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Gates BC, Katz A, Liu J. Nested Metal Catalysts: Metal Atoms and Clusters Stabilized by Confinement with Accessibility on Supports. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:3-13. [PMID: 37025973 PMCID: PMC10069032 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.2c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Supported catalysts that are important in technology prominently include atomically dispersed metals and metal clusters. When the metals are noble, they are typically unstable-susceptible to sintering-especially under reducing conditions. Embedding the metals in supports such as organic polymers, metal oxides, and zeolites confers stability on the metals but at the cost of catalytic activity associated with the lack of accessibility of metal bonding sites to reactants. An approach to stabilizing noble metal catalysts while maintaining their accessibility involves anchoring them in molecular-scale nests that are in or on supports. The nests include zeolite pore mouths, zeolite surface cups (half-cages), raft-like islands of oxophilic metals bonded to metal oxide supports, clusters of non-noble metals (e.g., hosting noble metals as single-atom alloys), and nanoscale metal oxide islands that selectively bond to the catalytic metals, isolating them from the support. These examples illustrate a trend toward precision in the synthesis of solid catalysts, and the latter two classes of nested catalysts offer realistic prospects for economical large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyue Liu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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2
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Smeets V, Gaigneaux EM, Debecker DP. Titanosilicate Epoxidation Catalysts: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Smeets
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.09 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Eric M. Gaigneaux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.09 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Damien P. Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.09 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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3
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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4
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Ayla EZ, Potts DS, Bregante DT, Flaherty DW. Alkene Epoxidations with H2O2 over Groups 4–6 Metal-Substituted BEA Zeolites: Reactive Intermediates, Reaction Pathways, and Linear Free-Energy Relationships. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Zeynep Ayla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David S. Potts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel T. Bregante
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David W. Flaherty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Ardagh MA, Bregante DT, Flaherty DW, Notestein JM. Controlled Deposition of Silica on Titania-Silica to Alter the Active Site Surroundings on Epoxidation Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alexander Ardagh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel T. Bregante
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David W. Flaherty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin M. Notestein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Guo Y, Hwang SJ, Katz A. Hydrothermally robust Ti/SiO2 epoxidation catalysts via surface modification with oligomeric PMHS. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Berkson ZJ, Hsieh M, Smeets S, Gajan D, Lund A, Lesage A, Xie D, Zones SI, McCusker LB, Baerlocher C, Chmelka BF. Preferential Siting of Aluminum Heteroatoms in the Zeolite Catalyst Al‐SSZ‐70. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah J. Berkson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Ming‐Feng Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Present address: Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Chilton P.O. Box 1, Belasis Avenue Billingham TS23 1LB UK
| | - Stef Smeets
- Laboratory of Crystallography ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Present address: Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - David Gajan
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon) Université Lyon Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Alicia Lund
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon) Université Lyon Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon) Université Lyon Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dan Xie
- Chevron Energy Technology Company Richmond CA 94802 USA
| | | | - Lynne B. McCusker
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Laboratory of Crystallography ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Baerlocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Laboratory of Crystallography ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bradley F. Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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8
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Berkson ZJ, Hsieh M, Smeets S, Gajan D, Lund A, Lesage A, Xie D, Zones SI, McCusker LB, Baerlocher C, Chmelka BF. Preferential Siting of Aluminum Heteroatoms in the Zeolite Catalyst Al‐SSZ‐70. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6255-6259. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah J. Berkson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Ming‐Feng Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Present address: Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Chilton P.O. Box 1, Belasis Avenue Billingham TS23 1LB UK
| | - Stef Smeets
- Laboratory of Crystallography ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Present address: Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - David Gajan
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon) Université Lyon Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Alicia Lund
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon) Université Lyon Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon) Université Lyon Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dan Xie
- Chevron Energy Technology Company Richmond CA 94802 USA
| | | | - Lynne B. McCusker
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Laboratory of Crystallography ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Baerlocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Laboratory of Crystallography ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bradley F. Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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9
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Grosso-Giordano NA, Schroeder C, Okrut A, Solovyov A, Schöttle C, Chassé W, Marinković N, Koller H, Zones SI, Katz A. Outer-Sphere Control of Catalysis on Surfaces: A Comparative Study of Ti(IV) Single-Sites Grafted on Amorphous versus Crystalline Silicates for Alkene Epoxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4956-4960. [PMID: 29565124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of outer-sphere environment on alkene epoxidation catalysis using an organic hydroperoxide oxidant is demonstrated for calix[4]arene-TiIV single-sites grafted on amorphous vs crystalline delaminated zeotype (UCB-4) silicates as supports. A chelating calix[4]arene macrocyclic ligand helps enforce a constant TiIV inner-sphere, as characterized by UV-visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, thus enabling the rigorous comparison of outer-sphere environments across different siliceous supports. These outer-sphere environments are characterized by solid-state 1H NMR spectroscopy to comprise proximally organized silanols confined within 12 membered-ring cups in crystalline UCB-4, and are responsible for up to 5-fold enhancements in rates of epoxidation by TiIV centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás A Grosso-Giordano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Christian Schroeder
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster 48149 , Germany
| | - Alexander Okrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Andrew Solovyov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Christian Schöttle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Walter Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster 48149 , Germany
| | - Nebojša Marinković
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hubert Koller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster 48149 , Germany
| | - Stacey I Zones
- Chevron Energy Technology Company , Richmond , California 94804 , United States
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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10
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Okrut A, Aigner M, Schöttle C, Grosso-Giordano NA, Hwang SJ, Ouyang X, Zones S, Katz A. SSZ-70 borosilicate delamination without sonication: effect of framework topology on olefin epoxidation catalysis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15082-15090. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Delamination of layered zeolite precursor B-SSZ-70 succeeds in an aqueous solution of Zn(NO3)2 and Bu4NF without need for sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Okrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Martina Aigner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Christian Schöttle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | - Son-Jong Hwang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
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11
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Smeets S, Berkson ZJ, Xie D, Zones SI, Wan W, Zou X, Hsieh MF, Chmelka BF, McCusker LB, Baerlocher C. Well-Defined Silanols in the Structure of the Calcined High-Silica Zeolite SSZ-70: New Understanding of a Successful Catalytic Material. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16803-16812. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stef Smeets
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich CH 8093, Switzerland
- Berzelii
Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Material and Environmental
Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zachariah J. Berkson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dan Xie
- Chevron
Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States
| | - Stacey I. Zones
- Chevron
Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States
| | - Wei Wan
- Berzelii
Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Material and Environmental
Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Berzelii
Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Material and Environmental
Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Feng Hsieh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bradley F. Chmelka
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lynne B. McCusker
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich CH 8093, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Christian Baerlocher
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich CH 8093, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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12
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Aigner M, Grosso-Giordano NA, Schöttle C, Okrut A, Zones S, Katz A. Epoxidation of 1-octene under harsh tail-end conditions in a flow reactor II: impact of delaminated-zeolite catalyst surface area and structural integrity on catalytic performance. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of delamination approach of zeolite catalysts was investigated for olefin epoxidation in a flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aigner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | - Christian Schöttle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Alexander Okrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
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