemsitry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of PhysicsLiaoning University Shenyang China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education)School of Materials, Northeastern University Shenyang China
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15
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Tong Y, Fu J, Ma J. A theoretical investigation about the excited state behavior for 2-(6'-hydroxy-2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole: The water-assisted excited state proton transfer process. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tong
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication; North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jing Fu
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication; North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power; Zhengzhou China
| | - Juntao Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication; North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power; Zhengzhou China
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16
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The effect of protic solvents on the excited state proton transfer of 3-hydroxyflavone: A TD-DFT static and molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Han J, Liu X, Sun C, Li Y, Yin H, Shi Y. Ingenious modification of molecular structure effectively regulates excited-state intramolecular proton and charge transfer: a theoretical study based on 3-hydroxyflavone. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29589-29597. [PMID: 35547292 PMCID: PMC9085254 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing ingenious modification of molecular structure to regulate excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics holds great promise in fluorescence sensing and imaging. Based on the 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) molecule, 2-(2-benzo[b]furanyl)-3-hydroxychromone (3HB) and 2-(6-diethylamino-benzo[b]furan-2-yl)-3-hydroxychromone (3HBN) were designed by the extension of the furan heterocycle and the introduction of a diethylamino group. The analysis of important hydrogen bond length, frontier molecular orbitals, infrared spectra, and potential curves have cross-validated our results. The results indicate that proper site furan heterocycle extension and diethylamino donor group substitution not only shift the absorption and emission spectra to the red but also effectively modulate the excited-state dynamic behaviors. Strengthened ICT characteristics from 3HF to 3HB and to 3HBN make the occurrence of ESIPT increasingly difficult due to the higher energy barriers, which indicates that the ESIPT and ICT processes are competitive mechanisms. We envision that our work would open new windows for improving molecular properties and developing more fluorescent probes and organic radiation scintillators. Harnessing ingenious modification of molecular structure to regulate excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics holds great promise in fluorescence sensing and imaging.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Han
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - You Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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