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Raman RK, Ganesan S, Alagumalai A, Sudhakaran Menon V, Gurusamy Thangavelu SA, Krishnamoorthy A. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Property Relationship Studies of a Library of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Films as an Effective and Scalable Encapsulation Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53935-53950. [PMID: 37935023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology is experiencing rapid growth due to its simple solution chemistry, high power conversion efficiency (PCE), and potential for low-cost mass production. Nevertheless, the primary obstacle preventing the upscaling and widespread outdoor deployment of PSC technology is the poor long-term device stability, which stems from the inherent instability of perovskite materials in the presence of oxygen and moisture. To address this issue, in this work, we have synthesized a series of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) through a rational design by utilizing polyols having different molecular weights and diverse isocyanates (aromatic and aliphatic). Thorough characterization of these TPUs (ASTM and ISO standards) along with structure-property relationship studies were carried out for the first time and were then used as the encapsulation material for PSCs. The prepared TPUs were robust and adhered well with the glass substrate, and the use of low temperature during the encapsulation process avoided the degradation of the perovskite absorber and other organic layers in the device stack. The encapsulated devices retained more than 93% of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) for over 1000 h after exposure to harsh environmental conditions such as high relative humidity (80 ± 5% RH). Furthermore, the encapsulated perovskite absorbers showed remarkable stability when they were soaked in water. This article demonstrates the potential of TPU as a suitable and easily scalable encapsulant for PSCs and pave the way for extending the lifetime and commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Kumar Raman
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Saraswathi Ganesan
- Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaics Laboratory (OPPV), Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ananthan Alagumalai
- Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaics Laboratory (OPPV), Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Vidya Sudhakaran Menon
- Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaics Laboratory (OPPV), Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Senthil A Gurusamy Thangavelu
- Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaics Laboratory (OPPV), Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ananthanarayanan Krishnamoorthy
- Organic and Perovskite Photovoltaics Laboratory (OPPV), Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Cao M, Ji W, Chao C, Li J, Dai F, Fan X. Recent Advances in UV-Cured Encapsulation for Stable and Durable Perovskite Solar Cell Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3911. [PMID: 37835960 PMCID: PMC10575197 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability and durability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are two main challenges retarding their industrial commercialization. The encapsulation of PSCs is a critical process that improves the stability of PSC devices for practical applications, and intrinsic stability improvement relies on materials optimization. Among all encapsulation materials, UV-curable resins are promising materials for PSC encapsulation due to their short curing time, low shrinkage, and good adhesion to various substrates. In this review, the requirements for PSC encapsulation materials and the advantages of UV-curable resins are firstly critically assessed based on a discussion of the PSC degradation mechanism. Recent advances in improving the encapsulation performance are reviewed from the perspectives of molecular modification, encapsulation materials, and corresponding architecture design while highlighting excellent representative works. Finally, the concluding remarks summarize promising research directions and remaining challenges for the use of UV-curable resins in encapsulation. Potential solutions to current challenges are proposed to inspire future work devoted to transitioning PSCs from the lab to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Cao
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (M.C.); (W.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenxi Ji
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (M.C.); (W.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Cong Chao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emission Surveillance and Control for Thermal Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Ji Li
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China; (M.C.); (W.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Fei Dai
- Laboratory of Distributed Energy System and Renewable Energy, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianfeng Fan
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
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Sanglee K, Nukunudompanich M, Part F, Zafiu C, Bello G, Ehmoser EK, Chuangchote S. The current state of the art in internal additive materials and quantum dots for improving efficiency and stability against humidity in perovskite solar cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11878. [PMID: 36590569 PMCID: PMC9801089 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable optoelectronic capabilities of perovskite structures enable the achievement of astonishingly high-power conversion efficiencies on the laboratory scale. However, a critical bottleneck of perovskite solar cells is their sensitivity to the surrounding humid environment affecting drastically their long-term stability. Internal additive materials together with surface passivation, polymer-mixed perovskite, and quantum dots, have been investigated as possible strategies to enhance device stability even in unfavorable conditions. Quantum dots (QDs) in perovskite solar cells enable power conversion efficiencies to approach 20%, making such solar cells competitive to silicon-based ones. This mini-review summarized the role of such QDs in the perovskite layer, hole-transporting layer (HTL), and electron-transporting layer (ETL), demonstrating the continuous improvement of device efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyanee Sanglee
- Solar Photovoltaic Research Team, National Energy Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Methawee Nukunudompanich
- Department of Industrial Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), 1 Chalong Krung 1 Alley, Lat Krabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Florian Part
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management and Circularity, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management and Circularity, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gianluca Bello
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 UZA2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Surawut Chuangchote
- Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: from device to commercialization. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Sardar S, Maity P, Mittal M, Chakraborty S, Dhara A, Jana A, Bandyopadhyay A. Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole encapsulated formamidinium lead bromide crystals for fluorescence memory recovery. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Luo Z, Zhang C, Yang L, Zhang J. Ambient Spray Coating of Organic-Inorganic Composite Thin Films for Perovskite Solar Cell Encapsulation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102008. [PMID: 34859603 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developing rapidly in recent years, showing remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25 %, which is comparable to crystalline silicon solar cells. However, since perovskite and other functional layers are very sensitive to the environment with high humidity, illumination, and heat, PSCs meet great challenges in device stability, which significantly limit their industrialization and commercialization. Encapsulation has become an effective strategy to enhance the stability of PSCs, and various encapsulation techniques have been developed, such as atomic layer deposition and glass-glass technology. Most of the current encapsulating methods are either time-consuming and sophisticated processes, or exhibit rigid configuration, which is unsuitable for flexible and curved devices. Here, an ambient spray coating method was developed to fabricate organic-inorganic composite film for direct encapsulation of PSCs. By systematical optimization of the film composition, thickness, and microstructures, a superhydrophobic encapsulating thin film with high compactness and homogeneity was achieved. As a result, the hybrid encapsulating film with polystyrene (PS)-4033/PS-4033-SiO2 significantly improved the stability of PSCs in humid environment (60-70 % relative humidity, 35 °C) by showing about 10 times longer lifetime than that of the unencapsulated devices, which was mainly attributed to complementary effects from the high compactness of PS and high hydrophobicity of SiO2 . This work suggests that direct deposition of organic-inorganic composite on devices as encapsulating films is an efficient strategy to enhance the device stability, and this method shows great promises of application in flexible and large-area devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhide Luo
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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7
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Wang Y, Ahmad I, Leung T, Lin J, Chen W, Liu F, Ng AMC, Zhang Y, Djurišić AB. Encapsulation and Stability Testing of Perovskite Solar Cells for Real Life Applications. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:215-236. [PMID: 36855381 PMCID: PMC9888620 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the progress in the development of perovskite solar cells, increased efforts have been devoted to enhancing their stability. With more devices being able to survive harsher stability testing conditions, such as damp heat or outdoor testing, there is increased interest in encapsulation techniques suitable for this type of tests, since both device architecture compatible with increased stability and effective encapsulation are necessary for those testing conditions. A variety of encapsulation techniques and materials have been reported to date for devices with different architectures and tested under different conditions. In this Perspective, we will discuss important factors affecting the encapsulation effectiveness and focus on the devices, which have been subjected to outdoor testing or damp heat testing. In addition to encapsulation requirements for these testing conditions, we will also discuss device requirements. Finally, we discuss possible methods for accelerating the testing of encapsulation and device stability and discuss the future outlook and important issues, which need to be addressed for further advancement of the stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Wang
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tiklun Leung
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jingyang Lin
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,South
University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan
Rd., Nanshan, 518 055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,South
University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan
Rd., Nanshan, 518 055 Shenzhen, China,National
University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119 077
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alan Man Ching Ng
- South
University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan
Rd., Nanshan, 518 055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department
of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Altujjar A, Mokhtar MZ, Chen Q, Neilson J, Spencer BF, Thomas A, Saunders JM, Wang R, Alkhudhari O, Mironov A, Saunders BR. Improving the Efficiency, Stability, and Adhesion of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nanogel Additive Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58640-58651. [PMID: 34859674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive engineering has been applied widely to improve the efficiency and/or stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Most additives used to date are difficult to locate within PSCs as they are small molecules or linear polymers. In this work, we introduce, for the first time, carboxylic acid-functionalized nanogels (NGs) as additives for PSCs. NGs are swellable sub-100 nm gel particles. The NGs consist of poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate)-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylenegylcol dimethacrylate (PMEO2MA-MAA-EGD) particles prepared by a scalable synthesis, which have a diameter of 40 nm. They are visualized in the perovskite films using SEM and are located at the grain boundaries. X-ray photoelectron and FTIR spectroscopy reveal that the NGs coordinate with Pb2+ via the -COOH groups. Including the NGs within the PSCs increased the grain size, decreased nonradiative recombination, and increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 20.20%. The NGs also greatly increase perovskite stability to ambient storage, elevated temperature, and humidity. The best system maintained more than 80% of its original PCE after 180 days of storage under ambient conditions. Tensile cross-cut tape adhesion tests are used to assess perovskite film mechanical integrity. The NGs increased both the adhesion of the perovskite to the substrate and the mechanical stability. This study demonstrates that NGs are an attractive alternative to molecularly dispersed additives for providing performance benefits to PSCs. Our study indicates that the NGs act as a passivator, stabilizer, cross-linker, and adhesion promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Altujjar
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Muhamad Z Mokhtar
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Joseph Neilson
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ben F Spencer
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- The Photon Science Institute and The Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Andrew Thomas
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- The Photon Science Institute and The Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jennifer M Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Osama Alkhudhari
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- EM Core Facility (RRID: SCR_021147), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Mohammadi M, Gholipour S, Malekshahi Byranvand M, Abdi Y, Taghavinia N, Saliba M. Encapsulation Strategies for Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells under Severe Stress Testing: Damp Heat, Freezing, and Outdoor Illumination Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45455-45464. [PMID: 34528780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key direction toward managing extrinsic instabilities in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is encapsulation. Thus, a suitable sealing layer is required for an efficient device encapsulation, preventing moisture and oxygen ingression into the perovskite layer. In this work, a solution-based, low-cost, and commercially available bilayer structure of poly(methyl methacrylate)/styrene-butadiene (PMMA/SB) is investigated for PSCs encapsulation. Encapsulated devices retained 80% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 85 °C temperature and 85% relative humidity after 100 h, while reference devices without SB (only PMMA) suffer from rapid and intense degradation after only 2 h, under the same condition. In addition, encapsulated devices retained 95% of the initial PCE under -15 °C freezing temperature after 6 h and retained ∼80% of the initial PCE after immersion in HCl (37%) for 90 min. Moreover, applying an additional aluminum metal sheet on the PMMA/SB protective bilayer leads to the improvement of device stability up to 500 h under outdoor illumination, retaining almost 90% of the initial PCE. Considering the urge to develop reliable, scalable, and simple encapsulation for future large-area PSCs, this work establishes solution-based bilayer encapsulation, which is applicable for flexible solar modules as well as other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photodetectors.improvement of device stability up to 500 h under outdoor illumination, retaining almost 90% of the initial PCE. Considering the urge to develop reliable, scalable, and simple encapsulation for future large-area PSCs, this work establishes solution-based bilayer encapsulation, which is applicable for flexible solar modules as well as other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mohammadi
- Nanoparticles and Coating Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholipour
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photoevoltaik, Forschungszentrum, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Yaser Abdi
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Nima Taghavinia
- Nanoparticles and Coating Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photoevoltaik, Forschungszentrum, Jülich 52425, Germany
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Shi W, Ye H. Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with a Superhydrophobic Two-Dimensional Capping Layer. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4052-4058. [PMID: 33881876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layer is considered to be a desirable defect passivation structure for the lifelong stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the efficiency could be compromised behind the traditional PSCs. Herein, we solve this issue by employing a highly hydrophobic organic cation, 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanamine (CF3-PEA), to form a 2D (CF3-PEA)2PbI4 to effectively passivate the 3D MAPbI3 with fewer defects. The new 2D/3D-structured PSCs show reduced charge recombination, an elongated carrier lifetime, efficient charge generation and transport. Those excellent characters lead to a significant enhancement of the efficiency from 17.9% for pristine PSCs to 21.43% for 2D/3D PSCs. Benefiting from the high hydrophobicity of CF3-PEA, the cells show remarkably improved stability by maintaining 83% of the original efficiency exposed to 80% R.H. and 50 °C for 600 h and 87% under 1 sun illumination for 600 h, which makes our PCSs among the most efficient and stable MAPbI3 solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Shi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Huanqing Ye
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
- Haina-Carbon Nanostructure Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China
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Ethyl cellulose based self-healing adhesives synthesized via RAFT and aromatic schiff-base chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116846. [PMID: 33049809 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and Schiff base chemistry was combined to fabricate self-healing adhesives. An esterification reaction was first performed to prepare ethyl cellulose based macroinitiators. Then, a "grafting from" RAFT of vanillin methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate was used to obtain graft copolymers. DSC result showed that the glass transition temperature was manipulated via changing the ratio of vanillin and fatty acids moieties. NMR spectrum analysis demonstrated the presence of aldehyde groups, which were available for the dynamic crosslinking to generate a network as self-healing adhesives. The adhesive test showed that the shear strength could reach 0.81 MPa with a self-healing efficiency of 98.7 %. The bottlebrush structures of copolymers and reversibility of Schiff base chemistry might collaboratively contribute to the high self-healing efficiency. This study provides a facile way to fabricate high-performance self-healing adhesives from ethyl cellulose and renewable resources.
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Abate A, Correa-Baena JP, Saliba M, Su'ait MS, Bella F. Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line. Chemistry 2017; 24:3083-3100. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- MIT Photovoltaic Research Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Michael Saliba
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 3 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mohd Sukor Su'ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | - Federico Bella
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology DISAT; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
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