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Huang R, Chen Z, Ding K, Sun E, Huang Y, Wei Y, Jia X. Study on the intervention effect of Epimedium before and after suet-oil-processed on kidney yang deficiency rats based on intestinal flora and fecal metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115957. [PMID: 38181555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in clinical practice to reinforce yang. Previous studies have shown that Epimedium fried with suet oil based has the best effect on warming kidney and promoting yang. Evidence suggests a relationship between kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) and metabolic disorders of the intestinal microflora. However, the specific interaction between KYDS and the intestinal microbiome, as well as the internal regulatory mechanism of the KYDS intestinal microbiome regulated by Epimedium fried with suet oil, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of different processed products of Epimedium on intestinal microflora and metabolites in rats with kidney yang deficiency, and to reveal the processing mechanism of Epimedium fried with suet oil warming kidney and helping yang. 16 S rRNA and LC-MS/MS technology were used to detect fecal samples. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis, differential intestinal flora and metabolites were screened. Then the content of differential bacteria was then quantified using quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR. Furthermore, the correlation between differential bacterial flora and metabolites was analyzed using Spearman's method. The study found that the composition of intestinal flora in rats with kidney yang deficiency changed compared to healthy rats. Epimedium fried with suet oil could increase the levels of beneficial bacteria, while significantly reducing the levels of harmful bacteria. Real-time quantitative PCR results were consistent with 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Fecal metabolomics revealed that KYDS was associated with 30 different metabolites, involving metabolic pathways steroid hormone biosynthesis etc. Moreover, differential bacteria were closely correlated with potential biomarkers. Epimedium could improve metabolic disorders associated with KYDS by acting on the intestinal flora, with Epimedium fried with suet oil demonstrating the most effective regulatory effect. Its potential mechanism may involve the regulation of abnormal metabolism and the impact on the diversity and structure of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ziliang Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Ke Ding
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - E Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Yawei Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Wang J, Li J, Hu M. Mechanism analysis of Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14447. [PMID: 38230788 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the main risk factors of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWT) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription that is used for treating AS. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanism of BYHWT in treatment of AS through network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Molecular structure information and targets of core components of BYHWT were obtained from PubChem and UniProtKB databases. Genes involved in AS were obtained from DisGeNet, GeneCards and OMIM databases. The core targets of BYHWT in AS treatment were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis with STRING platform, and analyzed by gene ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding affinity between the core targets and the bioactive ingredients. HUVEC viability, inflammatory response and mRNA expression levels of core target genes were evaluated by cell counting kit 8 assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR. A total of 60 candidate compounds and 325 predicted target genes were screened. PPI network analysis suggested that TP53, SRC, STAT3, and AKT1 may be the core targets. BYHWT in AS treatment was associated with 46 signaling pathways. GA120, baicalein, and 3,9-di-o-methylnissolin had good binding affinity with core target proteins. Baicalein treatment could significantly promoted the viability and repress the inflammatory response of HUVEC cells stimulated by ox-LDL. In addition, Baicalein can regulate the expression of core targets including AKT1, MAPK1, PIK3CA, JUN, TP53, SRC, EGFR, and ESR1. In conclusion, BYHWT and its main bioactive component baicalein, inhibit inflammatory response and modulate multiple downstream genes of endothelial cells, and show good potential to block the progression of AS and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu L, Qi YF, Wang M, Chen BX, Zhou QB, Tong WX, Zhang Y. A serum metabolomics study of vascular cognitive impairment patients based on Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1305439. [PMID: 38116379 PMCID: PMC10728729 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1305439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) accounts for approximately 50%-70% of all dementia cases and poses a significant burden on existing medical systems. Identifying an optimal strategy for preventing VCI and developing efficient symptomatic treatments remains a significant challenge. Syndrome differentiation represents a fundamental approach for personalized diagnosis and treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and aligns with the principles of precision medicine. The objective of this study was to elucidate the metabolic characteristics of VCI based on TCM syndrome differentiation, thus providing novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of VCI. Methods: A 2-year cross-sectional cognitive survey was conducted in four communities in Beijing between September 2020 and November 2022. The syndrome differentiation of participants was based on the Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Scale (KYDSS), which was originally developed by Delphi expert consultation. The identification of serum metabolites was performed by Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis coupled with an electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-QTOF MS). Multivariate, univariate, and pathway analyses were used to investigate metabolic changes. Logistic regression models were also used to construct metabolite panels that were capable of discerning distinct groups. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) levels were measured by a commercial ELISA kit. Results: A total of 2,337 residents completed the survey, and the prevalence of VCI was 9.84%. Of the patients with VCI, those with Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (VCIS) accounted for 70.87% of cases and exhibited more severe cognitive impairments. A total of 80 participants were included in metabolomics study, including 30 with VCIS, 20 without Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (VCINS), and 30 healthy control participants (C). Ultimately, 45 differential metabolites were identified when comparing the VCIS group with group C, 65 differential metabolites between the VCINS group and group C, and 27 differential metabolites between the VCIS group and the VCINS group. The downregulation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) along with the upregulation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidic acid (PA) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) can be considered as the general metabolic characteristics associated with VCI. Dysfunction of glycerophospholipids, particularly LPEs and PCs, was identified as a key metabolic characteristic of VCIS. In particular Glycerophospho-N-Arachidonoyl Ethanolamine (GP-NArE) was discovered for the first time in VCI patients and is considered to represent a potential biomarker for VCIS. The upregulation of PLA2 expression was implicated in the induction of alterations in glycerophospholipid metabolism in both VCIS and VCINS. Moreover, robust diagnostic models were established based on these metabolites, achieving high AUC values of 0.9322, 0.9550, and 0.9450, respectively. Conclusion: These findings contribute valuable information relating to the intricate relationship between metabolic disorders in VCI, neurodegeneration and vascular/neuroinflammation. Our findings also provide a TCM perspective for the precise diagnosis and treatment of VCI in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-fei Qi
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-xin Chen
- Second Department of Encephalopathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-bing Zhou
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-xin Tong
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Song Y, Ma J, Gao H, Zhai J, Zhang Y, Gong J, Qu X, Hu T. The identification of key metabolites and mechanisms during isoniazid/rifampicin-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in a mouse model by HPLC-TOF/MS-based untargeted urine metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115709. [PMID: 37690188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The co-administration of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) is associated with hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. To systematically investigate the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by INH/RIF, we used high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze urine from a mouse model and screened a range of urinary biomarkers. Mice were orally co-administered with INH (120 mg/kg) and RIF (240 mg/kg) and urine samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity were assessed by samples of liver, brain and kidney tissue which were harvested for histological analysis. Toxicity analysis revealed that INH/RIF caused hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity in a time-dependent manner; compared with day 0, the levels of 35, 82 and 86 urinary metabolites were significantly different on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Analysis showed that by day 21, exposure to INH+RIF had caused disruption in vitamin B6 metabolism; the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids; tyrosine, taurine, hypotaurine metabolism; the synthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinones; and the metabolism of tryptophan, nicotinate and nicotinamide. Nicotinic acid, nicotinuric acid and kynurenic acid were identified as sensitive urinary biomarkers that may be useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Jiawei Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China.
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Wang YX, Zhang JY, Cao YM, Liu T, Zhang ZK, Zhang BX, Feng WS, Li K, Zheng XK, Zhou N. Coptis chinensis-Induced Changes in Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1547-1576. [PMID: 37530506 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma coptidis (CR) is traditionally used for treating gastrointestinal diseases. Wine-processed CR (wCR), zingiber-processed CR (zCR), and evodia-processed CR (eCR) are its major processed products. However, the related study of their specific mechanisms is very limited, and they need to be further clarified. The aim of this study is to compare the intervening mechanism of wCR/zCR/eCR on rats via faecal metabolomics and 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. First, faecal samples were collected from the control and CR/wCR/zCR/eCR groups. Then, a metabolomics analysis was performed using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS to obtain the metabolic profile and significantly altered metabolites. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis was carried out to analyze the composition of gut microbiota and screen out the significantly altered microbiota at the genus level. Finally, a pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly altered metabolites via the KEGG database and a functional prediction of relevant gut microbes based on PICRUSt2 software were performed in combination. Together with the correlation analysis between metabolites and gut microbiota, the potential intervening mechanism of wCR/zCR/eCR was explored. The results suggested that wCR played a good role in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting glycolysis, and reducing cholesterol; zCR had a better effect on protecting the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier, preventing gastric ulcers, and reducing body cholesterol; eCR was good at protecting the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier and promoting glycolysis. This study scientifically elucidated the intervening mechanism of wCR/zCR/eCR from the perspective of faecal metabolites and gut microbiota, providing a new insight into the processing mechanism research of Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Kai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450018, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450018, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
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Xu B, Yang Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Huang Y, Ding X, Chu J, Peng T, Wu D, Jin C, Li W, Cai B, Wang X. 16S rDNA sequencing combined with metabolomics profiling with multi-index scoring method reveals the mechanism of salt-processed Semen Cuscuta in Bushen Antai mixture on kidney yang deficiency syndrome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1216:123602. [PMID: 36652816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a classic syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The salt-processed product of Semen Cuscuta (YP) is the monarch drug in Bushen Antai Mixture (BAM), can improve the reproductive dysfunction caused by KYDS, and the effect is better than that of raw products of Semen Cuscuta (SP). However, its mechanism is not completely clear yet. In this study, an integrated strategy combining untargeted metabolomics with microbiology was used to explore the mechanism of YP in the BAM improving KYDS. 16S rDNA gene sequencing showed that BAM containing YP (Y-BAM) had a significantly better regulatory effect on Desulfobacterota and Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified than BAM containing SP (S-BAM). Untargeted metabolomics studies showed that Y-BAM significantly regulated 4 metabolites and 4 metabolic pathways. In addition, multi-index analysis showed that the effect of Y-BAM on arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, purine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism and total metabolism was closer to that of the control group compared to S-BAM. The analysis of serum biochemical indexes showed that Y-BAM had more significant regulating effect on the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum of KYDS rats compared to S-BAM. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between intestinal microorganisms and metabolites and serum biochemical indexes. For example, Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified was positively correlated with arachidonic acid, and negatively correlated with SOD and LH. This study suggests that YP may enhance the regulation of intestinal flora and endogenous metabolism of KYDS, so that BAM shows a better therapeutic effect on KYDS, which also reasonably explains why BAM uses Semen Cuscuta stir-baked with salt solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zhitong Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zilu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ximeng Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jijun Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tangyi Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Deling Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chuanshan Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Heritage Base of TCM Processing Technolovgy of NATCM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Heritage Base of TCM Processing Technolovgy of NATCM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Hefei 230012, China.
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7
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Sun E, Huang R, Ding K, Wang L, Hou J, Tan X, Wei Y, Feng L, Jia X. Integrating strategies of metabolomics, network pharmacology, and experiment validation to investigate the processing mechanism of Epimedium fried with suet oil to warm kidney and enhance yang. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113213. [PMID: 36762111 PMCID: PMC9905240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used in ancient and modern China, is one of the traditional Chinese medicines clinically used to treat kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS). There are differences in the efficacy of Epimedium before and after processing, and the effect of warming the kidney and enhancing yang is significantly enhanced after heating with suet oil. However, the active compounds, corresponding targets, metabolic pathways, and synergistic mechanism of frying Epimedium in suet oil to promote yang, remain unclear. Methods: Herein, a strategy based on comprehensive GC-TOF/MS metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis was used to construct an "active compounds-targets-metabolic pathways" network to identify the active compounds, targets and metabolic pathways involved. Subsequently, the targets in kidney tissue were further validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Histopathological analysis with physical and biochemical parameters were performed. Results: Fifteen biomarkers from urine and plasma, involving five known metabolic pathways related to kidney yang deficiency were screened. The network pharmacology results showed 37 active compounds (13 from Epimedium and 24 from suet oil), 159 targets, and 267 pathways with significant correlation. Importantly, integrated metabolomics and network pharmacologic analysis revealed 13 active compounds (nine from Epimedium and four from suet oil), 7 corresponding targets (ALDH2, ARG2, GSTA3, GSTM1, GSTM2, HPGDS, and NOS2), two metabolic pathways (glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism), and two biomarkers (Ornithine and 5-Oxoproline) associated with improved kidney yang deficiency by Epimedium fried with suet oil. Discussion: These finds may elucidate the underlying mechanism of yang enhancement via kidney warming effects. Our study indicated that the mechanism of action mainly involved oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. Here, we demonstrated the novel strategies of integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology in exploring of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: E. Sun, ; Xiaobin Jia,
| | - Ran Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: E. Sun, ; Xiaobin Jia,
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8
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Torres MA, Pedrosa AC, Novais FJ, Alkmin DV, Cooper BR, Yasui GS, Fukumasu H, Machaty Z, de Andrade AFC. Metabolomic signature of spermatozoa established during holding time is responsible for differences in boar sperm freezability. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:213-226. [PMID: 34725678 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Holding at room temperature is the first step in most boar semen cryopreservation protocols. It is well accepted that a holding time (HT) of 24 h increases sperm cryotolerance. However, the effect of HT on ejaculates with different freezability is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to understand how HT influences spermatic and seminal plasma metabolite profiles of boar ejaculates and how these possible changes affect freezability. Twenty-seven ejaculates were collected and extended to 1:1 (v: v) with BTS and split into two aliquots. The first aliquot was cryopreserved without holding time (0 h), and the second was held at 17°C for 24 h before cryopreservation. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma were collected by centrifugation at two times, before HT (0 h) and after HT (24 h), and subsequently frozen until metabolite extraction and UPLC-MS analysis. After thawing, the semen samples were evaluated for kinetics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, membrane lipid peroxidation, and fluidity. The ejaculates were then allocated into two phenotypes (good ejaculate freezers [GEF] and poor ejaculate freezers [PEF]) based on the percent reduction in sperm quality (%RSQ) as determined by the difference in total motility and membrane integrity between raw and post-thaw samples cryopreserved after 24 h of HT. The metabolic profile of the seminal plasma did not seem to influence ejaculate freezability, but that of the spermatozoa were markedly different between GEF and PEF. We identified a number of metabolic markers in the sperm cells (including inosine, hypoxanthine, creatine, ADP, niacinamide, spermine, and 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine) that were directly related to the improvement of ejaculate freezability during HT; these were components of metabolic pathways associated with energy production. Furthermore, PEF showed an up-regulation in the arginine and proline as well as the glutathione metabolism pathways. These findings help to better understand the effect of holding time on boar sperm freezability and propose prospective metabolic markers that may predict freezability; this has implications in both basic and applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Torres
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Pedrosa
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Novais
- Multi-User Lab Centralized Functional Genomics Applied to Agriculture and Agri-energy, Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture- ESALQ-USP, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP Brazil
| | | | - Bruce R Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - George S Yasui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Fishes (CEPTA/ICMBio), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - André F C de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Metabolic and Inorganic Elemental Profiling Analysis of Tortoise Shell for the Identification of Tortoise Strain. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Du K, Gao XX, Feng Y, Li J, Wang H, Lv SL, Wang PY, Zhang B, Qin XM. Integrated adrenal and testicular metabolomics revealed the protective effects of Guilingji on the Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112734. [PMID: 32151756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guilingji (GLJ) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to address the protective effects of GLJ against KYDS in rats with pharmacodynamic indicators and target tissues (adrenal gland and testis) metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) hydrocortisone to simulate KYDS and administered orally of GLJ for 30 days. Traditional pharmacodynamic indicators (body weight, behavioral indicators, biochemical parameters and histological examination) were performed to evaluate the efficacy of GLJ. Furthermore, adrenal gland and testis metabolic profiles obtained by UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS coupled with multivariate analysis were conducted to explore the metabolic regulation mechanism of GLJ. RESULTS After administration of GLJ, the weight, levels of behavioral indicators and biochemical parameters of rats were increased compared with those of the model group, and the abnormalities of morphology in adrenal and testicular tissues were improved. Furthermore, GLJ had recovering effects via the adjustment of vitamins metabolism, which was accompanied by lipids metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleotides metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The study firstly integrated the target tissues metabolic profiles, which were complementary, and GLJ had protective effects on KYDS rats via the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis, oxidant-antioxidant balance and energy acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Yan Feng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Si-Lin Lv
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- Shanxi Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Jinzhong, 030800, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shanxi Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Jinzhong, 030800, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
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11
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Zhao L, Ayu A, Pan W, Huang ZQ. The effect of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axes in a kidney-yang deficiency syndrome model. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_38_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Liu W, Wang Q, Chang J. Global metabolomic profiling of trastuzumab resistant gastric cancer cells reveals major metabolic pathways and metabolic signatures based on UHPLC-Q exactive-MS/MS. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41192-41208. [PMID: 35540060 PMCID: PMC9076425 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance mechanism exploration has become an urgent need owing to the widespread trastuzumab resistance in gastric cancer. In this study, UHPLC-Q exactive MS/MS was carried out to characterize the metabolic profiles of human gastric cancer cell lines NCI N87, MKN45 (trastuzumab-sensitive) and NCI N87/R, MKN45/R (trastuzumab-resistant), respectively. Metabolic signatures and different metabolites were identified using multivariate in combination with univariate analysis. Integrated pathway enrichment analysis was executed using MetaboAnalyst and KEGG metabolic libraries to analyze the altered metabolic pathways in trastuzumab resistant cells. A total of 79 and 75 different metabolites were positively identified by utilizing authentic standards in NCI N87/R and MKN45/R cells, respectively. Furthermore, enrichment analysis demonstrated that seven metabolic pathways in NCI N87/R cells and five in MKN45/R cells were significantly changed. These pathways are involved in amino acid, nucleotide, carbohydrate, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, of which alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism displayed the highest pathway impact and lower P value both in NCI N87/R and MKN45/R cells. Moreover, we constructed a metabolomics-proteomics network between substantially altered metabolites and target genes which revealed citrate being regulated by citrate synthase and ACLY, while proline regulation was due to EPRS, PYCRL and PYCR1/2, respectively. Overall, our findings disclose prominent alterations of metabolic signatures in NCI N87/R and MKN45/R cells when compared with the parent cells which are crucial for understanding of underlying mechanisms of resistance and for developing strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637100 China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637100 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 China
| | - Jinxia Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637100 China
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13
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Chen R, Wang J, Zhan R, Zhang L, Wang X. Fecal metabonomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the changes of gut microbiota in rats with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome and the intervention effect of You-gui pill. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112139. [PMID: 31401318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A myriad of evidence have shown that kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is associated with metabolic disorders of the intestinal microbiota, while TCMs can treat KYDS by regulating gut microbiota metabolism. However, the specific interplay between KYDS and intestinal microbiota, and the intrinsic regulation mechanism of You-gui pill (YGP) on KYDS' gut microbiota remains largely unknown so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, fecal metabonomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis were used to explore the mutual effect between KYDS and intestinal flora, and the intrinsic regulation mechanism of YGP on KYDS's gut microbiota. Rats' feces from control (CON) group, KYDS group and YGP group were collected, and metabolomic analysis was performed using 1H NMR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis to obtain differential metabolites. Simultaneously, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the stool samples and to screen for the significant altered microbiota at the genus level. After that, MetaboAnalyst database and PICRUSt software were apply to conduct metabolic pathway analysis and functional prediction analysis of the screened differential metabolites and intestinal microbiota, respectively. What's more, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on these differential metabolites and gut microbiota. RESULTS Using fecal metabonomics, KYDS was found to be associated with 21 differential metabolites and seven potential metabolic pathways. These metabolites and metabolic pathways were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, methylamine metabolism, bile acid metabolism and urea cycle, and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, we found that KYDS was related to eleven different intestinal microbiotas. These gut microbiota were mostly involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, nervous, endocrine, immune and digestive system, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Combined fecal metabonomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, we further discovered that KYDS was primarily linked to three gut microbiotas (i.e. Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio and [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group) and eleven related metabolites (i.e. deoxycholate, n-butyrate, valine, isoleucine, acetate, taurine, glycine, α-gluconse, β-glucose, glycerol and tryptophan) mediated various metabolic disorders (amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, especially methylamine metabolism, bile acid metabolism and urea cycle, short-chain fatty acid metabolism. nervous, endocrine, immune and digestive system, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism). YGP, however, had the ability to mediate four kinds of microbes (i.e. Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-007, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and uncultured_bacterium_f_Bacteroidales_S24-7_group) and ten related metabolites (i.e. deoxycholate, valine, isoleucine, alanine, citrulline, acetate, DMA, TMA, phenylalanine and tryptophan) mediated amino acid metabolism, especially methylamine metabolism, bile acid metabolism and urea cycle, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, endocrine, immune and digestive system, and lipid metabolism, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on KYDS rats. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings have preliminary confirmed that KYDS is closely related to metabolic and microbial dysbiosis, whereas YGP can improve the metabolic disorder of KYDS by acting on intestinal microbiota. Meanwhile, this will lay the foundation for the further KYDS's metagenomic research and the use of intestinal microbiotas as drug targets to treat KYDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Runhua Zhan
- Shool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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14
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Cui Y, Wang R, Zhang Y, Liu T, Han F, Li R, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Investigation of the mechanism of incompatible herb pair gansui-gancao-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and the attenuated effect of gansuibanxia decoction by UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS-based plasma metabonomic analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 173:176-182. [PMID: 31146173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gansui-Gancao is one of the "eighteen incompatible herb pairs" which was recorded 2000 years ago according to TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) theory for their toxicity when using together. Nevertheless, Gansuibanxia decoction contained the herb pair have satisfactory effect on the treatment of cancerous ascites, pericardial effusion, etc. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the incompatibility of Gansui-Gancao and the compatibility of Gansuibanxia decoction using UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS in a metabonomic perspective. Rats were divided into four groups administrated with different herb combination extracts for successive 14 days. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to plot the metabolic state and screen the potential biomarkers in plasma. A total of 20 biomarkers contributed to the separation of Gansui-Gancao group and control group were tentatively identified mainly involved in 7 metabolic pathways related to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The contents of these biomarkers were adjusted to normal levels in Gansuibanxia decoction group. Thus, the results of our study reveled the mechanism of the incompatibility of Gansui-Gancao and the compatibility of Gansuibanxia decoction in a metabonomic perspective and it's valuable for better understanding the "eighteen incompatible madicaments" of TCM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Roujia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Liu
- The Precise Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology, Liaoning Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, North Huanghe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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15
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Chen R, Wang J, Zhan R, Zhang L, Wang X. Integrated Systems Pharmacology, Urinary Metabonomics, and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis to Uncover Targets and Metabolic Pathways of the You-Gui Pill in Treating Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3655. [PMID: 31357410 PMCID: PMC6696241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a metabolic disease caused by a neuro-endocrine disorder. The You-gui pill (YGP) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of KYDS and has been widely used to warm and recuperate KYDS clinically for hundreds of years in China. However, it is unknown whetherthe corresponding targets and metabolic pathways can also be found via using metabonomics based on one platform (e.g., 1H NMR) to study different biological samples of KYDS. At the same time, relevant reports on further molecular verification (e.g., RT-qPCR analysis) of these targets associated with biomarkers and metabolic pathways have not yet, to our knowledge, been seen in KYDS's research. In the present study, a comprehensive strategy integrating systems pharmacology and 1H NMR-based urinary metabonomics analysis was proposed to identify the target proteins and metabolic pathways that YGP acts on KYDS. Thereafter, further validation of target proteins in kidney tissue was performed through quantitative real-time PCR analysis (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis were studied. As a result, seven target proteins (L-serine dehydratase; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; spermidine synthase; tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, glutamine synthetase; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; glycine amidinotransferase) in YGP were discovered to play a therapeutic role in KYDS via affecting eight metabolic pathways (glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; butanoate metabolism; TCA cycle, etc.). Importantly, three target proteins (i.e., 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; glutamine synthetase; and glycine amidinotransferase) and two metabolic pathways (butanoate metabolism and dicarboxylate metabolism) related to KYDS, to our knowledge, had been newly discovered in our study. The mechanism of action mainly involved energy metabolism, oxidative stress, ammonia metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. In short, our study demonstrated that targets and metabolic pathways for the treatment of KYDS by YGP can be effectively found via combining with systems pharmacology and urinary metabonomics. In addition to this, common and specific targets and metabolic pathways of KYDS treated by YGP can be found effectively by integration with the analysis of different biological samples (e.g., serum, urine, feces, and tissue). It is; therefore, important that this laid the foundation for deeper mechanism research and drug-targeted therapy of KYDS in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Runhua Zhan
- Shool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Chen R, Liao C, Guo Q, Wu L, Zhang L, Wang X. Combined systems pharmacology and fecal metabonomics to study the biomarkers and therapeutic mechanism of type 2 diabetic nephropathy treated with Astragalus and Leech. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27448-27463. [PMID: 35540008 PMCID: PMC9083881 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In our study, systems pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of Astragalus and Leech, and explore the therapeutic mechanism of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) treated with Astragalus and Leech. Simultaneously, to reveal the systemic metabolic changes and biomarkers associated with T2DN, we performed 1H NMR-based metabonomics and multivariate analysis to analyze fecal samples obtained from model T2DN rats. In addition, ELISA kits and histopathological studies were used to examine biochemical parameters and kidney tissue, respectively. Striking differences in the Pearson's correlation of 22 biomarkers and 9 biochemical parameters were also observed among control, T2DN and treated rats. Results of systems pharmacology analysis revealed that 9 active compounds (3,9-di-O-methylnissolin; (6aR,11aR)-9,10-dimethoxy-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzofurano[3,2-c]chromen-3-ol; hirudin; l-isoleucine; phenylalanine; valine; hirudinoidine A–C) and 9 target proteins (l-serine dehydratase; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase; tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit; hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase) of Astragalus and Leech were closely associated with the treatment of T2DN. Using fecal metabonomics analysis, 22 biomarkers were eventually found to be closely associated with the occurrence of T2DN. Combined with systems pharmacology and fecal metabonomics, these biomarkers were found to be mainly associated with 6 pathways, involving amino acid metabolism (leucine, valine, isoleucine, alanine, lysine, glutamate, taurine, phenylalanine, tryptophan); energy metabolism (lactate, succinate, creatinine, α-glucose, glycerol); ketone body and fatty acid metabolism (3-hydroxybutyrate, acetate, n-butyrate, propionate); methylamine metabolism (dimethylamine, trimethylamine); and secondary bile acid metabolism and urea cycle (deoxycholate, citrulline). The underlying mechanisms of action included protection of the liver and kidney, enhancement of insulin sensitivity and antioxidant activity, and improvement of mitochondrial function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that systems pharmacology combined with fecal metabonomics has been used to study T2DN. 6 metabolites (n-butyrate, deoxycholate, propionate, tryptophan, taurine and glycerol) associated with T2DN were newly discovered in fecal samples. These 6 metabolites were mainly derived from the intestinal flora, and related to amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and secondary bile acid metabolism. We hope the results of this study could be inspirational and helpful for further exploration of T2DN treatment. Meanwhile, our results highlighted that exploring the biomarkers of T2DN and therapeutic mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas on T2DN by combining systems pharmacology and fecal metabonomics methods was a promising strategy. In our study, systems pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of Astragalus and Leech, and explore the therapeutic mechanism of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) treated with Astragalus and Leech.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Chen
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liao
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lirong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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