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Ali DS, Sofela SO, Deliorman M, Sukumar P, Abdulhamid MS, Yakubu S, Rooney C, Garrod R, Menachery A, Hijazi R, Saadi H, Qasaimeh MA. OMEF biochip for evaluating red blood cell deformability using dielectrophoresis as a diagnostic tool for type 2 diabetes mellitus. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2906-2919. [PMID: 38721867 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent and debilitating disease with numerous health risks, including cardiovascular diseases, kidney dysfunction, and nerve damage. One important aspect of T2DM is its association with the abnormal morphology of red blood cells (RBCs), which leads to increased blood viscosity and impaired blood flow. Therefore, evaluating the mechanical properties of RBCs is crucial for understanding the role of T2DM in cellular deformability. This provides valuable insights into disease progression and potential diagnostic applications. In this study, we developed an open micro-electro-fluidic (OMEF) biochip technology based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) to assess the deformability of RBCs in T2DM. The biochip facilitates high-throughput single-cell RBC stretching experiments, enabling quantitative measurements of the cell size, strain, stretch factor, and post-stretching relaxation time. Our results confirm the significant impact of T2DM on the deformability of RBCs. Compared to their healthy counterparts, diabetic RBCs exhibit ∼27% increased size and ∼29% reduced stretch factor, suggesting potential biomarkers for monitoring T2DM. The observed dynamic behaviors emphasize the contrast between the mechanical characteristics, where healthy RBCs demonstrate notable elasticity and diabetic RBCs exhibit plastic behavior. These differences highlight the significance of mechanical characteristics in understanding the implications for RBCs in T2DM. With its ∼90% sensitivity and rapid readout (ultimately within a few minutes), the OMEF biochip holds potential as an effective point-of-care diagnostic tool for evaluating the deformability of RBCs in individuals with T2DM and tracking disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Samer Ali
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Samuel O Sofela
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammedin Deliorman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ma-Sum Abdulhamid
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sherifa Yakubu
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ciara Rooney
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ryan Garrod
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- The Malta College of Arts, Science & Technology, Paola, Malta
| | - Rabih Hijazi
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussein Saadi
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
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2
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Yu M, Li YJ, Yang YN, Xue CD, Xin GY, Liu B, Qin KR. A microfluidic array enabling generation of identical biochemical stimulating signals to trapped biological cells for single-cell dynamics. Talanta 2024; 267:125172. [PMID: 37699267 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based analyses of single-cell dynamics in response to dynamic biochemical signals are emerging as pivotal approaches for investigating the effects of extracellular microenvironmental biochemical factors on cellular structure, function, and behavior. However, current devices often fail to consistently apply identical dynamic biochemical signals to trapped cells. In this study, we introduce a novel radially distributed single-cell trapping microfluidic array, designed to quantitatively and consistently apply identical biochemical stimulating signals to each trapped cell. Numerical simulations were employed to optimize microchannel geometry, enhancing trapping efficiency while minimizing signal distortion. Experimental validation demonstrated the trapping success rate and the single-cell trapping efficiency exceeding 99% and 85%, respectively. The microarray's capability to deliver identical dynamic biochemical stimulating signals, with various waveforms, to each unit was confirmed through fluorescein transport tests. Furthermore, we examined the intracellular calcium dynamics of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells in response to dynamic ATP signals, observing both single-peak calcium responses and calcium oscillations, which were modelled by a second-order system with a natural frequency of 1.6 mHz. Overall, our proposed microfluidic array offers a robust and valuable framework for advancing the understanding of single-cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yu-Nong Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Gui-Yang Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China.
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Boulais E, Gervais T. The 2D microfluidics cookbook - modeling convection and diffusion in plane flow devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1967-1980. [PMID: 36884010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of microfluidic systems operate not through networks of microchannels but instead through using 2D flow fields. While the design rules for channel networks are already well-known and exposed in microfluidics textbooks, the knowledge underlying transport in 2D microfluidics remains scattered piecemeal and is not easily accessible to experimentalists and engineers. In this tutorial review, we formulate a unified framework for understanding, analyzing and designing 2D microfluidic technologies. We first show how a large number of seemingly different devices can all be modelled using the same concepts, namely flow and diffusion in a Hele-Shaw cell. We then expose a handful of mathematical tools, accessible to any engineer with undergraduate level mathematics knowledge, namely potential flow, superposition of charges, conformal transforms and basic convection-diffusion. We show how these tools can be combined to obtain a simple "recipe" that models almost any imaginable 2D microfluidic system. We end by pointing to more advanced topics beyond 2D microfluidics, namely interface problems and flow and diffusion in the third dimension. This forms the basis of a complete theory allowing for the design and operation of new microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulais
- Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM) and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Canada
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Zhang W, Yao F, Li WF, Liu HF, Wang FC. Effect of Chamber Depth Modifications on Flow Regimes and Mixing Performance in Cross-Shaped Mixers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine, Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion, Shanghai201112, China
| | - Wei-feng Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Hai-feng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Fu-chen Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal Gasification, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
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Zhang W, Shi Z, Xu X, Li W, Liu H, Wang F. Oscillation induced by vortex ring shedding in a cross-shaped channel. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over stretchable plates and cylinders with an oncoming flow: Exact solutions. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Brimmo AT, Menachery A, Sukumar P, Qasaimeh MA. Noncontact Multiphysics Probe for Spatiotemporal Resolved Single-Cell Manipulation and Analyses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100801. [PMID: 34008302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity and spatial arrangement of individual cells within tissues are critical to the identity of the host multicellular organism. While current single-cell techniques are capable of resolving heterogeneity, they mostly rely on extracting target cells from their physiological environment and hence lose the spatiotemporal resolution required for understanding cellular networks. Here, a multifunctional noncontact scanning probe that can precisely perform multiple manipulation procedures on living single-cells, while within their physiological tissue environment, is demonstrated. The noncontact multiphysics probe (NMP) consists of fluidic apertures and "hump" shaped electrodes that simultaneously confine reagents and electric signals with a single-cell resolution. The NMP's unique electropermealization-based approach in transferring macromolecules through the cell membrane is presented. The technology's adjustable spatial ability is demonstrated by transfecting adjacent single-cells with different DNA plasmid vectors. The NMP technology also opens the door for controllable cytoplasm extraction from living single-cells. This powerful application is demonstrated by executing multiple time point biopsies on adherent cells without affecting the integrity of the extracted macromolecules or the viability of cells. Furthermore, the NMP's function as an electro-thermal based microfluidic whole-cell tweezer is reported. This work offers a multifunctional tool with unprecedented probing features for spatiotemporal single-cell analysis within tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T Brimmo
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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Alsenafi A, Bég OA, Ferdows M, Bég TA, Kadir A. Numerical study of nano-biofilm stagnation flow from a nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface with variable nanofluid and bioconvection transport properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9877. [PMID: 33972577 PMCID: PMC8111028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model is developed for stagnation point flow toward a stretching or shrinking sheet of liquid nano-biofilm containing spherical nano-particles and bioconvecting gyrotactic micro-organisms. Variable transport properties of the liquid (viscosity, thermal conductivity, nano-particle species diffusivity) and micro-organisms (species diffusivity) are considered. Buongiorno's two-component nanoscale model is deployed and spherical nanoparticles in a dilute nanofluid considered. Using a similarity transformation, the nonlinear systems of partial differential equations is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These resulting equations are solved numerically using a central space finite difference method in the CodeBlocks Fortran platform. Graphical plots for the distribution of reduced skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number, reduced Sherwood number and the reduced local density of the motile microorganisms as well as the velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and the density of motile microorganisms are presented for the influence of wall velocity power-law index (m), viscosity parameter [Formula: see text], thermal conductivity parameter (c4), nano-particle mass diffusivity (c6), micro-organism species diffusivity (c8), thermophoresis parameter [Formula: see text], Brownian motion parameter [Formula: see text], Lewis number [Formula: see text], bioconvection Schmidt number [Formula: see text], bioconvection constant (σ) and bioconvection Péclet number [Formula: see text]. Validation of the solutions via comparison related to previous simpler models is included. Further verification of the general model is conducted with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Extensive interpretation of the physics is included. Skin friction is elevated with viscosity parameter ([Formula: see text] whereas it is suppressed with greater Lewis number and thermophoresis parameter. Temperatures are elevated with increasing thermal conductivity parameter ([Formula: see text] whereas Nusselt numbers are reduced. Nano-particle volume fraction (concentration) is enhanced with increasing nano-particle mass diffusivity parameter ([Formula: see text]) whereas it is markedly reduced with greater Lewis number (Le) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb). With increasing stretching/shrinking velocity power-law exponent ([Formula: see text] skin friction is decreased whereas Nusselt number and Sherwood number are both elevated. Motile microorganism density is boosted strongly with increasing micro-organism diffusivity parameter ([Formula: see text]) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb) but reduced considerably with greater bioconvection Schmidt number (Sc) and bioconvection Péclet number (Pe). The simulations find applications in deposition processes in nano-bio-coating manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Anwar Bég
- Department of Mechanical/Aeronautical Engineering, Salford University, Manchester, M54WT, UK
| | - M Ferdows
- Research Group of Fluid Flow Modeling and Simulation, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasveer A Bég
- Renewable Energy and Computational Multi-Physics, Israfil House, Dickenson Rd., Manchester, M13, UK
| | - A Kadir
- Department of Mechanical/Aeronautical Engineering, Salford University, Manchester, M54WT, UK
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9
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Montanero JM, Gañán-Calvo AM. Dripping, jetting and tip streaming. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:097001. [PMID: 32647097 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aba482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dripping, jetting and tip streaming have been studied up to a certain point separately by both fluid mechanics and microfluidics communities, the former focusing on fundamental aspects while the latter on applications. Here, we intend to review this field from a global perspective by considering and linking the two sides of the problem. First, we present the theoretical model used to study interfacial flows arising in droplet-based microfluidics, paying attention to three elements commonly present in applications: viscoelasticity, electric fields and surfactants. We review both classical and current results of the stability of jets affected by these elements. Mechanisms leading to the breakup of jets to produce drops are reviewed as well, including some recent advances in this field. We also consider the relatively scarce theoretical studies on the emergence and stability of tip streaming in open systems. Second, we focus on axisymmetric microfluidic configurations which can operate on the dripping and jetting modes either in a direct (standard) way or via tip streaming. We present the dimensionless parameters characterizing these configurations, the scaling laws which allow predicting the size of the resulting droplets and bubbles, as well as those delimiting the parameter windows where tip streaming can be found. Special attention is paid to electrospray and flow focusing, two of the techniques more frequently used in continuous drop production microfluidics. We aim to connect experimental observations described in this section of topics with fundamental and general aspects described in the first part of the review. This work closes with some prospects at both fundamental and practical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Montanero
- Depto. de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales and Instituto de Computación Científica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - A M Gañán-Calvo
- Depto. de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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A Taylor analogy model for droplet dynamics in planar extensional flow. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Thermal Slip in Oblique Radiative Nano-polymer Gel Transport with Temperature-Dependent Viscosity: Solar Collector Nanomaterial Coating Manufacturing Simulation. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In this work, we fabricate microfluidic probes (MFPs) in a single step by stereolithographic 3D printing and benchmark their performance with standard MFPs fabricated via glass or silicon micromachining. Two research teams join forces to introduce two independent designs and fabrication protocols, using different equipment. Both strategies adopted are inexpensive and simple (they only require a stereolithography printer) and are highly customizable. Flow characterization is performed by reproducing previously published microfluidic dipolar and microfluidic quadrupolar reagent delivery profiles which are compared to the expected results from numerical simulations and scaling laws. Results show that, for most MFP applications, printer resolution artifacts have negligible impact on probe operation, reagent pattern formation, and cell staining results. Thus, any research group with a moderate resolution (≤100 µm) stereolithography printer will be able to fabricate the MFPs and use them for processing cells, or generating microfluidic concentration gradients. MFP fabrication involved glass and/or silicon micromachining, or polymer micromolding, in every previously published article on the topic. We therefore believe that 3D printed MFPs is poised to democratize this technology. We contribute to initiate this trend by making our CAD files available for the readers to test our "print & probe" approach using their own stereolithographic 3D printers.
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Qasaimeh MA, Pyzik M, Astolfi M, Vidal SM, Juncker D. Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Moving Gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Abu Dhabi 129188 UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; NY 11201 USA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Brigham &Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mélina Astolfi
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 1A4 Canada
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