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Xu F, Gao M, Wang HX, Wu XL, Liu H, Ma C, Yao QT, Zhao HY. Effect of Discharge Voltage on the Microstructure of Graphene/PEKK Composite Samples by Electromagnetic Powder Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3256. [PMID: 37571150 PMCID: PMC10421528 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The light weight, electrical conductivity, environmental friendliness, and high mechanical properties of graphene/PEKK composites make them popular in biomedical, electronic component and aerospace fields. However, the compaction density and carbonization of the specimen influence the microstructure and conductivity of the graphene/PEKK composite prepared by in situ polymerization, so electromagnetic-assisted molding was used to manufacture products to avoid carbonization and enhance the compaction density. The effects of different discharge voltages on the microstructure of the formed graphene/PEKK specimens were compared. Increasing the discharge voltage will lead to a closer distribution of flake graphene in the matrix to improve the compaction density, mechanical performance and conductivity. At the same time, the numerical analysis model was validated by comparison with the compaction density of the experimental results. Based on this research, the stress/strain distribution on the specimen was obtained with increasing discharge voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, No. 189 Qianshan Centre Road, Anshan 114051, China; (C.M.); (Q.-T.Y.)
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui-Xiong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Xue-Lian Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, No. 189 Qianshan Centre Road, Anshan 114051, China; (C.M.); (Q.-T.Y.)
| | - Quan-Tong Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, No. 189 Qianshan Centre Road, Anshan 114051, China; (C.M.); (Q.-T.Y.)
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Yingkou Institute of Technology, No. 46 Bowen Road, Yingkou 115014, China;
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Xu F, Gao M, Wang H, Liu H, Yan F, Zhao H, Yao Q. Polymer-based graphene composite molding: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2538-2551. [PMID: 36741177 PMCID: PMC9843696 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based graphene composite products with high mechanical properties, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity are obtained by different molding technologies. Although these processes conveniently realize the molding of polymer composites, it is often difficult to control the product quality because of the fluctuation of the temperature and pressure threshold. At the same time, a high temperature or external load will carbonize polymer composites or cause excessive porosity to influence the compacted density and electrical conductivity. In this review, additive manufacturing, injection molding, extrusion molding, hot pressing, spark plasma sintering, electromagnetic-assisted molding and other processing methods were introduced. Meanwhile, the powder molding mechanism and material constitutive model were introduced, providing appropriate molding methods and theoretical guidance based on the performance of raw materials and the performance requirements of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology LiaoNingQianshan Centre Road 189#114051AnshanChina,School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityXuefu Road 301#Zhenjiang212000China
| | - M. Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityXuefu Road 301#Zhenjiang212000China
| | - H. Wang
- Ningbo Sunny Optoelectronic Information Co., LtdYuyao, 1918#NingboZhejiangChina
| | - H. Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityXuefu Road 301#Zhenjiang212000China
| | - F. Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology LiaoNingQianshan Centre Road 189#114051AnshanChina
| | - H. Zhao
- School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Yingkou Institute of TechnologyBowen Road 46#115014YingkouChina
| | - Q. Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology LiaoNingQianshan Centre Road 189#114051AnshanChina
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Reduced Graphene Oxide—Polycarbonate Electrodes on Different Supports for Symmetric Supercapacitors. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors (SCs) are widely studied, as they are needed for the development of energy storage devices in electrical vehicles and flexible electronics. In the current work, a self-supported paper of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with polycarbonate (PC) (as rGO-PC composite) was prepared by simple vacuum filtration and low-temperature annealing. rGO-PC as a freestanding single electrode was studied in a three-electrode system and presented a capacitive energy storage mechanism. To fabricate SCs based on rGO-PC, flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with layers of both Cu tape (Cu tape) and carbon tape (C tape) (PET/Cu/C), as well as PET covered by graphene ink (PET/GrI), were used as supports. Fabricated flexible symmetric SCs have shown similar behavior with a higher areal capacitance value than that on PET/Cu/C substrate.
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Thermal/Electrical Properties and Texture of Carbon Black PC Polymer Composites near the Electrical Percolation Threshold. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5080212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycarbonate (PC), a thermoplastic polymer with excellent properties, is used in many advanced technological applications. When PC is blended with other polymers or additives, new properties, such as electrical properties, can be available. In this study, carbon black (CB) was melt-compounded with PC to produce polymer compounds with compositions (10–16 wt.% of CB), which are close to or above the electrical percolation threshold (13.5–14 wt.% of CB). Effects due to nanofiller dispersion/aggregation in the polymer matrix, together with phase composition, glass transition temperature, morphology and textural properties, were studied by using thermal analysis methods (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry) and scanning electron microscopy. The DC electrical properties of these materials were also investigated by means of electrical conductivity measurements and correlated with the “structure” of the CB, to better explain the behaviour of the composites close to the percolation threshold.
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Yang J, Custer D, Chun Chiang C, Meng Z, Yao XH. Understanding the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Graphene Reinforced Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 191:110339. [PMID: 33737768 PMCID: PMC7963262 DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating graphene nanosheets into a polymer matrix is a promising way to utilize the remarkable electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene. However, the underlying mechanisms near the graphene-polymer interface remain poorly understood. In this study, we employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the nanoscale mechanisms present in graphene-reinforced polycarbonate (GRPC) and the effect of those mechanisms on GRPC's mechanical properties. With a mean-squared displacement analysis, we find that the polymer chains near the GRPC interface exhibit lower mobility than the chains further from the graphene sheet. We also show that the embedding of graphene increases Young's modulus and yield strength of bulk PC. Through non-equilibrium MD simulations and a close look into the deformation mechanisms, we find that early strain localization arises in GRPC, with voids being concentrated further away from the graphene sheet. These results indicate that graphene nanosheets promote the heterogeneous deformation of GRPC. Additionally, to gain deeper insight into the mechanical, interfacial, and viscoelastic properties of GRPC, we study the effects of varying PC chain lengths and interfacial interactions as well as the comparative performance of GRPC and PC under small amplitude oscillatory shear tests. We find that increasing the interfacial interaction leads to an increase in both storage and loss moduli, whereas varying chain length has minimal influence on the dynamic modulus of GRPC. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the nanoscale failure mechanisms and structure-property relationships of graphene reinforced polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Daniel Custer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Cho Chun Chiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Zhaoxu Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - X H Yao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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Zhong J, Ding Y, Gao F, Wen J, Zhou J, Zheng W, Shen L, Fu C, Wang B. Free volume correlation with electrical conductivity of polycarbonate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ding
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Fu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
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Alberti C, Scheliga F, Enthaler S. Depolymerization of End‐of‐Life Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) via Transesterification with Acetic Anhydride as Depolymerization Reagent. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Alberti
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte ChemieUniversität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 D–20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Felix Scheliga
- Institut für technische und makromolekulare ChemieUniversität Hamburg Bundesstraße 45 D–20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stephan Enthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte ChemieUniversität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 D–20146 Hamburg Germany
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Bagotia N, Choudhary V, Sharma DK. A review on the mechanical, electrical and EMI shielding properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene reinforced polycarbonate nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bagotia
- Centre for Energy Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Veena Choudhary
- Centre for Polymer Science and Technology; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - D. K. Sharma
- Centre for Energy Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
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