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Wu G, Lv WL, Qian C, Liu XW. High-Throughput Identification of Single Nanoparticles via Electrochemically Assisted High-Resolution Plasmonic Scattering Interferometric Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6124-6130. [PMID: 38717388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The identification of nanoparticles within heterogeneous mixtures poses significant challenges due to the similarity in physical properties among different nanomaterials. Here, we present electrochemically assisted high-resolution plasmonic scattering interferometric microscopy (HR-PSIM). This technique allows for the high-throughput identification of nanoparticles by accurately measuring the refractive index of individual nanoparticles without interference from background signals. Through elimination of parabolic scattering interference and employing electrochemical modulation, HR-PSIM demonstrates high spatial resolution and stability against background noise, enabling the differentiation of nanoparticles with closely matched refractive indices, such as Au and Ag nanoparticles. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated through its application in real-time, label-free imaging of nanoparticle electrochemical activity, providing a platform for the precise and high-throughput characterization of nanomaterials. The robustness of our approach against electrochemical interference and its high spatial resolution mark a significant advancement in the field of nanomaterial analysis, promising wide-ranging applications in nanoparticle research and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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Zhang P, Jiang J, Zhou X, Kolay J, Wang R, Wan Z, Wang S. Label-free imaging and biomarker analysis of exosomes with plasmonic scattering microscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12760-12768. [PMID: 36519046 PMCID: PMC9645376 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05191e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosome analysis is a promising tool for clinical and biological research applications. However, detection and biomarker quantification of exosomes is technically challenging because they are small and highly heterogeneous. Here, we report an optical approach for imaging exosomes and quantifying their protein markers without labels using plasmonic scattering microscopy (PSM). PSM can provide improved spatial resolution and distortion-free image compared to conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy, with the signal-to-noise ratio similar to objective coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy, and millimeter-scale field of view as a prism-coupled SPR system, thus allowing exosome size distribution analysis with high throughput. In addition, PSM retains the high specificity and surface sensitivity of the SPR sensors and thus allows selection of exosomes from extracellular vesicles with antibody-modified sensor surfaces and in situ analyzing binding kinetics between antibody and the surface protein biomarkers on the captured exosomes. Finally, the PSM can be easily constructed on a popular prism-coupled SPR system with commercially available components. Thus, it may provide an economical and powerful tool for clinical exosome analysis and exploration of fundamental issues such as exosome biomarker binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jiapei Jiang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Jayeeta Kolay
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University 2 Sipailou Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Zijian Wan
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
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Mehta N, Sahu SP, Shaik S, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Dark-field hyperspectral imaging for label free detection of nano-bio-materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1661. [PMID: 32755036 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticle (NP)-based technologies have been utilized for targeted drug delivery during chemotherapies, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. Another active area of research is the toxicity studies of these nanomaterials to understand the cellular uptake and transport of these materials in cells, tissues, and environment. Traditional techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry to analyze NP-based cellular transport or toxicity effect are expensive, require extensive sample preparation, and are low-throughput. Dark-field hyperspectral imaging (DF-HSI), an integration of spectroscopy and microscopy/imaging, provides the ability to investigate cellular transport of these NPs and to quantify the distribution of them within bio-materials. DF-HSI also offers versatility in non-invasively monitoring microorganisms, single cell, and proteins. DF-HSI is a low-cost, label-free technique that is minimally invasive and is a viable choice for obtaining high-throughput quantitative molecular analyses. Multimodal imaging modalities such as Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy are also being integrated with HSI systems to enable chemical imaging of the samples. HSI technology is being applied in surgeries to obtain molecular information about the tissues in real-time. This article provides brief overview of fundamental principles of DF-HSI and its application for nanomaterials, protein-detection, single-cell analysis, microbiology, surgical procedures along with technical challenges and future integrative approach with other imaging and measurement modalities. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishir Mehta
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sushant P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shahensha Shaik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Gualdrón-Reyes AF, Meléndez AM, Tirado J, Mejia-Escobar MA, Jaramillo F, Niño-Gómez ME. Hidden energy levels? Carrier transport ability of CdS/CdS 1-xSe x quantum dot solar cells impacted by Cd-Cd level formation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:762-774. [PMID: 30566154 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC), a cascade energy level structure controlled by assembly of cadmium-chalcogenide quantum dots can remarkably improve the sunlight harvesting and charge carrier lifetime. Despite the advantages of using co-sensitizers, energy conversion efficiencies are still low. An increased understanding of the causes of the low photoconversion efficiency (PCE) will contribute to the development of a straightforward approach to improve solar cell performance by exploiting co-sensitization. Herein we discuss how an excess of cadmium causes structural disorder and defect levels impacting the PCE of QDSSC devices. Thus, outer CdS1-xSex/inner CdS QD-co-sensitized B,N,F-co-doped-TiO2 nanotubes (BNF-TNT) were prepared. Chalcogenides were deposited by the SILAR method on BNF-TNT, varying the load of CdS as the inner sensitizer, while for CdS1-xSex, five SILAR cycles were used (5-CdS1-xSex), controlling the nominal S/Se molar ratio of the ternary alloy. Cd defects named as Cd-Cd energy levels were observed during CdS sensitization. Although incorporation of outer CdS1-xSex provides a tunable band gap to achieve good band alignment for carrier separation, Cd-Cd energy levels in the sensitizers act as recombination centers, limiting the overall electron flow at the BNF-TNT/CdS/CdS1-xSex interface. A maximum PCE of 2.58% was reached under standard AM 1.5G solar illumination at 100 mW cm-2. Additional limitations of SILAR as a deposition strategy of QDs are also found to influence the PCE of QDSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Gualdrón-Reyes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Sede UIS Guatiguará, Piedecuesta, Santander, C.P. 681011, Colombia.
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Yang R, Zou K, Zhang X, Du C, Chen J. Target-induced photocurrent-polarity switching: a highly selective and sensitive photoelectrochemical sensing platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8939-8942. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03973b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on target-induced photocurrent-polarity switching, a highly selective and sensitive photoelectrochemical sensing platform was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Kang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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Jiang Y, Wang W. Point Spread Function of Objective-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9650-9656. [PMID: 29965733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective-based surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) is a novel optical imaging technique that can map the spatial distribution of a local refractive index based on propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Different from some other optical microscopy that shows a dot-like point spread function (PSF), a nanosized object appears as a wave-like pattern containing parabolic tails in SPRM. The geometrical complexity of the wave-like pattern hampered the quantitative interpretation of the PSF of SPRM. Previous studies have shown that two adjacent rings were obtained in the frequency domain by applying a two-dimensional Fourier transform to such patterns. In the present work, a ring-fitting method was developed to extract geometrical features out of the dual rings and to connect these features with several experimental parameters. It was found that the radius of ring equaled to the wavevector of SPPs. Its orientation revealed the propagation direction of SPPs. The coordinate distance of the center of ring gave the parallel component of the wavevector of the incident light, which was regulated by the incident angle. The ring-broadening factor reflected the propagation length of SPPs in a reciprocal relationship. Systematical and quantitative interpretations in the frequency domain not only advanced the basic understanding on the PSF of SPRM but also opened up the possibility to utilize these frequency-domain features for detection and sensing purposes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
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Yang R, Zou K, Li Y, Meng L, Zhang X, Chen J. Co3O4–Au Polyhedra: A Multifunctional Signal Amplifier for Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Assay. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9480-9486. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leixia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
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Su H, Fang Y, Chen F, Wang W. Monitoring the dynamic photocatalytic activity of single CdS nanoparticles by lighting up H 2 nanobubbles with fluorescent dyes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1448-1453. [PMID: 29719679 PMCID: PMC5896372 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lighting up photocatalyzed H2 nanobubbles with fluorescent dyes allows for measurement of dynamic photocatalytic activity of single CdS nanoparticles.
The capability of semiconductor nanomaterials to convert solar energy to chemical energy has led to many promising applications, for instance, photocatalyzed H2 generation. Studying this important photocatalytic reaction at the single nanocatalyst level provides a great opportunity to understand the microscopic reaction kinetics and mechanism by overcoming the chemical and structural heterogeneity among individuals. Here we report a fluorescence (FL) labeling strategy to visualize individual H2 nanobubbles that are generated at single CdS nanoparticles during photocatalysis. In operando imaging of nanobubble growth kinetics allows for determination of the photocatalytic activity of single nanocatalysts, which was found to randomly alternate among high activity, low activity and inactive states. In addition to H2 nanobubbles, the present labeling strategy is also suitable for other types of gas nanobubbles. Since nanomaterial-catalyzed gas generation is widely involved in many important photochemical (water splitting), electrochemical (electrolysis) and chemical (nanomotors) reactions, the present work is promising for the general applicability of single nanoparticle catalysis in broad basic and industrial fields by lighting up nanobubbles under commercial and conventional FL microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
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Abstract
Chemical activity of single nanoparticles can be imaged and determined by monitoring the optical signal of each individual during chemical reactions with advanced optical microscopes. It allows for clarifying the functional heterogeneity among individuals, and for uncovering the microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics that could otherwise be averaged out in ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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Gu XY, Gao PF, Zou HY, Liu JH, Li YF, Huang CZ. The localized surface plasmon resonance induced edge effect of gold regular hexagonal nanoplates for reaction progress monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13359-13362. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The LSPR induced edge effect of Au regular nanoplates gradually disappears accompanied with the change of doughnut-shaped far-field scattering patterns (DNSPs) into scattering solid spots with the reaction proceeding with ferric iron in a thiourea (TU) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Peng Fei Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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