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Wang Y, Su W, Chen J, Xing Y, Zhang H, Qian D. A review of hydrogen chloride removal from calcium- and sodium-based sorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27322-5. [PMID: 37213019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the steady progress of ultra-low emissions in various industries, the management of unconventional pollutants is gradually attracting attention. A such unconventional pollutant that negatively affects many different processes and pieces of equipment is hydrogen chloride (HCl). Although it has strong advantages and potential in the treatment of industrial waste gas and synthesis gas, the process technology of removing HCl by calcium- and sodium-based alkaline powder has not yet been thoroughly studied. The impact of reaction factors on the dechlorination of calcium- and sodium-based sorbents is reviewed, including temperature, particle size, and water form. The most recent developments in sodium- and calcium-based sorbents for capturing hydrogen chloride were presented, and the dechlorination capabilities of various sorbents were contrasted. In the low-temperature range, sodium-based sorbents had a stronger dechlorination impact than calcium-based sorbents. Surface chemical reactions and product layer diffusion between solid sorbents and gases are crucial mechanisms. Meanwhile, the effect of the competitive behavior of SO2 and CO2 with HCl on the dechlorination performance has been taken into account. The mechanism and necessity of selective hydrogen chloride removal are also provided and discussed, and future research directions are pointed out to provide the theoretical basis and technical reference for future industrial practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayi Qian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining, China.
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Zhou X, Tang W, He M, Xiao X, Wang T, Cheng S, Zhang L. Combined removal of SO 3 and HCl by modified Ca(OH) 2 from coal-fired flue gas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159466. [PMID: 36257446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As treatments for mainstream pollutants in coal-fired power plants have been established, the control of non-conventional pollutants, such as SO3 and HCl, is gradually gaining attention. In this study, combined SO3 and HCl removal is proposed based on SO3 removal by absorber injection. However, it is challenging to selectively absorb SO3 and HCl from SO2-rich atmospheres. Therefore, Ca(OH)2 was modified via ball milling and doping with CuO for the combined removal of SO3 and HCl. The results showed that ball milling reduced the particle and grain sizes of Ca(OH)2, which increased the active sites of Ca(OH)2 and prolonged reaction time. After modification by ball milling, SO3 absorption per mg of Ca(OH)2 increased by 40 %. However, HCl removal efficiency was difficult to improve by modifying Ca(OH)2 using only ball milling under SO3 and SO2 atmospheres. Therefore, the dechlorination capacity of Ca(OH)2 was improved by adding ions during the ball milling process. Doping of Ca(OH)2 with Cu2+ changed its crystal structure, weakened the diffusion resistance of HCl, and improved Ca(OH)2 utilization. Additionally, it increased the energy of Ca(OH)2 to adsorb HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Minqiang He
- Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Xia Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Shanjie Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Yan Z, Cui B, Zhao T, Luo Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Li N, Bu N, Yuan Y, Xia L. A Carbazole-Functionalized Porous Aromatic Framework for Enhancing Volatile Iodine Capture via Lewis Electron Pairing. Molecules 2021; 26:5263. [PMID: 34500694 PMCID: PMC8434361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich porous networks with additional polarity and basicity may serve as effective adsorbents for the Lewis electron pairing of iodine molecules. Herein a carbazole-functionalized porous aromatic framework (PAF) was synthesized through a Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and 2,7-dibromocarbazole building monomers. The resulting solid with a high nitrogen content incorporated the Lewis electron pairing effect into a π-conjugated nano-cavity, leading to an ultrahigh binding capability for iodine molecules. The iodine uptake per specific surface area was ~8 mg m-2 which achieved the highest level among all reported I2 adsorbents, surpassing that of the pure biphenyl-based PAF sample by ca. 30 times. Our study illustrated a new possibility for introducing electron-rich building units into the design and synthesis of porous adsorbents for effective capture and removal of volatile iodine from nuclear waste and leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Yan
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifu Luo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongcui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Jialin Xie
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Naishun Bu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.Y.); (B.C.); (H.Z.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
- Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
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