Khan B, Hameed A, Minhaz A, Shah MR. Synthesis and characterisation of calix[4]arene based bis(triazole)-bis(hexahydroquinoline): Probing highly selective fluorescence quenching towards mercury (Hg
2+) analyte.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018;
347:349-358. [PMID:
29335217 DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.022]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we are reporting the synthesis of a triazoles incorporated fluorescent hexahydroquinoline appended calix[4]arene 7 and its highly selective optical recognition ability towards Hg2+. The optical sensor 7 was synthesized via two different synthetic pathways and unambiguously characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The stoichiometric ratio between 7 and Hg2+ was determined as 1:1 based on Job's plot and ESI-MS analysis. The chemosensor 7 selectively recognized Hg2+ in the presence of competitive cations such as Cu2+, Cu1+, Co3+, Ni2+, Ag1+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Ti4+, Sb3+, In3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, and K1+. The limit of detection (LOD) was established as 0.5 μM on spectrofluorimetric analysis. According to world health organization (WHO) in guidelines for drinking-water quality, the mercury level in natural occurring ground and surface water is about ∼0.5 μM (μg/L). The supra molecule 7 with LOD (0.5 μM) could potentially serve effective receptors for Hg2+ cation. The probe 7 was applied effectively for detection of Hg2+ in real water samples (i.e. tap and deionized water), spiked with Hg2+ (10 μM) solution. Moreover, the compound 7 showed non-toxicity during cytotoxic assay against human B cells as they retain their morphology. The supramolecule 7 in living cells showed selectivity towards Hg2+ in cytotoxic assay with T lymphocytes, evident by morphological changes observed via AFM analysis.
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