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Stavrou M, Zyla G, Ladika D, Dumur F, Farsari M, Gray D. Push-Pull Carbazole-Based Dyes: Synthesis, Strong Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response, and Effective Photoinitiation for Multiphoton Lithography. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:1653-1666. [PMID: 39206344 PMCID: PMC11348418 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The present work reports on the ultrafast nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of D-π-Α and D-A push-pull carbazole-based dyes and establishes a correlation between these properties and their efficiency for potential photonic and optoelectronic applications such as multiphoton lithography (MPL). The ultrafast NLO properties of the studied dyes are determined by two distinct experimental techniques, Z-scan and pump-probe optical Kerr effect (OKE), employing 246 fs laser pulses at 515 nm. The results indicate that chemical functionalization of the carbazole moiety with various strong electron-donating and/or electron-withdrawing groups, such as benzene, styrene, 4-bromostyrene, nitrobenzene, trimethyl isocyanurate, methyl, and indane-1,3-dione, can result in a controlled and significant enhancement of the NLO absorptive and refractive responses. In the context of potential applications, the efficiency of carbazole-based organic materials as photoinitiators (PIs) for MPL applications is demonstrated. The fabricated woodpile microstructure using chemically functionalized carbazole as a PI demonstrates improvements in both feature size and MPL efficiency compared to that using unfunctionalized carbazole as a PI. This is attributed to the efficient charge transfer resulting from chemical functionalization, which leads to a substantial increase (approximately 1 order of magnitude) in the values of the imaginary part of the second-order hyperpolarizability (Imγ) and the two-photon absorption cross section (σ). The achieved feature size of 280 nm is comparable to that obtained with other widely used PIs in MPL applications. Additionally, owing to the strong NLO properties of the studied functionalized carbazole, they could also be promising candidates for further applications in photonics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Stavrou
- Foundation
for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Gordon Zyla
- Foundation
for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ladika
- Foundation
for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Frederic Dumur
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille F-13397, France
| | - Maria Farsari
- Foundation
for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - David Gray
- Foundation
for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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Brush-like Polyaniline with Optical and Electroactive Properties at Neutral pH and High Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158085. [PMID: 35897666 PMCID: PMC9330365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, a brush-like polyaniline (poly(2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate)-g-polyaniline)-b-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (BL PAni) was developed as a strategy to overcome the limited processability and dedoping above pH 4 of conventional polyaniline (PAni). For the BL PAni synthesis, RAFT polymerization (homopolymer), RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (block copolymer), and interfacial oxidative polymerization were applied to graft the PAni chains. NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies were performed to confirm the structural elucidation of the reaction pathways, while the thermal properties were analyzed by TGA and DSC. Notably, the BL PAni presents absorption throughout the visible region and up to the near-infrared, showing dedoping resistance at up to 80 °C and at a neutral pH. The absorption range of the BL PAni, block copolymer, and homopolymer were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy in solid-state and dispersion/solution, highlighting BL PAni and poly(anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate)-b-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PAAMP-b-PVK) due to the π-stacking between the anilinium and carbazole groups. The cyclic voltammetry confirmed the persistence of electroactivity at a pH near 7.
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Jayalakshmi A, Keerthika N, Santhanagopal R. Polychalcones based on triphenylamine and carbazole building blocks via
Claisen–Schmidt
route. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Jayalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nagarajan Keerthika
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur Tamil Nadu India
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TamilSelvan S, Prakasam A, Venkatesh G, Kamal C, Sheena Mary Y, Parveen Banu S, Vennila P, Shyma Mary Y. Synthesis, spectral characterizations, molecular geometries and electronic properties of phenothiazine based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A number of organic dye compounds is developed and used as dye-sensitized solar cells in order to produce cost-effective devices and enhance cell performance. In this aspect, phenothiazine based organic dye compounds such as (E)-3-(7-bromo-10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-yl) acrylic acid and (E)-3-(7-bromo-10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid have been synthesized. The synthesized dye compounds have been characterized through Fourier-transform infrared, Fourier-transform Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method. The Ultraviolet–Visible spectra were recorded and electronic features were discussed with the theoretically calculated bands using time-dependent density functional theory. Frontier molecular orbital, natural bond orbital and non-linear optical properties have been calculated for these compounds using density functional theory. The photosensitization properties such as light harvesting efficiency and electron injection driving force (∆G
inject) have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamalai Prakasam
- Department of Physics , Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College , Rasipuram 638052 , India
| | - Ganesan Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry , VSA Group of Institutions , Salem , Tamil Nadu 636010 , India
| | - Chennappan Kamal
- Department of Chemistry , Mahendra College of Engineering , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu 636106 , India
| | - Yohannan Sheena Mary
- Department of Physics , Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous) , Kollam , Kerala , India
| | | | - Palanisamy Vennila
- Department of Chemistry , Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College , Rasipuram 638052 , India
| | - Yohannan Shyma Mary
- Department of Physics , Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous) , Kollam , Kerala , India
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Li X, Song P, Zhao D, Li Y. Theoretical Investigation on Photophysical Properties of Triphenylamine and Coumarin Dyes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4834. [PMID: 33137902 PMCID: PMC7663121 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules with donor and acceptor configures are widely used in optoelectronic materials. Triphenylamine dyes (TPCTh and TPCRh) are investigated via density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. Some microscopic parameters related to light absorption and photoelectric formation are calculated to interpret the experimental performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCS). Considering that coumarin derivatives (Dye 10 and Dye 11) have good donor and acceptor structures, they also have a COOH group used as an anchoring group to connect with semiconductors. Thus, the two dyes' photophysical and photoelectric properties are analyzed to estimate the performance and application in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China;
| | - Dongpeng Zhao
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
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Lozano-Hernández LA, Maldonado JL, Garcias-Morales C, Espinosa Roa A, Barbosa-García O, Rodríguez M, Pérez-Gutiérrez E. Efficient OLEDs Fabricated by Solution Process Based on Carbazole and Thienopyrrolediones Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E280. [PMID: 29385678 PMCID: PMC6017460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four low molecular weight compounds-three of them new, two of them with carbazole (Cz) as functional group and the other two with thienopyrroledione (TPD) group-were used as emitting materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Devices were fabricated with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emitting material/LiF/Al. The hole injector layer (HIL) and the emitting sheet were deposited by spin coating; LiF and Al were thermally evaporated. OLEDs based on carbazole derivatives show luminances up to 4130 cd/m², large current efficiencies about 20 cd/A and, cautiously, a very impressive External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) up to 9.5%, with electroluminescence peaks located around 490 nm (greenish blue region). Whereas, devices manufactured with TPD derivatives, present luminance up to 1729 cd/m², current efficiencies about 4.5 cd/A and EQE of 1.5%. These results are very competitive regarding previous reported materials/devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Abraham Lozano-Hernández
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - José-Luis Maldonado
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Cesar Garcias-Morales
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Arian Espinosa Roa
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Oracio Barbosa-García
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Pérez-Gutiérrez
- CONACYT-Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Complejo de Ciencias, ICUAP, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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