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He X, Yamada M, Watanabe J, Pengyu Q, Chen J, Egusa H. Titanium nanotopography enhances mechano-response of osteocyte three-dimensional network toward osteoblast activation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213939. [PMID: 38954876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The bone turnover capability influences the acquisition and maintenance of osseointegration. The architectures of osteocyte three-dimensional (3D) networks determine the direction and activity of bone turnover through osteocyte intercellular crosstalk, which exchanges prostaglandins through gap junctions in response to mechanical loading. Titanium nanosurfaces with anisotropically patterned dense nanospikes promote the development of osteocyte lacunar-canalicular networks. We investigated the effects of titanium nanosurfaces on intercellular network development and regulatory capabilities of bone turnover in osteocytes under cyclic compressive loading. MLO-Y4 mouse osteocyte-like cell lines embedded in type I collagen 3D gels on titanium nanosurfaces promoted the formation of intercellular networks and gap junctions even under static culture conditions, in contrast to the poor intercellular connectivity in machined titanium surfaces. The osteocyte 3D network on the titanium nanosurfaces further enhanced gap junction formation after additional culturing under cyclic compressive loading simulating masticatory loading, beyond the degree observed on machined titanium surfaces. A prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor cancelled the dual effects of titanium nanosurfaces and cyclic compressive loading on the upregulation of gap junction-related genes in the osteocyte 3D culture. Supernatants from osteocyte monolayer culture on titanium nanosurfaces promoted osteocyte maturation and intercellular connections with gap junctions. With cyclic loading, titanium nanosurfaces induced expression of the regulatory factors of bone turnover in osteocyte 3D cultures, toward higher osteoblast activation than that observed on machined surfaces. Titanium nanosurfaces with anisotropically patterned dense nanospikes promoted intercellular 3D network development and regulatory function toward osteoblast activation in osteocytes activated by cyclic compressive loading, through intercellular crosstalk by prostaglandin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindie He
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Qu Pengyu
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jiang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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2
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Tanaka T, Miyakoshi Y, Kobayashi Y, Xiaolong S, Daiyang Y, Ochi H, Sato S, Kato T, Yoshii T, Okawa A, Kaldis P, Inose H. Regulation of Osteoblast to Osteocyte Differentiation by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-1. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300136. [PMID: 37424388 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes have recently been identified as a new regulator of bone remodeling, but the detailed mechanism of their differentiation from osteoblasts remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. Osteocyte and Osteoblast-specific Cdk1 knockout in mice (Dmp1-Cdk1KO ) results in trabecular bone loss. Pthlh expression increases during differentiation, but inhibiting CDK1 activity reduces Pthlh expression. Parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration is reduced in the bone marrow of Dmp1-Cdk1KO mice. Four weeks of Parathyroid hormone administration partially recovers the trabecular bone loss in Dmp1-Cdk1KO mice. These results demonstrate that Cdk1 plays an essential role in the differentiation from osteoblast to osteocyte and the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of bone mass regulation and can help develop efficient therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sun Xiaolong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yu Daiyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Box 50332, Malmö, SE-202 13, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, SE-202 13, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Inose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Research, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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3
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Gao L, Liu G, Wu X, Liu C, Wang Y, Ma M, Ma Y, Hao Z. Osteocytes autophagy mediated by mTORC2 activation controls osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts activities under mechanical loading. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109634. [PMID: 37164247 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanosensitive response for cellular homeostasis and survival in osteocytes. However, the mechanism and its effect on bone metabolism have not yet clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate how compressive cyclic force (CCF) induced autophagic response in osteocytes and to determine the effect of mechanically induced-autophagy on bone cells including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Autophagic puncta observed in MLO-Y4 cells increased after exposure to CCF. The upregulated levels of the LC3-II isoform and the degradation of p62 further confirmed the increased autophagic flux. Additionally, ATP synthesis and release, osteocalcin (OCN) expression, and cell survival increased in osteocytes as well. The Murine osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were cultured in conditioned medium collected from MLO-Y4 cells subjected to CCF. The concentration of FGF23 increased and the concentrations of SOST and M-CSF and RANKL/OPG ratio decreased significantly in the conditioned medium. Moreover, the promotion of osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and function in RAW 264.7 cells were significantly attenuated when osteocytes autophagy was inhibited by siAtg7. Our findings suggested that CCF induced protective autophagy in osteocytes and subsequently enhanced osteocytes survival and osteoblasts differentiation and downregulated osteoclasts activities. Further study revealed that CCF induced autophagic response in osteocytes through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) activation. In conclusion, CCF-induced osteocytes autophagy upon mTORC2 activation promoted osteocytes survival and osteogenic response and decreased osteoclastic function. Thus, osteocytes autophagy will provide a promising target for better understanding of bone physiology and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xiangnan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chuanzi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Meirui Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Zheng L, Zhou D, Ju F, Liu Z, Yan C, Dong Z, Chen S, Deng L, Chan S, Deng J, Zhang X. Oscillating Fluid Flow Activated Osteocyte Lysate-Based Hydrogel for Regulating Osteoblast/Osteoclast Homeostasis to Enhance Bone Repair. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204592. [PMID: 37017573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As major regulators on bone formation/resorption in response to mechanical stimuli, osteocytes have shown great promise for restoring bone injury. However, due to the unmanageable and unabiding cell functions in unloading or diseased environments, the efficacy of osteogenic induction by osteocytes has been enormously limited. Herein, a facile method of oscillating fluid flow (OFF) loading for cell culture is reported, which enables osteocytes to initiate only osteogenesis and not the osteolysis process. After OFF loading, multiple and sufficient soluble mediators are produced in osteocytes, and the collected osteocyte lysates invariably induce robust osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation while restraining osteoclast generation and activity under unloading or pathological conditions. Mechanistic studies confirm that elevated glycolysis and activation of the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are the major contributors to the initiation of osteoinduction functions induced by osteocytes. Moreover, an osteocyte lysate-based hydrogel is designed to establish a stockpile of "active osteocytes" to sustainably deliver bioactive proteins, resulting in accelerated healing through regulation of endogenous osteoblast/osteoclast homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Disheng Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Feier Ju
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Chenzhi Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Shuna Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Szehoi Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, P. R. China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Xingding Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518106, P. R. China
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5
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Lin CY, Song X, Seaman K, You L. Microfluidic Co-culture Platforms for Studying Osteocyte Regulation of Other Cell Types under Dynamic Mechanical Stimulation. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:478-492. [PMID: 36149593 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteocytes are the most abundant cell type in bone. These unique cells act primarily as mechanosensors and play crucial roles in the functional adaptation of bone tissue. This review aims to summarize the recent microfluidic studies on mechanically stimulated osteocytes in regulating other cell types. RECENT FINDINGS Microfluidics is a powerful technology that has been widely employed in recent years. With the advantages of microfluidic platforms, researchers can mimic multicellular environments and integrate dynamic systems to study osteocyte regulation under mechanical stimulation. Microfluidic platforms have been developed to investigate mechanically stimulated osteocytes in the direct regulation of multiple cell types, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and cancer cells, and in the indirect regulation of cancer cells via endothelial cells. Overall, these microfluidic studies foster the development of treatment approaches targeting osteocytes under mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Seaman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lidan You
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cooper ID, Brookler KH, Crofts CAP. Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1165. [PMID: 34572351 PMCID: PMC8472634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD), conditions of hyperinsulinaemia, have lower levels of osteocalcin and bone remodelling, and increased rates of fragility fractures. Unlike osteoporosis with lower bone mineral density (BMD), T2DM bone fragility "hyperinsulinaemia-osteofragilitas" phenotype presents with normal to increased BMD. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance positively associate with increased BMD and fragility fractures. Hyperinsulinaemia enforces glucose fuelling, which decreases NAD+-dependent antioxidant activity. This increases reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial fission, and decreases oxidative phosphorylation high-energy production capacity, required for osteoblasto/cytogenesis. Osteocytes directly mineralise and resorb bone, and inhibit mineralisation of their lacunocanalicular space via pyrophosphate. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases vitamin D availability via adipocyte sequestration, reducing dendrite connectivity, and compromising osteocyte viability. Decreased bone remodelling and micropetrosis ensues. Trapped/entombed magnesium within micropetrosis fossilisation spaces propagates magnesium deficiency (MgD), potentiating hyperinsulinaemia and decreases vitamin D transport. Vitamin D deficiency reduces osteocalcin synthesis and favours osteocyte apoptosis. Carbohydrate restriction/fasting/ketosis increases beta-oxidation, ketolysis, NAD+-dependent antioxidant activity, osteocyte viability and osteocalcin, and decreases excess insulin exposure. Osteocalcin is required for hydroxyapatite alignment, conferring bone structural integrity, decreasing fracture risk and improving metabolic/endocrine homeodynamics. Patients presenting with fracture and normal BMD should be investigated for T2DM and hyperinsulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D. Cooper
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Kenneth H. Brookler
- Research Collaborator, Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Catherine A. P. Crofts
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW One aim in bone tissue engineering is to develop human cell-based, 3D in vitro bone models to study bone physiology and pathology. Due to the heterogeneity of cells among patients, patient's own cells are needed to be obtained, ideally, from one single cell source. This review attempts to identify the appropriate cell sources for development of such models. RECENT FINDINGS Bone marrow and peripheral blood are considered as suitable sources for extraction of osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast progenitor cells. Recent studies on these cell sources have shown no significant differences between isolated progenitor cells. However, various parameters such as medium composition affect the cell's proliferation and differentiation potential which could make the peripheral blood-derived stem cells superior to the ones from bone marrow. Peripheral blood can be considered a suitable source for osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast progenitor cells, being less invasive for the patient. However, more investigations are needed focusing on extraction and differentiation of both cell types from the same donor sample of peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ansari
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Imerb N, Thonusin C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Aging, obese-insulin resistance, and bone remodeling. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Smargiassi A, Bertacchini J, Checchi M, Potì F, Tenedini E, Montosi G, Magarò MS, Amore E, Cavani F, Ferretti M, Grisendi G, Maurel DB, Palumbo C. WISP-2 expression induced by Teriparatide treatment affects in vitro osteoblast differentiation and improves in vivo osteogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110817. [PMID: 32439416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Osteocyte, recognized as a major orchestrator of osteoblast and osteoclast activity, is the most important key player during bone remodeling processes. Imbalances occurring during bone remodeling, caused by hormone perturbations or by mechanical loading alterations, can induce bone pathologies such as osteoporosis. Recently, the active fraction of parathormone, PTH (1-34) or Teriparatide (TPTD), was chosen as election treatment for osteoporosis. The effect of such therapy is dependent on the temporal manner of administration. The molecular reasons why the type of administration regimen is so critical for the fate of bone remodeling are numerous and not yet well known. Our study attempts to analyze diverse signaling pathways directly activated in osteocytes upon TPTD treatment. By means of gene array analysis, we found many molecules upregulated or downregulated in osteocytes. Later, we paid attention to Wisp-2, a protein involved in the Wnt pathway, that is secreted by MLO-Y4 cells and increases upon TPTD treatment and that is able to positively influence the early phases of osteogenic differentiation. We also confirmed the pro osteogenic property of Wisp-2 during mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into the preliminary osteoblast phenotype. The same results were confirmed with an in vivo approach confirming a remarkable Wisp-2 expression in metaphyseal trabecular bone. These results highlighted the anabolic roles unrolled by osteocytes in controlling the action of neighboring cells, suggesting that the perturbation of certain signaling cascades, such as the Wnt pathway, is crucial for the positive regulation of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Smargiassi
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health (ICMH), University Building, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Marta Checchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Montosi
- Center for Hemochromatosis, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Sara Magarò
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Emanuela Amore
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marzia Ferretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Delphine B Maurel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, BioTis, INSERM Unit 1026, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carla Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Yan Y, Wang L, Ge L, Pathak JL. Osteocyte-Mediated Translation of Mechanical Stimuli to Cellular Signaling and Its Role in Bone and Non-bone-Related Clinical Complications. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:67-80. [PMID: 31953640 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue and produce a wide range of cytokines and cellular signaling molecules in response to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we aimed to summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in the osteocyte-mediated translation of mechanical stimuli to cellular signaling, and discuss their role in skeletal (bone) diseases and extra-skeletal (non-bone) clinical complications. RECENT FINDINGS Two decades before, osteocytes were assumed as a dormant cells buried in bone matrix. In recent years, emerging evidences have shown that osteocytes are pivotal not only for bone homeostasis but also for vital organ functions such as muscle, kidney, and heart. Osteocyte mechanotransduction regulates osteoblast and osteoclast function and maintains bone homeostasis. Mechanical stimuli modulate the release of osteocyte-derived cytokines, signaling molecules, and extracellular cellular vesicles that regulate not only the surrounding bone cell function and bone homeostasis but also the distant organ function in a paracrine and endocrine fashion. Mechanical loading and unloading modulate the osteocytic release of NO, PGE2, and ATPs that regulates multiple cellular signaling such as Wnt/β-catenin, RANKL/OPG, BMPs, PTH, IGF1, VEGF, sclerostin, and others. Therefore, the in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of osteocyte mechanotransduction could unravel therapeutic targets for various bone and non-bone-related clinical complications such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and cancer metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Linhu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
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11
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Mei X, Middleton K, Shim D, Wan Q, Xu L, Ma YHV, Devadas D, Walji N, Wang L, Young EWK, You L. Microfluidic platform for studying osteocyte mechanoregulation of breast cancer bone metastasis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:119-129. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBone metastasis is a common, yet serious, complication of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells that extravasate from blood vessels to the bone devastate bone quality by interacting with bone cells and disrupting the bone remodeling balance. Although exercise is often suggested as a cancer intervention strategy and mechanical loading during exercise is known to regulate bone remodeling, its role in preventing bone metastasis remains unknown. We developed a novel in vitro microfluidic tissue model to investigate the role of osteocytes in the mechanical regulation of breast cancer bone metastasis. Metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured inside a 3D microfluidic lumen lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which is adjacent to a channel seeded with osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells. Physiologically relevant oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) (1 Pa, 1 Hz) was applied to mechanically stimulate the osteocytes. Hydrogel-filled side channels in-between the two channels allowed real-time, bi-directional cellular signaling and cancer cell extravasation over 3 days. The applied OFF was capable of inducing intracellular calcium responses in osteocytes (82.3% cells responding with a 3.71 fold increase average magnitude). Both extravasation distance and percentage of extravasated side-channels were significantly reduced with mechanically stimulated osteocytes (32.4% and 53.5% of control, respectively) compared to static osteocytes (102.1% and 107.3% of control, respectively). This is the first microfluidic device that has successfully integrated stimulatory bone fluid flow, and demonstrated that mechanically stimulated osteocytes reduced breast cancer extravasation. Future work with this platform will determine the specific mechanisms involved in osteocyte mechanoregulation of breast cancer bone metastasis, as well as other types of cancer metastasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Middleton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongsub Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qianqian Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liangcheng Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Heng Vivian Ma
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepika Devadas
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noosheen Walji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lidan You
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Bellavia D, De Luca A, Carina V, Costa V, Raimondi L, Salamanna F, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Deregulated miRNAs in bone health: Epigenetic roles in osteoporosis. Bone 2019; 122:52-75. [PMID: 30772601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) has shown to enhance or inhibit cell proliferation, differentiation and activity of different cell types in bone tissue. The discovery of miRNA actions and their targets has helped to identify them as novel regulations actors in bone. Various studies have shown that miRNA deregulation mediates the progression of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis. The present review intends to give an exhaustive overview of miRNAs with experimentally validated targets involved in bone homeostasis and highlight their possible role in osteoporosis development. Moreover, the review analyzes miRNAs identified in clinical trials and involved in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - A De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Salamanna
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Wu Y, Kadota-Watanabe C, Ogawa T, Moriyama K. Combination of estrogen deficiency and excessive mechanical stress aggravates temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:39-46. [PMID: 30959278 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that degenerative conditions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), such as osteoarthritis (OA) and progressive condylar resorption, are caused by multiple etiological factors, such as hormonal imbalance and excessive mechanical stress. However, it is unclear whether these factors interrelate in the degenerative process of the condyle. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of combined hormonal imbalance and excessive mechanical stress on the condyle using a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in 8-week-old female mice. Three weeks after OVX, a build-up resin was bonded to the right maxillary molars to create imbalanced occlusion (increased occlusal vertical dimension, iOVD). Mice were divided into four groups: control, OVX, iOVD, and OVX + iOVD. RESULTS Histomorphometric analysis showed the lowest cartilage thickness and the highest TMJ-OA score in the OVX + iOVD group. Bone structural analysis showed significantly lower subchondral bone mass in all experimental groups. Additionally, the OVX + iOVD group showed up-regulated osteoclastic activity and increased apoptosis in the condyle. Gene expression analysis showed significantly elevated expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines in the OVX + iOVD group. These data showed that the OVX + iOVD group exhibited the most severe inflammatory TMJ-OA. Upregulation of ERα and activation of the ERK pathway was observed in the OVX + iOVD group. CONCLUSIONS Additive effects of estrogen deficiency and excessive mechanical stress on the condyle exacerbate TMJ-OA. Furthermore, estrogen deficiency and excessive mechanical stress combined may exacerbate TMJ-OA though activation of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Chiho Kadota-Watanabe
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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14
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Smith JK. IL-6 and the dysregulation of immune, bone, muscle, and metabolic homeostasis during spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:24. [PMID: 30534586 PMCID: PMC6279793 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that exercise-related secretion of IL-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is proportionate to body weight, suggesting that IL-6 is gravisensitive and that suboptimal production of this key cytokine may contribute to homeostatic dysregulations that occur during spaceflight. This review details what is known about the role of this key cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity, hematopoiesis, and in bone, muscle and metabolic homeostasis on Earth and in the microgravity of space and suggests an experimental approach to confirm or disavow the role of IL-6 in space-related dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kelly Smith
- Departments of Academic Affairs and Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN USA
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15
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Dabouian A, Bakhshi H, Irani S, Pezeshki-Modaress M. β-Carotene: a natural osteogen to fabricate osteoinductive electrospun scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9941-9945. [PMID: 35540852 PMCID: PMC9078714 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene (βC) as a natural osteogenic material was incorporated in PCL electrospun mats to fabricate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. These scaffolds successfully supported the attachment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Seeded scaffolds were calcinated during 21 days of cell culture in a non-differential medium, which showed the osteodifferentiation of MSCs. Expression of RUNX2, SOX9, and osteonectin proved the osteoinductive effect of incorporated β-carotene on the differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts without using any external osteogenic differential agent. However, the cells did not pass the early phase of osteogenesis and were still osteochondro-progenitor after 21 days of incubation. Thus, the fabricated fibrous scaffolds are potential candidates for direct bone tissue engineering. Electrospun PCL scaffolds containing β-carotene as a natural osteogenic material can differentiate MSCs to osteoblasts without using external differential agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Dabouian
- Department of Biology
- School of Basic Sciences
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- 1477893855 Tehran
| | - Hadi Bakhshi
- Macromolecular Chemistry II
- University of Bayreuth
- Universitätsstraße 30
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology
- School of Basic Sciences
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- 1477893855 Tehran
| | - Mohamad Pezeshki-Modaress
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Tehran Central Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
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