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Tseng HY, Lizama JH, Shen YW, Chen CJ. The pursuit of further miniaturization of screen printed micro paper-based analytical devices utilizing controlled penetration towards optimized channel patterning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21496. [PMID: 34728732 PMCID: PMC8563737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main objectives of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices is to present solutions particularly, for applications in low-resource settings. Therefore, screen-printing appears to be an attractive fabrication technique in the field, due to its overall simplicity, affordability, and high-scalability potential. Conversely, the minimum feature size attained using screen-printing is still rather low, especially compared to other fabrication methods, mainly attributed to the over-penetration of hydrophobic agents, underneath defined patterns on masks, into the fiber matrix of paper substrates. In this work, we propose the use of the over-penetration to our advantage, whereby an appropriate combination of hydrophobic agent temperature and substrate thickness, allows for the proper control of channel patterning, rendering considerably higher resolutions than prior arts. The implementation of Xuan paper and nail oil as novel substrate and hydrophobic agent, respectively, is proposed in this work. Under optimum conditions of temperature and substrate thickness, the resolution of the screen-printing method was pushed up to 97.83 ± 16.34 μm of channel width with acceptable repeatability. It was also found that a trade-off exists between achieving considerably high channel resolutions and maintaining high levels of repeatability of the process. Lastly, miniaturized microfluidic channels were successfully patterned on pH strips for colorimetric pH measurement, demonstrating its advantage on negligible sample-volume consumption in nano-liter range during chemical measurement and minimal interference on manipulation of precious samples, which for the first time, is realized on screen-printed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yang Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jose H Lizama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Jen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Fu J, Li XB, Wang LX, Lv XH, Lu Z, Wang F, Xia Q, Yu L, Li CM. One-Step Dip-Coating-Fabricated Core-Shell Silk Fibroin Rice Paper Fibrous Scaffolds for 3D Tumor Spheroid Formation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7462-7471. [PMID: 35019488 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioscaffolds are important substrates for supporting three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Silk fibroin (SF) is an attractive biomaterial in tissue engineering because of its good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Electrospinning is one of the most often used approaches to fabricate SF fibrous scaffolds; yet, this technique still faces many challenges, such as low yield, residual organic solvents, limited extensibility of fibers, and a lack of spatial control over pore size. To circumvent these limitations, a core-shell SF on rice paper (SF@RP) fibrous scaffold was fabricated using a mild one-step dip-coating method. The cellulose fiber matrix of RP is the physical basis of the 3D scaffold, whereas the SF coating on the cellulose fiber controls the adhesion/spreading of the cells. The results indicated that by tuning the secondary structure of SF on the surface of a SF@RP scaffold, the cell behavior on SF@RP could be tuned. Tumor spheroids can be formed on SF@RP scaffolds with a dominant random secondary structure, in contrast to cells adhering and spreading on SF@RP scaffolds with a higher ratio of β-sheet secondary structures. Direct culturing of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, lung cancer A549, prostate cancer DU145, and liver cancer HepG2 cells could spontaneously lead to corresponding tumor spheroids on SF@RP. In addition, the physiological characteristics of HepG2 tumor spheroids were investigated, and the results showed that compared with HepG2 monolayer cells, CYP3A4, CYP1A1, and albumin gene expression levels in HepG2 cell spheres formed on SF@RP scaffolds were significantly higher. Moreover, these spheroids showed higher drug resistance. In summary, these SF@RP scaffolds prepared by the dip-coating method are biocompatible substrates for cell culture, especially for tumor cell spheroid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Bai Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xiang Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hui Lv
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.,Institute of Advanced Cross-field Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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Tang R, Liu L, Li M, Yao X, Yang Y, Zhang S, Li F. Transparent Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Paper as a New Platform for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14219-14227. [PMID: 32962346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multilayered and stacked cellulose paper has emerged as a promising platform for construction of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture because of its low cost, good biocompatibility, and high porosity. However, its poor light transmission makes it challenging to directly and clearly monitor cell behaviors (e.g., growth and proliferation) on the paper-based platform using an optical microscope. In this work, we developed a transparent microcrystalline cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (MCC/PVA) paper with irregular pores through dissolution and regeneration of microcrystalline nanocellulose, addition of a porogen reagent (NaCl), and subsequently dipping in PVA solutions. The transparent MCC paper displays high porosity (up to 90%), adjustable pore size (between 23 and 46 μm), large thickness (from 315 to 436 μm), and high light transmission under water (>95%). Through further modification of the transparent MCC paper with PVA, the obtained transparent MCC/PVA paper shows enhanced mechanical properties (dry and wet strengths), good hydrophilicity (with a contact angle of 70.8°), and improved biocompatibility (cell viability up to 90%). By stacking and destacking multiple layers of the transparent MCC/PVA paper, it has been used for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture platforms. The transparent MCC/PVA paper under water enables both direct observation of cell morphology by an optical microscope via naked eyes and fluorescence microscope after staining. We envision that the developed transparent MCC/PVA paper holds great potential for future applications in various bioanalytical and biomedical fields, such as drug screening, tissue engineering, and organ-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Tang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Lina Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yaowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Sufeng Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Agarwal T, Borrelli MR, Makvandi P, Ashrafizadeh M, Maiti TK. Paper-Based Cell Culture: Paving the Pathway for Liver Tissue Model Development on a Cellulose Paper Chip. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3956-3974. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80078, Italy
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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A falling film bioreactor (FFBR) for generating effective gas-to-liquid mass transfer using wavy laminar flow for continuous microbial gas processing. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Agarwal T, Biswas P, Pal S, Maiti TK, Chakraborty S, Ghosh SK, Dhar R. Inexpensive and Versatile Paper-Based Platform for 3D Culture of Liver Cells and Related Bioassays. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2522-2533. [PMID: 35025303 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pratik Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sampriti Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Riddhiman Dhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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