1
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Donnelly K, Singh A, Tuttle T, Baumann M. [3+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes with Azomethine Ylides - Access to Novel Fluorinated Scaffolds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301861. [PMID: 37402163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorinated moieties into drugs as well as the increase of their overall three-dimensionality have become key strategies amongst medicinal chemists to generate sets of compounds with favorable drug-like properties. However, the introduction of fluorinated cyclopropane ring systems which combines both strategies is not widely exploited to date. This paper reports synthetic strategies exploiting the reactivity of gem-difluorocyclopropenes in dipolar cycloaddition reactions with azomethine ylides to afford sets of new fluorine-containing 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. In addition, the unexpected formation of complex trifluorinated scaffolds arising from proline esters and gem-difluorocyclopropenes is highlighted along with computational studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism. This study presents new avenues towards pharmaceutically relevant fluorinated 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes that are accessible via robust and short synthetic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland
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2
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Li J, Zhang Z, Chen L, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang G. Base-Promoted Intramolecular Addition of Vinyl Cyclopropanecarboxamides to Access Conformationally Restricted Aza[3.1.0]bicycles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093691. [PMID: 37175101 PMCID: PMC10179847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are common structural components in natural products and bioactive compounds. Traditionally, the metal-mediated cyclopropanation domino reaction of chain enzymes is the most commonly used strategy for the construction of this type of aza[3.1.0]bicycle derivative. In this study, a base-promoted intramolecular addition of alkenes used to deliver conformationally restricted highly substituted aza[3.1.0]bicycles is reported. This reaction was tailor-made for saturated aza[3.1.0] bicycle-containing fused bicyclic compounds that may be applied in the development of concise and divergent total syntheses of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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3
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Feng Y, Chang B, Ren Y, Zhao F, Wang KH, Wang J, Huang D, Lv X, Hu Y. Synthesis of trifluoromethylpyrrolopyrazole derivatives via [3+2] cycloaddition of trifluoromethyl N-acylhydrazones or trifluoroacetohydrazonoyl bromides with maleimides. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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4
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Zhang X, Li X, Sivaguru P, Wu J, Zanoni G, Song JN, Ning Y. Difluorodiazoethane as a masked acetylene equivalent in formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions with ketones to access 2,3-functionalized furans. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free [3+2] cycloaddition of CF2HCHN2 with β-ketones is reported, which enables the synthesis of 2,3-functionalized furans. Sequential defluorination, nucleophilic addition, and cyclization are key elemental steps of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jin-Na Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yongquan Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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5
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Pons A, Delion L, Poisson T, Charette AB, Jubault P. Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluoro, Fluoromethyl, Difluoromethyl, and Trifluoromethylcyclopropanes. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2969-2990. [PMID: 34232626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing cyclopropanes are a subclass of cyclopropane derivatives that have generated considerable interest in medicinal chemistry for several decades. The replacement of a cyclopropane C-H or C-CH3 bond with fluorine or a fluorinated group (such as CF3 or CF2H) can lead sometimes to synergistic effects in terms of biological activity and improved metabolic profile of a cyclopropane containing bioactive compound. In this context, the preparation of fluoro-, difluoromethyl-, or trifluoromethyl-cyclopropane is particularly attractive and important but quite challenging considering the unique electronic properties that result from the incorporation of a fluorine atom into a substrate or a reagent. In the past decade, we have sought to develop new routes for the stereoselective synthesis of these building blocks using the most reliable cyclopropanation methods and convenient and readily available starting materials. The challenge that had to be undertaken was how we could use the unique properties of the fluorine atom to improve upon the efficiency of a given process rather than shutting it down. This could be overcome by defining new substrate/reagent reactivity guidelines and carefully selecting whether the fluorinated group was introduced on the electrophilic or nucleophilic partner for a given reaction. In this Account, we describe our contributions in this area that take advantage of diazo-derived rhodium carbenes, zinc carbenoids, ring closure processes, and biocatalytic methods to access these important potential drug subunits. Our initial investigation relied on the development of a Michael-initiated ring closure reaction using the Reformatsky enolate derived from readily available ethyl dibromofluoroacetate and α,β-unsaturated electrophiles. The reaction proceeded extremely well but with modest to good diastereoselectivities with ester acrylates. Further extension to various fluorinated nucleophiles such as oxazolidinone based and DABCO ylides led to similar selectivities.In order to access enantioenriched fluorocyclopropanes, we then investigated the chiral dioxaborolane mediated zinc carbenoid based approaches using the fluoroiodomethylzinc carbenoid/allylic alcohol combination or the iodomethylzinc carbenoid/fluoroallylic alcohol combination. Quite surprisingly, both approaches were equally successful at providing the corresponding fluorocyclopropanes with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.To broaden the scope of fluorinated cyclopropane building blocks that could be prepared with good enantiocontrol, we then investigated the rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of fluoro-, difluoromethyl-, and trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes with acceptor-acceptor and donor-acceptor diazo reagents. Depending on the substrate/reagent combination, Hashimoto's Rh2((S)-TCPTTL)4 or Davies' Rh2((S)-BTPCP)4 catalyst proved be the most efficient catalysts providing the cyclopropane derivatives with the highest enantioselectivities.More recently, a collaboration with Fasan's group led to the use of engineered myoglobins to catalyze the reaction of ethyl diazoacetate and difluoromethyl-substituted alkenes. This biocatalyzed process led to high turnover number and high enantioselectivities.Although our work has significantly increased the number of tools in the organic chemist's toolbox, continuous efforts in this area would be beneficial to the development of diastereo- and enantioselective approaches to allow the preparation of any elusive isomers of these valuable chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pons
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 7600 Rouen, France
| | - Laetitia Delion
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 7600 Rouen, France
- Université de Montréal, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, 1374, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 7600 Rouen, France
- Institut universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
| | - André B. Charette
- Université de Montréal, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, 1374, av. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 7600 Rouen, France
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6
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Boitsov VM, Stepakov AV, Wang S, Filatov AS, Lozovskiy SV, Shmakov SV, Khoroshilova OV, Larina AG, Selivanov SI. Construction of Spiro[3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes] via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 1,2-Diphenylcyclopropenes to Ninhydrin-Derived Azomethine Ylides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1360-9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe multi-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ninhydrin, α-amino acids (or peptides), and cyclopropenes for the synthesis of spirocyclic heterocycles containing both 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane and 2H-indene-1,3-dione motifs has been developed. This method provides easy access to 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,2′-indenes with complete stereoselectivity and a high degree of atom economy under mild reaction conditions. A broad range of cyclopropenes and α-amino acids have been found to be compatible with the present protocol, which offers an opportunity to create a new library of biologically significant scaffold (3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane). In addition, the сomprehensive study of mechanism of azomethine ylide formation from ninhydrin and sarcosine was performed by means of M11 density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It has been revealed that experimentally observed 1-methylspiro[aziridine-2,2′-indene]-1′,3′-dione is a kinetically controlled product of this reaction and appears to act as a 1,3-dipole precursor. This theoretical study also shed light on the main transformations of the azomethine ylide derived from ninhydrin and sarcosine such as a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to cyclopropene dipolarophiles, a dimerization reaction and a (1+5) electrocyclization reaction. The antitumor activity of some synthesized compounds against cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell line was evaluated in vitro by MTS-assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali M. Boitsov
- Saint Petersburg Academic University Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre RAS
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | - Stanislav V. Shmakov
- Saint Petersburg Academic University Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre RAS
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7
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Wu W, Lin J, Xiao J, Cao Y, Ma Y. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of CF
3
‐ or HCF
2
‐Substituted Cyclopropanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Feng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Guiyang University 103 Jianlongdong Road Nanming District Guiyang Guizhou 550005 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Cai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 P. R. China
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8
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Decaens J, Couve-Bonnaire S, Charette AB, Poisson T, Jubault P. Synthesis of Fluoro-, Monofluoromethyl-, Difluoromethyl-, and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Three-Membered Rings. Chemistry 2021; 27:2935-2962. [PMID: 32939868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview describes recent advances toward the synthesis of fluoro-, monofluoromethyl-, difluoromethyl-, and trifluoromethyl-substituted three-membered rings such as cyclopropanes, aziridines, epoxides, episulfides, cyclopropenes, and 2 H-azirines. The main synthetic methodologies since 2016 for cyclopropanes and since 2010 for the other three-membered rings are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Decaens
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - André B Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thomas Poisson
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
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9
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Xu H, Han T, Luo X, Deng W. Construction of
3‐Azabicyclo
[3.1.0]hexane Backbone by the Reaction of Allenes with Allylamines
via
Tandem Michael Addition and
Copper‐Mediated
Oxidative Carbanion Cyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Teng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei‐Ping Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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10
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Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Non-stabilized diazoalkane synthesis via the oxidation of free hydrazones by iodosylbenzene and application in in situ MIRC cyclopropanation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3802-3806. [PMID: 31015921 PMCID: PMC6457201 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05558k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-rich alkyl diazo compounds are powerful reagents in organic synthesis, but the risks associated with their toxicity and instability often limit their uses. Herein we describe an efficient, easy-to-handle and safe batch protocol for the in situ generation and cyclopropanation of these highly reactive non-stabilized diazoalkanes through the oxidation of free hydrazones using iodosylbenzene. Numerous substituted cyclopropanes have been synthesized using this methodology, including various gem-dimethylcyclopropanes of particular interest in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M D Allouche
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P. O. Box 6128 Station Downtown , Montreal , Quebec , H3C 3J7 Canada .
| | - André B Charette
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P. O. Box 6128 Station Downtown , Montreal , Quebec , H3C 3J7 Canada .
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11
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Mykhailiuk PK, Koenigs RM. Difluorodiazoethane (CF
2
HCHN
2
): A New Reagent for the Introduction of the Difluoromethyl Group. Chemistry 2019; 25:6053-6063. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Chemistry DepartmentTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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