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Mauri A, Kiefer P, Neidinger P, Messer T, Bojanowski NM, Yang L, Walden S, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C, Wegener M, Wenzel W, Kozlowska M. Two- and three-photon processes during photopolymerization in 3D laser printing. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03527e. [PMID: 39129779 PMCID: PMC11309088 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The performance of a photoinitiator is key to control efficiency and resolution in 3D laser nanoprinting. Upon light absorption, a cascade of competing photophysical processes leads to photochemical reactions toward radical formation that initiates free radical polymerization (FRP). Here, we investigate 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC), belonging to an efficient and frequently used class of photoinitiators in 3D laser printing, and explain the molecular bases of FRP initiation upon DETC photoactivation. Depending on the presence of a co-initiator, DETC causes radical generation either upon two-photon- or three-photon excitation, but the mechanism for these processes is not well understood so far. Here, we show that the unique three-photon based radical formation by DETC, in the absence of a co-initiator, results from its excitation to highly excited triplet states. They allow a hydrogen-atom transfer reaction from the pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) monomer to DETC, enabling the formation of the reactive PETA alkyl radical, which initiates FRP. The formation of active DETC radicals is demonstrated to be less spontaneous. In contrast, photoinitiation in the presence of an onium salt co-initiator proceeds via intermolecular electron transfer after the photosensitization of the photoinitiator to the lowest triplet excited state. Our quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate photophysical processes upon the multiphoton activation of DETC and explain different reactions for the radical formation upon DETC photoactivation. This investigation for the first time describes possible pathways of FRP initiation in 3D laser nanoprinting and permits further rational design of efficient photoinitiators to increase the speed and sensitivity of 3D laser nanoprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mauri
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Pascal Kiefer
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Philipp Neidinger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Tobias Messer
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - N Maximilian Bojanowski
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sarah Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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2
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O'Halloran S, Pandit A, Heise A, Kellett A. Two-Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204072. [PMID: 36585380 PMCID: PMC9982557 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) has become a premier state-of-the-art method for microscale fabrication of bespoke polymeric devices and surfaces. With applications ranging from the production of optical, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microfluidic devices, TPP has grown immensely in the past two decades. Significantly, the field has expanded from standard acrylate- and epoxy-based photoresists to custom formulated monomers designed to change the hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, mechanical properties, and more of the resulting structures. This review explains the essentials of TPP, from its initial conception through to standard operating principles and advanced chemical modification strategies for TPP materials. At the outset, the fundamental chemistries of radical and cationic polymerization are described, along with strategies used to tailor mechanical and functional properties. This review then describes TPP systems and introduces an array of commonly used photoresists including hard polyacrylic resins, soft hydrogel acrylic esters, epoxides, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Specific examples of each class-including chemically modified photoresists-are described to inform the understanding of their applications to the fields of tissue-engineering scaffolds, micromedical, optical, and drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán O'Halloran
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesSchool of Chemical SciencesDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin 9Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Andreas Heise
- RCSIUniversity of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Chemistry123 St. Stephens GreenDublinDublin 2Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College DublinDublinDublin 2Ireland
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin and National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - Andrew Kellett
- CÚRAMthe SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesSchool of Chemical SciencesDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin 9Ireland
- SSPCthe SFI Research Centre for PharmaceuticalsDublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublinDublin 9Ireland
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3
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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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4
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Szymaszek P, Tomal W, Świergosz T, Kamińska-Borek I, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Review of quantitative and qualitative methods for monitoring photopolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Authomatic in-situ monitoring and characterization of photopolymerization.
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5
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Mirchandani B, Padunglappisit C, Toneluck A, Naruphontjirakul P, Panpisut P. Effects of Sr/F-Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles and Calcium Phosphate on Monomer Conversion, Biaxial Flexural Strength, Surface Microhardness, Mass/Volume Changes, and Color Stability of Dual-Cured Dental Composites for Core Build-Up Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1897. [PMID: 35683752 PMCID: PMC9181985 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study prepared composites for core build-up containing Sr/F bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr/F-BGNPs) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) to prevent dental caries. The effect of the additives on the physical/mechanical properties of the materials was examined. Dual-cured resin composites were prepared using dimethacrylate monomers with added Sr/F-BGNPs (5 or 10 wt%) and MCPM (3 or 6 wt%). The additives reduced the light-activated monomer conversion by ~10%, but their effect on the conversion upon self-curing was negligible. The conversions of light-curing or self-curing polymerization of the experimental materials were greater than that of the commercial material. The additives reduced biaxial flexural strength (191 to 155 MPa), modulus (4.4 to 3.3), and surface microhardness (53 to 45 VHN). These values were comparable to that of the commercial material or within the acceptable range of the standard. The changes in the experimental composites' mass and volume (~1%) were similar to that of the commercial comparison. The color change of the commercial material (1.0) was lower than that of the experimental composites (1.5-5.8). The addition of Sr/F-BGNPs and MCPM negatively affected the physical/mechanical properties of the composites, but the results were satisfactory except for color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Mirchandani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (B.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Chawal Padunglappisit
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (B.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Arnit Toneluck
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (B.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Parichart Naruphontjirakul
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
| | - Piyaphong Panpisut
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (B.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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6
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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7
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Balcerak A, Kabatc J. Recent progress in the development of highly active dyeing photoinitiators based on 1,3-bis(p-substituted phenylamino)squaraines for radical polymerization of acrylates. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photopolymerization is a very popular technique used in the production of various polymeric materials. The key role in the light induced polymerization processes plays a photoinitiator. One of the...
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8
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Balcerak A, Kwiatkowska D, Kabatc J. Novel photoinitiators based on difluoroborate complexes of squaraine dyes for radical polymerization of acrylates upon visible light. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present article describes the efficiency of novel two-component photoinitiators based on a typical squaraine dye and its difluoroborate analogues for the radical polymerization of acrylate monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janina Kabatc
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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9
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Balcerak A, Kabatc J, Czech Z, Nowak M, Mozelewska K. High-Performance UV-Vis Light Induces Radical Photopolymerization Using Novel 2-Aminobenzothiazole-Based Photosensitizers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7814. [PMID: 34947409 PMCID: PMC8705399 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of using the photopolymerization reactions in various areas of science and technique is constantly gaining importance. Light-induced photopolymerization is the basic process for the production of various polymeric materials. The key role in the polymerization reaction is the photoinitiator. The huge demand for radical and cationic initiators results from the dynamic development of the medical sector, and the optoelectronic, paints, coatings, varnishes and adhesives industries. For this reason, we dealt with the subject of designing new, highly-efficient radical photoinitiators. This paper describes novel photoinitiating systems operating in UV-Vis light for radical polymerization of acrylates. The proposed photoinitiators are composed of squaraine (SQ) as a light absorber and various diphenyliodonium (Iod) salts as co-initiators. The kinetic parameters of radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), such as the degree of double bonds conversion (C%), the rate of photopolymerization (Rp), as well as the photoinitiation index (Ip) were calculated. It was found that 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives in the presence of iodonium salts effectively initiated the polymerization of TMPTA. The rates of polymerization were at about 2 × 10-2 s-1 and the degree of conversion of acrylate groups from 10% to 36% were observed. The values of the photoinitiating indexes for the most optimal initiator concentration, i.e., 5 × 10-3 M were in the range from 1 × 10-3 s-2 even to above 9 × 10-3 s-2. The photoinitiating efficiency of new radical initiators depends on the concentration and chemical structure of used photoinitiator. The role of squaraine-based photoinitiating systems as effective dyeing photoinitiators for radical polymerization is highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Janina Kabatc
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Nowak
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Karolina Mozelewska
- International Laboratory of Adhesives and Self-Adhesive Materials, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.N.); (K.M.)
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10
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Thornton GL, Phelps R, Orr-Ewing AJ. Transient absorption spectroscopy of the electron transfer step in the photochemically activated polymerizations of N-ethylcarbazole and 9-phenylcarbazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18378-18392. [PMID: 34612379 PMCID: PMC9391922 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization of photoexcited N-ethylcarbazole (N-EC) in the presence of an electron acceptor begins with an electron transfer (ET) step to generate a radical cation of N-EC (N-EC˙+). Here, the production of N-EC˙+ is studied on picosecond to nanosecond timescales after N-EC photoexcitation at a wavelength λex = 345 nm using transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopy. The kinetics and mechanisms of ET to diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6-) or para-alkylated variants are examined in dichloromethane (DCM) and acetonitrile (ACN) solutions. The generation of N-EC˙+ is well described by a diffusional kinetic model based on Smoluchowski theory: with Ph2I+PF6-, the derived bimolecular rate coefficient for ET is kET = (1.8 ± 0.5) × 1010 M-1 s-1 in DCM, which is consistent with diffusion-limited kinetics. This ET occurs from the first excited singlet (S1) state of N-EC, in competition with intersystem crossing to populate the triplet (T1) state, from which ET may also arise. A faster component of the ET reaction suggests pre-formation of a ground-state complex between N-EC and the electron acceptor. In ACN, the contribution from pre-reaction complexes is smaller, and the derived ET rate coefficient is kET = (1.0 ± 0.3) × 1010 M-1 s-1. Corresponding measurements for solutions of photoexcited 9-phenylcarbazole (9-PC) and Ph2I+PF6- give kET = (5 ± 1) × 109 M-1 s-1 in DCM. Structural modifications of the electron acceptor to increase its steric bulk reduce the magnitude of kET: methyl and t-butyl additions to the para positions of the phenyl rings (para Me2Ph2I+PF6- and t-butyl-Ph2I+PF6-) respectively give kET = (1.2 ± 0.3) × 1010 M-1 s-1 and kET = (5.4 ± 1.5) × 109 M-1 s-1 for reaction with photoexcited N-EC in DCM. These reductions in kET are attributed to slower rates of diffusion or to steric constraints in the ET reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia L Thornton
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Ryan Phelps
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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11
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Difunctional 1H-quinolin-2-ones as spectroscopic fluorescent probes for real-time monitoring of photopolymerisation process and photosensitizers of fluorescent photopolymer resin in 3D printing. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Sun K, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Organic dye‐based photoinitiating systems for visible‐light‐induced photopolymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS ICR UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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13
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Giacoletto N, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Dumur F. Recent advances on squaraine-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Elsherbini M, Moran WJ. Scalable electrochemical synthesis of diaryliodonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4706-4711. [PMID: 33960987 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and acyclic diaryliodonium are synthesised by anodic oxidation of iodobiaryls and iodoarene/arene mixtures, respectively, in a simple undivided electrolysis cell in MeCN-HFIP-TfOH without any added electrolyte salts. This atom efficient process does not require chemical oxidants and generates no chemical waste. More than 30 cyclic and acyclic diaryliodonium salts with different substitution patterns were prepared in very good to excellent yields. The reaction was scaled-up to 10 mmol scale giving more than four grams of dibenzo[b,d]iodol-5-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate (>95%) in less than three hours. The solvent mixture of the large-scale experiment was recovered (>97%) and recycled several times without significant reduction in yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsherbini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Wesley J Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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15
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Maugeri D, Sangermano M, Leterrier Y. Radical photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization in porous media. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Maugeri
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT) Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT) Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
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16
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Derevyanko DI, Shelkovnikov VV, Kovalskii VY, Zilberberg IL, Aliev SI, Orlova NA, Ugozhaev VD. The Charge Transfer Complex Formed between the Components of Photopolymer Material as an Internal Sensitizer of Spectral Sensitivity. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Derevyanko
- Laboratory of Organic Photosensitive Materials N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 9 Lavrentiev Ave
| | - Vladimir V. Shelkovnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Photosensitive Materials N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 9 Lavrentiev Ave
- Novosibirsk State Technical University 20 Prospekt K. Marksa Novosibirsk 630073 Russia
| | - Victor Y. Kovalskii
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Igor L. Zilberberg
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova str. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Sergei I. Aliev
- Laboratory of Organic Photosensitive Materials N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 9 Lavrentiev Ave
- Novosibirsk State Technical University 20 Prospekt K. Marksa Novosibirsk 630073 Russia
| | - Natalya A. Orlova
- Laboratory of Organic Photosensitive Materials N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 9 Lavrentiev Ave
| | - Vladimir D. Ugozhaev
- Laboratory of physics of lasers Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Academician Koptyug ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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17
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Topa M, Ortyl J. Moving Towards a Finer Way of Light-Cured Resin-Based Restorative Dental Materials: Recent Advances in Photoinitiating Systems Based on Iodonium Salts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4093. [PMID: 32942676 PMCID: PMC7560344 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced polymerization of monomers is currently an essential tool in various industries. The photopolymerization process plays an increasingly important role in biomedical applications. It is especially used in the production of dental composites. It also exhibits unique properties, such as a short time of polymerization of composites (up to a few seconds), low energy consumption, and spatial resolution (polymerization only in irradiated areas). This paper describes a short overview of the history and classification of different typical monomers and photoinitiating systems such as bimolecular photoinitiator system containing camphorquinone and aromatic amine, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, phosphine derivatives, germanium derivatives, hexaarylbiimidazole derivatives, silane-based derivatives and thioxanthone derivatives used in the production of dental composites with their limitations and disadvantages. Moreover, this article represents the challenges faced when using the latest inventions in the field of dental materials, with a particular focus on photoinitiating systems based on iodonium salts. The beneficial properties of dental composites cured using initiation systems based on iodonium salts have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
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18
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Eren TN, Gencoglu T, Abdallah M, Lalevée J, Avci D. A water soluble and highly reactive bisphosphonate functionalized thioxanthone-based photoinitiator. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Kabatc J, Iwińska K, Balcerak A, Kwiatkowska D, Skotnicka A, Czech Z, Bartkowiak M. Onium salts improve the kinetics of photopolymerization of acrylate activated with visible light. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24817-24829. [PMID: 35517455 PMCID: PMC9055187 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was study the influence of onium salts on the kinetics of photopolymerization in the visible light region. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate TMPTA was selected as a monomer, and activated by 1,3-bis(phenylamino)squaraine (SQ) used as a photosensitizer in addition to tetramethylammonium n-butyltriphenylborate (B2). The iodonium salt [A–I–B]+X− functioned as a second radical initiator, bearing a different substitution pattern for the cation. The ternary system was formulated with different concentrations of both borate and diphenyliodonium salts. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the polymerization reaction over the photoactivation time carried out at 300 nm < λ < 500 nm irradiation. When the squaraine dye/borate salt was used as photoinitiator, a slow polymerization reaction was observed and a lower monomer conversion. The addition of a third component (onium salt) increased the polymerization rate and conversion. Ternary photoinitiator systems showed improvement in the polymerization rate of triacrylate leading to high conversion in a short photoactivation time. The photoinitiating ability of bi- and tri-component photoinitiators acting in the UV-Vis region for initiation polymerization of triacrylate was compared with those of some commercially used photoinitiating systems. It was also found, that, the parallel electron transfer from an excited state of the sensitizer to [A–I–B]+X−, and an electron transfer from a ground state of R(Ph)3B−N(CH3)4+ to an excited state of the sensitizer results in two types of initiating radical. The chemical mechanisms were investigated by steady state photolysis and nanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments. A mechanism for initiating polymerization using both onium salts is proposed here.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kabatc
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Katarzyna Iwińska
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Alicja Balcerak
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Agnieszka Skotnicka
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology Pułaskiego 10 70-322 Szczecin Poland
| | - Marcin Bartkowiak
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology Pułaskiego 10 70-322 Szczecin Poland
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20
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Vouzara T, Roussou K, Nikolaidis AK, Tolidis K, Koulaouzidou EA. Organic Eluates Derived from Intermediate Restorative Dental Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071593. [PMID: 32235641 PMCID: PMC7180687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of different types of materials have been used in dentistry as intermediate restoratives. Among them, new resin-based bases have been released in the dental market. The present study focuses on the identification of the organic eluates released from such materials and the study of their surface microstructure in combination with their corresponding elemental composition. For this purpose, the following materials were used:ACTIVA™BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER™, Ketac™Bond Glass Ionomer, SDR™ and Vitrebond™Light Cure Glass Ionomer Liner/Base. Methanolic leachates derived from polymerized materials were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used for the surface monitoring of suitably prepared specimens. The GC-MS analysis revealed the elution of twenty different substances from the three resin-based materials, while none was eluted from the glass ionomer base. The SEM analysis for Vitrebond™ presented small pits, the one for Ketac™Bond presented elongated cracks, while no voids were present for ACTIVA™BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER™ and SDR™. Moreover, the resin matrix of some dental materials may inhibit elements' accumulation on the surface layers. Particularly, the detected organic eluents may be related to potential toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Vouzara
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantina Roussou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Alexandros K. Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999-616
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21
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Photochemical Study of a New Bimolecular Photoinitiating System for Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing Techniques under Visible Light. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we presented a new bimolecular photoinitiating system based on 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives as visible photosensitizers of diphenyliodonium salt. Real-time FTIR and photo-DSC photopolymerization experiments with a cycloaliphatic epoxide and vinyl monomers showed surprisingly good reactivity of the bimolecular photoinitiating systems under UV-A, as well as under visible light sources. Steady-state photolysis, fluorescence experiments, theoretical calculations of molecular orbitals, and electrochemical analysis demonstrated photo-redox behavior as well as the ability to form initiating species via photo-reduction or photo-oxidation pathways, respectively. Therefore, the 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives were also investigated as a type II free-radical photoinitiator with amine. It was confirmed that the 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives, in combination with different types of additives, e.g., amine as a co-initiator or the presence of onium salt, can act as bimolecular photoinitiating systems for cationic, free-radical, and thiol-ene photopolymerization processes by hydrogen abstraction and/or electron transfer reactions stimulated by either near-UV or visible light irradiation. Finally, the 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives were selected for 3D printing rapid prototyping experiments. Test objects were successfully printed using purely cationic photosensitive resin, created on a 3D printer with a visible LED light source.
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22
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Water soluble polymeric photoinitiator for dual-curing of acrylates and methacrylates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Tataru G, Coqueret X. Hybrid free-radical and cationic photo-polymerization of bio-based monomers derived from seed oils – control of competitive processes by experimental design. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00773k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental design helps define optimal compositions for a 3-component photo-initiating system for IPNs synthesized from mixed epoxidized and acrylated triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tataru
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
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24
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Topa M, Hola E, Galek M, Petko F, Pilch M, Popielarz R, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Lalevée J, Ortyl J. One-component cationic photoinitiators based on coumarin scaffold iodonium salts as highly sensitive photoacid generators for 3D printing IPN photopolymers under visible LED sources. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of new coumarin chromophore-based iodonium salts as efficient one-component cationic photoinitiators upon LEDs irradiation with maximum emission under the UV-A region at 365 nm and under visible light at 405 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Emilia Hola
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Pilch
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Roman Popielarz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd
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25
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Tomal W, Pilch M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Galek M, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Dietlin C, Lalevée J, Ortyl J. Photoinitiator-catalyst systems based on meta-terphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers of iodonium and thianthrenium salts for visible photopolymerization in 3D printing processes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Application of new photoinitiator-catalyst systems based on meta-terphenyl derivatives as photosensitisers of iodonium and thianthrenium salts for visible photopolymerization in 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Maciej Pilch
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institute de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
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26
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Hola E, Topa M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Pilch M, Fiedor P, Galek M, Ortyl J. New, highly versatile bimolecular photoinitiating systems for free-radical, cationic and thiol–ene photopolymerization processes under low light intensity UV and visible LEDs for 3D printing application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7509-7522. [PMID: 35492177 PMCID: PMC9049847 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are proposed for the role of photosensitizers of iodonium salt during the photopolymerization processes upon near UV-A and visible ranges. Remarkably, 1-amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are highly versatile allowing access to photoinitiating systems for (i) the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide monomers with a ring opening mechanism and vinyl ether monomers with chain growth mechanisms (ii) the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomers, (iii) the photopolymerization of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) based on epoxide and acrylate monomers under air and under laminate in an oxygen-free atmosphere (iv) the thiol–ene photopolymerization processes. Excellent polymerization profiles are obtained during all types of photopolymerization processes. The initiation mechanisms are analyzed through steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence experiments. Moreover, the newly developed bimolecular photoinitiating systems were investigated by applying an additive manufacturing process under visible light sources. Furthermore, vat photopolymerization processes using IPN compositions, which are polymerizable by using new photoinitiating systems, provide high resolution and speeds. For these reasons, new bimolecular photoinitiating systems are promising initiators for photopolymerization-based 3D printing process to fabricate 3D structures. 1-Amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are proposed for the role of photosensitizers of iodonium salt during the photopolymerization processes upon near UV-A and visible ranges.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Hola
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Maciej Pilch
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Paweł Fiedor
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd
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27
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Balcerak A, Kwiatkowska D, Iwińska K, Kabatc J. Highly efficient UV-Vis light activated three-component photoinitiators composed of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane for polymerization of acrylates. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper concerns the evaluation of the efficiency of novel three-component systems for initiating the photopolymerization process of 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Iwińska
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
| | - Janina Kabatc
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
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28
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Development of New High-Performance Biphenyl and Terphenyl Derivatives as Versatile Photoredox Photoinitiating Systems and Their Applications in 3D Printing Photopolymerization Processes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were proposed as photosensitizes of iodonium salt for a highly effective bimolecular photoinitiating system upon soft irradiation conditions under long-wave ultraviolet (UV-A) and visible light. Remarkably, these structures are highly versatile, allowing access to photoinitiating systems for the free-radical polymerization of acrylates, the cationic photopolymerization of epoxides, glycidyl, and vinyl ethers, the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) and the thiol-ene photopolymerization processes. Excellent polymerization profiles for all of the monomers, along with the high final conversions, were obtained. The initiation mechanisms of these bimolecular systems based on the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were investigated using the real-time FT-IR technique, steady-state photolysis, fluorescence experiments, theoretical calculations of molecular orbitals, and electrochemical analysis. Moreover, the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were investigated as a type II free-radical photoinitiator with amine. It was confirmed that the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives, in combination with different types of additives, e.g., amine as co-initiator or in the presence of onium salt, can act as a bimolecular photoinitiating system via the photo-reduction or photo-oxidation pathways, respectively.
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29
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Balcerak A, Kabatc J. The photooxidative sensitization of bis( p-substituted diphenyl)iodonium salts in the radical polymerization of acrylates. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28490-28499. [PMID: 35529669 PMCID: PMC9071055 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of two-component dyeing photoinitiating systems for the radical polymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA) is presented. The systems under study comprised a hemicyanine dye as a sensitizer and iodonium salts that played a role of a coinitiator. The kinetic parameters of the polymerization reaction, such as the rate of polymerization (R p) and the degree of conversion of monomer (C %), were estimated. The thermodynamic feasibility of an electron transfer process in the systems studied was verified and calculated using the Rehm-Weller equation. It was found that a benzoxazole derivative in the presence of iodonium salts effectively initiated the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The polymerization rates of about 10-7 s-1 and the degree of conversion of acrylate groups from 20% to 50% were observed. The effects of photoinitiator structures on the initiating ability and spectroscopic properties of sensitizers are described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- UTP University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9009 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Janina Kabatc
- UTP University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9009 +48 52 374 9112
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30
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31
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Aryliodonium Ylides as Novel and Efficient Additives for Radical Chemistry: Example in Camphorquinone (CQ)/Amine Based Photoinitiating Systems. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162913. [PMID: 31405210 PMCID: PMC6719945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaryliodonium salts are well-established compounds in free radical chemistry and are already used as photoinitiators (free radical or cationic polymerization), but the presence of counter anions is a strong drawback. Indeed, a counter anion is always required (e.g., SbF6-) leading to potential toxicity issues or release of HF. In the present paper, counter anion-free and fluoride-free aryliodonium salts are proposed, that is, aryliodonium ylides (AY) are studied here as new and efficient additives for radical chemistry and an example is provided for the camphorquinone (CQ)/amine based photoinitiating systems (PISs) for the polymerization of thick (1.4 mm) and thin (20-13 µm) methacrylates under air and blue light irradiation. The newly proposed PISs, for example, CQ/amine/AY, presented excellent polymerization performances and good bleaching properties were obtained after polymerization. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR) was used to monitor the photopolymerization profiles. The chemical mechanisms involved were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR).
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32
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Chen S, Jin M, Malval JP, Fu J, Morlet-Savary F, Pan H, Wan D. Substituted stilbene-based oxime esters used as highly reactive wavelength-dependent photoinitiators for LED photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different substituents on stilbene-based oxime esters play an important role in the relationship between their structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jingming Fu
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Mulhouse
- France
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
| | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- P.R. China
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33
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Phillips O, Engler A, Schwartz JM, Jiang J, Tobin C, Guta YA, Kohl PA. Sunlight photodepolymerization of transient polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Phillips
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - A. Engler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - J. M. Schwartz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - J. Jiang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - C. Tobin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - Y. A. Guta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
| | - P. A. Kohl
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332‐0100
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Ye B, Zhao J, Zhao K, McKenna JM, Toste FD. Chiral Diaryliodonium Phosphate Enables Light Driven Diastereoselective α-C(sp 3)-H Acetalization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8350-8356. [PMID: 29939024 PMCID: PMC6448391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C(sp3)-H bond functionalization has emerged as a robust tool enabling rapid construction of molecular complexity from simple building blocks, and the development of asymmetric versions of this reaction creates a powerful methodology to access enantiopure sp3-rich materials. Herein, we report the stereoselective functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds of cyclic ethers employing a photochemically active diaryliodonium salt in combination with an anionic phase-transfer catalyst. The synthetic strategy outlined herein allows for regio- and stereochemical control in the α-C-H acetalization of furans and pyrans using alcohol nucleophiles, thus providing the ability to control the configuration at the stereogenic exocyclic acetal carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. McKenna
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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