1
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Sachin AR, Sreenivasulu B, Brahmananda Rao CVS, Ammath S, Gopakumar G. Tri- n-butyl Phosphate vs Tri- iso-amyl Phosphate Complexation with Th(IV), U(VI), and Nd(III): From Theory to Experiment. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7772-7784. [PMID: 39240169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The complexation behavior of tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) ligands with U(VI), Th(IV), and Nd(III) was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Quantum chemical calculations yielded identical coordination geometries for TBP and TiAP complexes. Calculated complexation energies indicated a preferential extraction of U(VI) followed by Th(IV) over Nd(III), aligning with solvent extraction experiments conducted in the cross-current mode. Notably, during the separation of Th(IV) from RE(III), an increase in Th(IV) loading in the organic phase suppressed RE(III) extraction. Further analysis highlighted the crucial role of structural features (symmetry and dipole moment) in the extraction behavior of complexes. Energy decomposition analysis underscored the essential role of geometric strain and dispersion interaction energies in deciding the stability of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ramesh Sachin
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Balija Sreenivasulu
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Cherukuri Venkata Siva Brahmananda Rao
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Suresh Ammath
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Gopinadhanpillai Gopakumar
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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2
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Gunther SO, Qiao Y, Smith PW, Ciccone SR, Ditter AS, Huh DN, Moreau LM, Shuh DK, Sun T, Arnold PL, Booth CH, de Jong WA, Evans WJ, Lukens WW, Minasian SG. 4f-Orbital mixing increases the magnetic susceptibility of Cp' 3Eu. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12667-12675. [PMID: 39148767 PMCID: PMC11322928 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01300j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional models of lanthanide electronic structure suggest that bonding is predominantly ionic, and that covalent orbital mixing is not an important factor in determining magnetic properties. Here, 4f orbital mixing and its impact on the magnetic susceptibility of Cp'3Eu (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) was analyzed experimentally using magnetometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) methods at the C K-, Eu M5,4-, and L3-edges. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-calculated C K-edge XAS spectra provided unequivocal evidence of C 2p and Eu 4f orbital mixing in the π-antibonding orbital of a' symmetry. The charge-transfer configurations resulting from 4f orbital mixing were identified spectroscopically by using Eu M5,4-edge and L3-edge XAS. Modeling of variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data showed excellent agreement with the XAS results and indicated that increased magnetic susceptibility of Cp'3Eu is due to removal of the degeneracy of the 7F1 excited state due to mixing between the ligand and Eu 4f orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olivia Gunther
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Sierra R Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Alexander S Ditter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Daniel N Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Liane M Moreau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - David K Shuh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Taoxiang Sun
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Polly L Arnold
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Wibe A de Jong
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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3
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Drummond Turnbull R, Bell NL. f-Block hydride complexes - synthesis, structure and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12814-12836. [PMID: 38953848 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Complexes formed between the heaviest and lightest elements in the periodic table yield the f-block hydrides, a unique class of compounds with wide-ranging utility and interest, from catalysis to light-responsive materials and nuclear waste storage. Recent developments in syntheses and analytics, such as exploiting low-oxidation state metal ions and improvements in X-ray diffraction tools, have transformed our ability to understand, access and manipulate these important species. This perspective brings together insights from binary metal hydrides, with molecular solution phase studies on heteroleptic complexes and gas phase investigations. It aims to provide an overview of how the f-element influences hydride formation, structure and reactivity including the sometimes-surprising power of co-ligands to tune their behaviour towards a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola L Bell
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, G12 8QQ.
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4
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MacKenzie RE, Hajdu T, Seed JA, Whitehead GFS, Adams RW, Chilton NF, Collison D, McInnes EJL, Goodwin CAP. δ-Bonding modulates the electronic structure of formally divalent nd 1 rare earth arene complexes. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03005b. [PMID: 39220159 PMCID: PMC11361033 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Landmark advances in rare earth (RE) chemistry have shown that divalent complexes can be isolated with non-Aufbau 4f n {5d/6s}1 electron configurations, facilitating remarkable bonding motifs and magnetic properties. We report a series of divalent bis-tethered arene complexes, [RE(NHAriPr6 )2] (2RE; RE = Sc, Y, La, Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb; NHAriPr6 = {N(H)C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2}). Fluid solution EPR spectroscopy gives g iso < 2.002 for 2Sc, 2Y, and 2La, consistent with formal nd1 configurations, calculations reveal metal-arene δ-bonding via mixing of nd(x 2-y 2) valence electrons into arene π* orbitals. Experimental and calculated EPR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopic properties for 2Y show that minor structural changes markedly alter the metal d(x 2-y 2) contribution to the SOMO. This contrasts 4f n {5d/6s}1 complexes where the valence d-based electron resides in a non-bonding orbital. Complexes 2Sm, 2Eu, 2Tm, and 2Yb contain highly-localised 4f n+1 ions with no appreciable metal-arene bonding by density functional calculations. These results show that the physicochemical properties of divalent rare earth arene complexes with both formal nd1 and 4f n+1 configurations are nuanced, may be controlled through ligand modification, and require a multi-pronged experimental and theoretical approach to fully rationalise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross E MacKenzie
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Tomáš Hajdu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - John A Seed
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ralph W Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University Sullivans Creek Road Canberra 2601 Australia
| | - David Collison
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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5
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Dutra FR, Vasiliu M, Gomez AN, Xia D, Dixon DA. Prediction of Redox Potentials for U, Np, Pu, and Am in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5612-5626. [PMID: 38959054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The redox properties of the actinides in aqueous solution are important for fuel production/reprocessing and understanding the environmental impact of nuclear waste. The redox potentials for U, Np, Pu, and Am in oxidation states from 0 up to VII (as appropriate) in aqueous solutions have been predicted at the density functional theory level with the B3LYP functional, Stuttgart small core pseudopotential basis sets for the actinides, and explicit (30H2O molecules)/implicit treatment of the aqueous solvent using the self-consistent reaction field COSMO and SMD approaches for the implicit solvation. The predictions of the structural parameters of clusters incorporating first and second solvation shells are consistent with the available experimental data. Our results are typically within 0.2 V of the available experimental data using two explicit solvation shells with an implicit solvent model. The use of the PW91 functional substantially improved the prediction of the Pu(VI/V) redox couple. The redox couples for An(VI/IV) and An(V/IV) which involve the addition of protons and removal of the actinyl oxygens led to slightly larger differences from an experiment. The An(IV/0) and An(III/0) couples were reliably predicted with our approach. Predictions of the unknown An(II/I) redox potentials were negative, consistent with expectations, and predictions for unknown An(VII/VI), An(III/II), and An(II/0) redox couples improve prior estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R Dutra
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Barão Geraldo, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Amber N Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Donna Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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6
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He X, Pan X, Xiong C, Zhang Y, Hong D, Fang H, Cui P. Rare-Earth Metalloligands for Low -Valent Cobalt Complexes: Fine Electronic Tuning via Co→RE Dative Interactions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8155-8162. [PMID: 38651290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earth metalloligand supported low-valent cobalt complexes were synthesized by utilizing a small-sized heptadentate phosphinomethylamine LsNH3 and a large-sized arene-anchored hexadentate phosphinomethylamine LlArH3 ligand precursors. The RE(III)-Co(-I)-N2 (RE = Sc, Lu, Y, Gd, La) complexes containing rare-earth metals including the smallest Sc and largest La were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, electrochemistry, and computational studies. The Co(-I)→RE(III) dative interactions were all polarized with major contributions from the 3dz2 orbital of the cobalt center, which was slightly affected by the identity of rare-earth metalloligands. The IR spectroscopic data and redox potentials obtained from cyclic voltammetry revealed that the electronic property of the Co(-I) center was finely tuned by the rare-earth metalloligand, which was revealed by variation of the ligand systems containing LsN, LmN, and LlAr. Unlike the direct alteration of the electronic property of metal center via an ancillary ligand, such a series of rare-earth metalloligand represents a smooth strategy to tune the electronic property of transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan He
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 S. Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 S. Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 S. Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 S. Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, 189 S. Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
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7
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Gilbert-Bass K, Stennett CR, Grotjahn R, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Exploring sulfur donor atom coordination chemistry with La(II), Nd(II), and Tm(II) using a terphenylthiolate ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4601-4604. [PMID: 38586900 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
To expand the range of donor atoms known to stabilize 4fn5d1 Ln(II) rare-earth metal (Ln) ions beyond the C, N, and O first row main group donor atoms, the Ln(III) sulfur donor terphenylthiolate iodide complexes, LnIII(SAriPr6)2I (AriPr6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2, Ln = La, Nd) were reduced to form LnII(SAriPr6)2 complexes. These Ln(II) species were structurally characterized, analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and compared to Tm(SAriPr6)2, which was synthesized from TmI2(DME)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kito Gilbert-Bass
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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8
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Smith P, Hrubý J, Evans WJ, Hill S, Minasian SG. Identification of an X-Band Clock Transition in Cp' 3Pr - Enabled by a 4f 25d 1 Configuration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5781-5785. [PMID: 38387072 PMCID: PMC10921394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Molecular qubits offer an attractive basis for quantum information processing, but challenges remain with regard to sustained coherence. Qubits based on clock transitions offer a method to improve the coherence times. We propose a general strategy for identifying molecules with high-frequency clock transitions in systems where a d electron is coupled to a crystal-field singlet state of an f configuration, resulting in an MJ = ±1/2 ground state with strong hyperfine coupling. Using this approach, a 9.834 GHz clock transition was identified in a molecular Pr complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'3PrII], leading to 3-fold enhancements in T2 relative to other transitions in the spectrum. This result indicates the promise of the design principles outlined here for the further development of f-element systems for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
W. Smith
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jakub Hrubý
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Stefan G. Minasian
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Sachin AR, Gopakumar G, Brahmananda Rao CVS. Understanding the Complexation Behavior of Carbamoylphosphine Oxide Ligands with Representative f-Block Elements. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1085-1097. [PMID: 38294200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The complexation behavior of carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligands (CMPO), a bifunctional phosphine oxide, and their substituted derivatives with Ce(III), Eu(III), Th(IV), U(VI), and Am(III) was probed at the density functional theory (DFT) level. The enhanced extraction of trivalent rare earth elements by the 2-diphenylphosphinylethyl derivative over the conventional CMPO ligand is identified due to the availability of an additional P═O donor group in the former. In addition, the orbital and dispersive interactions play a vital role in the preference of Th(IV) over U(VI) during extraction using CMPO ligands. The better complexing ability of ligands having long alkyl chain substituents at the P atom is justified due to the observed enhanced dispersion interactions in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ramesh Sachin
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Gopinadhanpillai Gopakumar
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Cherukuri Venkata Siva Brahmananda Rao
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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10
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Queen JD, Anderson-Sanchez LM, Stennett CR, Rajabi A, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Synthesis of Crystallographically Characterizable Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Sc(II) Complexes: (C 5H 2tBu 3) 2Sc and {[C 5H 3(SiMe 3) 2] 2ScI} 1. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3279-3292. [PMID: 38264991 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of previously unknown bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes of the first transition metal, i.e., Sc(II) scandocene complexes, has been investigated using C5H2(tBu)3 (Cpttt), C5Me5 (Cp*), and C5H3(SiMe3)2 (Cp″) ligands. Cpttt2ScI, 1, formed from ScI3 and KCpttt, can be reduced with potassium graphite (KC8) in hexanes to generate dark-red crystals of the first crystallographically characterizable bis(cyclopentadienyl) scandium(II) complex, Cpttt2Sc, 2. Complex 2 has a 170.6° (ring centroid)-Sc-(ring centroid) angle and exhibits an eight-line EPR spectrum characteristic of Sc(II) with Aiso = 82.6 MHz (29.6 G). It sublimes at 200 °C at 10-4 Torr and has a melting point of 268-271 °C. Reductions of Cp*2ScI and Cp″2ScI under analogous conditions in hexanes did not provide new Sc(II) complexes, and reduction of Cp*2ScI in benzene formed the Sc(III) phenyl complex, Cp*2Sc(C6H5), 3, by C-H bond activation. However, in Et2O and toluene, reduction of Cp*2ScI at -78 °C gives a dark-red solution, 4, which displays an eight-line EPR pattern like that of 1, but it did not provide thermally stable crystals. Reduction of Cp″2ScI, in THF or Et2O at -35 °C in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand, yields the green Sc(II) metallocene iodide complex, [K(crypt)][Cp″2ScI], 5, which was identified by X-ray crystallography and EPR spectroscopy and is thermally unstable. The analogous reaction of Cp*2ScI with KC8 and 18-crown-6 in Et2O gave the ligand redistribution product, [Cp*2Sc(18-crown-6-κ2O,O')][Cp*2ScI2], 6, as the only crystalline product. Density functional theory calculations on the electronic structure of these compounds are reported in addition to a steric analysis using the Guzei method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Queen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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11
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Hsueh FC, Chen D, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Two-Electron Redox Reactivity of Thorium Supported by Redox-Active Tripodal Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317346. [PMID: 38100190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
The high stability of the + IVoxidation state limits thorium redox reactivity. Here we report the synthesis and the redox reactivity of two Th(IV) complexes supported by the arene-tethered tris(siloxide) tripodal ligands [(KOSiR2 Ar)3 -arene)]. The two-electron reduction of these Th(IV) complexes generates the doubly reduced [KTh((OSi(Ot Bu)2 Ar)3 -arene)(THF)2 ] (2OtBu ) and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Th((OSiPh2 Ar)3 -arene)(THF)2 ](2Ph -crypt) where the formal oxidation state of Th is +II. Structural and computational studies indicate that the reduction occurred at the arene anchor of the ligand. The robust tripodal frameworks store in the arene anchor two electrons that become available at the metal center for the two-electron reduction of a broad range of substrates (N2 O, COT, CHT, Ph2 N2 , Ph3 PS and O2 ) while retaining the ligand framework. This work shows that arene-tethered tris(siloxide) tripodal ligands allow implementation of two-electron redox chemistry at the thorium center while retaining the ligand framework unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Chen
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Rajabi A, Grotjahn R, Rappoport D, Furche F. A DFT perspective on organometallic lanthanide chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:410-417. [PMID: 38013481 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03221c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Computational studies of the coordination chemistry and bonding of lanthanides have grown in recent decades as the need for understanding the distinct physical, optical, and magnetic properties of these compounds increased. Density functional theory (DFT) methods offer a favorable balance of computational cost and accuracy in lanthanide chemistry and have helped to advance the discovery of novel oxidation states and electronic configurations. This Frontier article examines the scope and limitations of DFT in interpreting structural and spectroscopic data of low-valent lanthanide complexes, elucidating periodic trends, and predicting their properties and reactivity, presented through selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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13
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Jin PB, Luo QC, Gransbury GK, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Hajdu T, Strashnov I, McInnes EJL, Winpenny REP, Chilton NF, Mills DP, Zheng YZ. Thermally Stable Terbium(II) and Dysprosium(II) Bis-amidinate Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27993-28009. [PMID: 37997752 PMCID: PMC10755703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermostable four-coordinate divalent lanthanide (Ln) bis-amidinate complexes [Ln(Piso)2] (Ln = Tb, Dy; Piso = {(NDipp)2CtBu}, Dipp = C6H3iPr2-2,6) were prepared by the reduction of parent five-coordinate Ln(III) precursors [Ln(Piso)2I] (Ln = Tb, Dy) with KC8; halide abstraction of [Ln(Piso)2I] with [H(SiEt3)2][B(C6F5)] gave the respective Ln(III) complexes [Ln(Piso)2][B(C6F5)]. All complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ICP-MS, elemental analysis, SQUID magnetometry, UV-vis-NIR, ATR-IR, NMR, and EPR spectroscopy and ab initio CASSCF-SO calculations. These data consistently show that [Ln(Piso)2] formally exhibit Ln(II) centers with 4fn5dz21 (Ln = Tb, n = 8; Dy, n = 9) valence electron configurations. We show that simple assignments of the f-d coupling to either L-S or J-s schemes are an oversimplification, especially in the presence of significant crystal field splitting. The coordination geometry of [Ln(Piso)2] is intermediate between square planar and tetrahedral. Projecting from the quaternary carbon atoms of the CN2 ligand backbones shows near-linear C···Ln···C arrangements. This results in strong axial ligand fields to give effective energy barriers to magnetic reversal of 1920(91) K for the Tb(II) analogue and 1964(48) K for Dy(II), the highest values observed for mononuclear Ln(II) single-molecule magnets, eclipsing 1738 K for [Tb(C5iPr5)2]. We tentatively attribute the fast zero-field magnetic relaxation for these complexes at low temperatures to transverse fields, resulting in considerable mixing of mJ states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bo Jin
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), State Key Laboratory of
Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, MOE Key Laboratory for
Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Electronic Devices and Materials Chemistry and School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Cheng Luo
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), State Key Laboratory of
Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, MOE Key Laboratory for
Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Electronic Devices and Materials Chemistry and School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | | | - Tomáš Hajdu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ilya Strashnov
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Richard E. P. Winpenny
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David P. Mills
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), State Key Laboratory of
Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, MOE Key Laboratory for
Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Key Laboratory
of Electronic Devices and Materials Chemistry and School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
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14
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Guo H, Hong D, Cui P. Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported trivalent rare-earth metal complexes and redox reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15672-15676. [PMID: 37882247 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported rare-earth metal complexes LLn(III) (Ln = Ce, Pr, Tb, Y, Lu) were synthesized. The Ce(III) complex was oxidized with [N(C6H4Br)3][SbCl6] to a Ce(IV) chloride complex, which reacted with tBuONa to form a Ce(IV) tert-butoxide complex, one displaying a reduction potential cathodically shifted relative to that of Ce(IV) chloride complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
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15
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Wang Y, Liang J, Deng C, Sun R, Fu PX, Wang BW, Gao S, Huang W. Two-Electron Oxidations at a Single Cerium Center. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22466-22474. [PMID: 37738079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-electron oxidations are ubiquitous and play a key role in the synthesis and catalysis. For transition metals and actinides, two-electron oxidation often takes place at a single-metal site. However, redox reactions at rare-earth metals have been limited to one-electron processes due to the lack of accessible oxidation states. Despite recent advancements in nontraditional oxidation state chemistry, the low stability of low-valent compounds and large disparity among different oxidation states prevented the implementation of two-electron processes at a single rare-earth metal center. Here we report two-electron oxidations at a cerium(II) center to yield cerium(IV) terminal oxo and imido complexes. A series of cerium(II-IV) complexes supported by a tripodal tris(amido)arene ligand were synthesized and characterized. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the cerium(II) complex is best described as a 4f2 ion stabilized by δ-backdonation to the anchoring arene, while the cerium(IV) oxo and imido complexes exhibit multiple bonding characters. The accomplishment of two-electron oxidations at a single cerium center brings a new facet to molecular rare-earth metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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16
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Hsueh FC, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Sienkiewicz A, Mazzanti M. Isolation and redox reactivity of cerium complexes in four redox states. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6011-6021. [PMID: 37293643 PMCID: PMC10246686 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of lanthanides is limited to one electron transfer reactions due to the difficulty of accessing multiple oxidation states. Here we report that a redox-active ligand combining three siloxides with an arene ring in a tripodal ligand can stabilize cerium complexes in four different redox states and can promote multielectron redox reactivity in cerium complexes. Ce(iii) and Ce(iv) complexes [(LO3)Ce(THF)] (1) and [(LO3)CeCl] (2) (LO3 = 1,3,5-(2-OSi(OtBu)2C6H4)3C6H3) were synthesized and fully characterized. Remarkably the one-electron reduction and the unprecedented two-electron reduction of the tripodal Ce(iii) complex are easily achieved to yield reduced complexes [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][(LO3)Ce(THF)] (3) and [K2{(LO3)Ce(Et2O)3}] (5) that are formally "Ce(ii)" and "Ce(i)" analogues. Structural analysis, UV and EPR spectroscopy and computational studies indicate that in 3 the cerium oxidation state is in between +II and +III with a partially reduced arene. In 5 the arene is doubly reduced, but the removal of potassium results in a redistribution of electrons on the metal. The electrons in both 3 and 5 are stored onto δ-bonds allowing the reduced complexes to be described as masked "Ce(ii)" and "Ce(i)". Preliminary reactivity studies show that these complexes act as masked Ce(ii) and Ce(i) in redox reactions with oxidizing substrates such as Ag+, CO2, I2 and S8 effecting both one- and two-electron transfers that are not accessible in classical cerium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- ADSresonances Sàrl 1920 Martigny Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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17
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Anderson-Sanchez LM, Yu JM, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Room-Temperature Stable Ln(II) Complexes Supported by 2,6-Diadamantyl Aryloxide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:706-714. [PMID: 36595714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The sterically bulky aryloxide ligand OAr* (OAr* = -OC6H2-Ad2-2,6tBu-4; Ad = 1-adamantyl) has been used to generate Ln(II) complexes across the lanthanide series that are more thermally stable than complexes of any other ligand system reported to date for 4fnd1 Ln(II) ions. The Ln(III) precursors Ln(OAr*)3 (1-Ln) were synthesized by reacting 1.2 equiv of Ln(NR2)3 (R = SiMe3) with 3 equiv of HOAr* for Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Dy, Yb, and Lu. 1-Ce, 1-Nd, 1-Gd, 1-Dy, and 1-Lu were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Reductions of 1-Ln with potassium graphite (KC8) in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) yielded the Ln(II) complexes [K(crypt)][Ln(OAr*)3] (2-Ln). The 2-Ln complexes for Ln = Nd, Gd, Dy, and Lu were characterized by X-ray crystallography and found to have Ln-O bond distances 0.038-0.087 Å longer than those of their 1-Ln analogues; this is consistent with 4fn5d1 electron configurations. The structure of 2-Yb has Yb-O distances 0.167 Å longer than those predicted for 1-Yb, which is consistent with a 4f14 electron configuration. Although 2-La and 2-Ce proved to be challenging to isolate, with 18-crown-6 (18-c-6) as the potassium chelator, La(II) and Ce(II) complexes with OAr* could be isolated and crystallographically characterized: [K(18-c-6)][Ln(OAr*)3] (3-Ln). The Ln(II) complexes decompose at room temperature more slowly than other previously reported 4fn5d1 Ln(II) complexes. For example, only 30% decomposition of 2-Dy was observed after 30 h at room temperature compared to complete decomposition of [Dy(OAr')3]- and [DyCp'3]- under similar conditions (OAr' = OC6H2-2,6-tBu2-4-Me; Cp' = C5H4SiMe3).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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18
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Zhu Z, Tang J. Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9469-9481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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19
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Jenkins TF, Bekoe S, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Synthesis of a Heteroleptic Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Yttrium(II) Complex, [K(2.2.2-Cryptand)]{(C5Me5)2YII[N(SiMe3)2]}, and Its C–H Bond Activated Y(III) Derivative. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tener F. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Samuel Bekoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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20
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Wedal JC, Furche F, Evans WJ. Density Functional Theory Analysis of the Importance of Coordination Geometry for 5f 36d 1 versus 5f 4 Electron Configurations in U(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16316-16325. [PMID: 34644069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on four known and seven hypothetical U(II) complexes indicate the importance of coordination geometry in favoring 5f36d1 versus 5f4 electronic ground states. The known [Cp″3U]-, [Cptet3U]-, and [U(NR2)3]- [Cp″ = C5H3(SiMe3)2, Cptet = C5Me4H, and R = SiMe3] anions were found to have 5f36d1 ground states, while a 5f4 ground state was found for the known compound (NHAriPr6)2U. The UV-visible spectra of the known 5f36d1 compounds were simulated via time-dependent DFT and are in qualitative agreement with the experimental spectra. For the hypothetical U(II) compounds, the 5f36d1 configuration is predicted for [U(CHR2)3]-, [U(H3BH)3]-, [U(OAr')4]2-, and [(C8H8)U]2- (OAr' = O-C6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4). In the case of [U(bnz')4]2- (bnz' = CH2-C6H4tBu-4), a 5f3 configuration with a ligand-based radical was found as the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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21
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Pividori D, Miehlich ME, Kestel B, Heinemann FW, Scheurer A, Patzschke M, Meyer K. Uranium Going the Soft Way: Low-Valent Uranium(III) Coordinated to an Arene-Anchored Tris-Thiophenolate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16455-16465. [PMID: 34677061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a tripodal, S-based ligand, namely the mesitylene-anchored, tris-thiophenolate-functionalized (mes(Me,AdArS)3)3- (1)3-, and its coordination chemistry with low-valent uranium to form [UIII((SArAd,Me)3mes)] (1-U) are reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a C3-symmetric molecular structure. Full characterization of 1-U was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-vis-NIR electronic absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies as well as SQUID magnetometry, thus confirming the U(III) oxidation state. Alternating current magnetic studies show that 1-U exhibits single-molecule magnet behavior at low temperatures in a non-zero external field. Comparison of these results to those of the previously reported mesitylene-anchored complexes, [UIII((OArAd,Me)3mes)] and [UIII((OArtBu,tBu)3mes)], indicates a drastic change in the electronic structure when moving from phenolate-based ligands to thiophenolate-based 1, which is further discussed by means of computational analysis (NBO, DFT, and QTAIM). Despite the U-O bonds being stronger, a much higher covalency was found for the U-S analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pividori
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias E Miehlich
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kestel
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Patzschke
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Trinh MT, Wedal JC, Evans WJ. Evaluating electrochemical accessibility of 4f n5d 1 and 4f n+1 Ln(II) ions in (C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3Ln and (C 5Me 4H) 3Ln complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14384-14389. [PMID: 34569559 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction potentials (reported vs. Fc+/Fc) for a series of Cp'3Ln complexes (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3, Ln = lanthanide) were determined via electrochemistry in THF with [nBu4N][BPh4] as the supporting electrolyte. The Ln(III)/Ln(II) reduction potentials for Ln = Eu, Yb, Sm, and Tm (-1.07 to -2.83 V) follow the expected trend for stability of 4f7, 4f14, 4f6, and 4f13 Ln(II) ions, respectively. The reduction potentials for Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu, that form 4fn5d1 Ln(II) ions (n = 2-14), fall in a narrow range of -2.95 V to -3.14 V. Only cathodic events were observed for La and Ce at -3.36 V and -3.43 V, respectively. The reduction potentials of the Ln(II) compounds [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp'3Ln] (Ln = Pr, Sm, Eu) match those of the Cp'3Ln complexes. The reduction potentials of nine (C5Me4H)3Ln complexes were also studied and found to be 0.05-0.24 V more negative than those of the Cp'3Ln compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
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23
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Xin T, Wang X, Yang K, Liang J, Huang W. Rare Earth Metal Complexes Supported by a Tripodal Tris(amido) Ligand System Featuring an Arene Anchor. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15321-15329. [PMID: 34569797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new tripodal tris(amido) ligand system featuring an arene anchor was developed and applied to the coordination chemistry of rare earth metals. Two tris(amido) ligands with a 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene backbone were prepared in two steps from commercially available reagents on a gram scale. Salt metathesis and alkane elimination reactions were exploited to prepare mononuclear rare earth metal complexes in moderate to good yields. For salt metathesis reactions, while metal tribromides yielded neutral metal tris(amido) complexes, metal trichlorides led to the formation of ate complexes with an additional chloride bound to the metal center. The new compounds were characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The rare earth metal complexes exhibit a trigonal planar coordination geometry for the [MN3] fragment in the solid state rather than a trigonal pyramidal geometry, commonly observed for rare earth metal tris(amido) complexes such as M[N(SiMe3)2]3. Moreover, the arene anchor of the tripodal ligands is engaged in a nonnegligible interaction with the rare earth metal ions. Density functional theory calculations were performed to gain insight into the bonding interactions between the tripodal ligands and the rare earth metal ions. While LUMOs of these rare earth metal complexes are mainly π* orbitals of the arene with a minor component of metal-based orbitals, HOMO-15 and HOMO-16 of a lanthanum complex show that the arene anchor serves as a π donor to the trivalent lanthanum ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansi Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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24
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Chung AB, Ryan AJ, Fang M, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Reductive Reactivity of the 4f 75d 1 Gd(II) Ion in {Gd II[N(SiMe 3) 2] 3} -: Structural Characterization of Products of Coupling, Bond Cleavage, Insertion, and Radical Reactions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15635-15645. [PMID: 34606242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reductive reactivity of a Ln(II) ion with a nontraditional 4fn5d1 electron configuration has been investigated by studying reactions of the {GdII(N(SiMe3)2)3]}- anion with a variety of reagents that survey the many reaction pathways available to this ion. The chemistry of both [K(18-c-6)2]+ and [K(crypt)]+ salts (18-c-6 = 18-crown-6; crypt = 2.2.2-cryptand) was examined to study the effect of the countercation. CS2 reacts with the crown salt [K(18-c-6)2][Gd(NR2)3] (1) to generate the bimetallic (CS3)2- complex {[K(18-c-6)](μ3-CS3-κS,κ2S',S'')Gd(NR2)2]}2, which contains two trithiocarbonate dianions that bridge Gd(III) centers and a potassium ion coordinated by 18-c-6. In contrast, the only crystalline product isolated from the reaction of CS2 with the crypt salt [K(crypt)][Gd(NR2)3] (2) is [K(crypt)]{(R2N)2Gd[SCS(CH2)Si(Me2)N(SiMe3)-κN,κS]}, which has a CS2 unit inserted into a cyclometalated amide ligand. Complexes 1 and 2 reductively couple pyridine to form bridging dipyridyl moieties, (NC5H4-C5H4N)2-, that generate bimetallic complexes differing only in the countercation, {[K(18-c-6)(C5H5N)2]}2{[(R2N)3Gd]2[μ-(NC5H4-C5H4N)2]} and [K(crypt)]2{[(R2N)3Gd]2[μ-(NC5H4-C5H4N)2]}. Complexes 1 and 2 also show similar reactivity with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) to form the (TEMPO)- complexes [K(18-c-6)][(R2N)3Gd(η1-ONC5H6Me4)] and [K(crypt)][(R2N)3Gd(η1-ONC5H6Me4)], respectively. The first example of a bimetallic coordination complex containing a Bi-Gd bond, [K(crypt)][(R2N)3Gd(BiPh2)], was obtained by treating 2 with BiPh3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Austin J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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25
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Huh DN, Bruce JP, Ganesh Balasubramani S, Ciccone SR, Furche F, Hemminger JC, Evans WJ. High-Resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Organometallic (C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3Ln III and [(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3Ln II] 1- Complexes (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16610-16620. [PMID: 34586787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to provide information on the electronic structure of molecular organometallic complexes of Ln(II) ions (Ln = lanthanide) has been examined for the first time. XPS spectra were obtained on the air-sensitive molecular trivalent 4fn Cp'3LnIII complexes (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb; Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) and compared to those of the highly reactive divalent complexes, [K(crypt)][Cp'3LnII] (crypt = 2.2.2-cryptand), which have either 4fn+1 (Sm, Eu) or 4fn5d1 electron configurations (Gd, Tb). The Ln 4d, Si 2p, and C 1s regions of the Ln(III) and Ln(II) complexes were identified and compared. The metal 4d peaks of these molecular lanthanide complexes were used diagnostically to compare oxidation states. The valence region of the Gd(III) and Gd(II) complexes was also examined with XPS and density function theory/random phase approximation (DFT/RPA) calculations, and this led to the tentative assignment of a signal from the 5d1 electron consistent with a 4f75d1 electron configuration for Gd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jared P Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | - Sierra R Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - John C Hemminger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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26
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Moore WNG, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Optimizing Alkali Metal (M) and Chelate (L) Combinations for the Synthesis and Stability of [M(L)][(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3Y] Yttrium(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William N. G. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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27
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Li JQ, Wang H, Li C, Zeng FM, Li CB, Su ZM. Synthesis, structure and properties of a new Sm(III) rare-earth metal coordination complex with 2,5-dihydroxy-terephthalic acid ligand. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1934461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, China
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, China
| | - Fan-Ming Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, China
| | - Chuan-Bi Li
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun, China
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28
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Celis-Barros C, Albrecht-Schönzart T, Windorff CJ. Computational Investigation of the Bonding in [(η 5–Cp′) 3(η 1–Cp′)M] 1– (M = Pu, U, Ce). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cory J. Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, PO Box 3001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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29
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Gompa TP, Greer SM, Rice NT, Jiang N, Telser J, Ozarowski A, Stein BW, La Pierre HS. High-Frequency and -Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Metal-Ligand Covalency in a 4f 7 Valence Series (Eu 2+, Gd 3+, and Tb 4+). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9064-9073. [PMID: 34106710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent isolation of molecular tetravalent lanthanide complexes has enabled renewed exploration of the effect of oxidation state on the single-ion properties of the lanthanide ions. Despite the isotropic nature of the 8S ground state in a tetravalent terbium complex, [Tb(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4], preliminary X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on tetravalent terbium complexes show rich spectra with broad resonances. The complexity of these spectra highlights the limits of conventional X-band EPR for even qualitative determination of zero-field splitting (ZFS) in these complexes. Therefore, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel valence series of 4f7 molecular complexes spanning three oxidation states (Eu2+, Gd3+, and Tb4+) featuring a weak-field imidophosphorane ligand system, and employ high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) to obtain quantitative values for ZFS across this valence series. The series was designed to minimize deviation in the first coordination sphere from the pseudotetrahedral geometry in order to directly interrogate the role of metal identity and charge on the complexes' electronic structures. These HFEPR studies are supported by crystallographic analysis and quantum-chemical calculations to assess the relative covalent interactions in each member of this valence series and the effect of the oxidation state on the splitting of the ground state and first excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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30
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Su DM, Cai HX, Zheng XJ, Niu S, Pan QJ. Theoretical design and exploration of low-valent uranium metallocenes via manipulating cyclopentadienyl substituent. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Yu C, Liang J, Deng C, Lefèvre G, Cantat T, Diaconescu PL, Huang W. Arene-Bridged Dithorium Complexes: Inverse Sandwiches Supported by a δ Bonding Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21292-21297. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- i-CLeHS CSB2D, CNRS/Chimie ParisTech, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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32
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Xiao Y, Zhao XK, Wu T, Miller JT, Hu HS, Li J, Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions in inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:227-238. [PMID: 34168742 PMCID: PMC8179684 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized by the reduction of their trivalent halide precursors with potassium graphite in the presence of biphenyl. While the samarium complex had a similar structure as previously reported rare earth metal biphenyl complexes, with the two samarium ions bound to the same phenyl ring, the ytterbium counterpart adopted a different structure, with the two ytterbium ions bound to different phenyl rings. Upon the addition of crown ether to encapsulate the potassium ions, the inverse-sandwich samarium biphenyl structure remained intact; however, the ytterbium biphenyl structure fell apart with the concomitant formation of a divalent ytterbium crown ether complex and potassium biphenylide. Spectroscopic and computational studies were performed to gain insight into the electronic structures and bonding interactions of these samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. While the ytterbium ions were found to be divalent with a 4f14 electron configuration and form a primarily ionic bonding interaction with biphenyl dianion, the samarium ions were in the trivalent state with a 4f5 electron configuration and mainly utilized the 5d orbitals to form a δ-type bonding interaction with the π* orbitals of the biphenyl tetraanion, showing covalent character. Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Combined experimental and computational studies indicated that they have distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tianpin Wu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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33
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Smith RL, Wysocki AL, Park K. Electrically tuned hyperfine spectrum in neutral Tb(II)(Cp iPr5) 2 single-molecule magnet. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21793-21800. [PMID: 32966446 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular spin qubits with long spin coherence time as well as non-invasive operation methods on such qubits are in high demand. It was shown that both molecular electronic and nuclear spin levels can be used as qubits. In solid state systems with dopants, an electric field was shown to effectively change the spacing between the nuclear spin qubit levels when the electron spin density is high at the nucleus of the dopant. Inspired by such solid-state systems, we propose that divalent lanthanide (Ln) complexes with an unusual electronic configuration of Ln2+ have a strong interaction between the Ln nuclear spin and the electronic degrees of freedom, which renders electrical tuning of the interaction. As an example, we study electronic structure and hyperfine interaction of the 159Tb nucleus in a neutral Tb(ii)(CpiPr5)2 single-molecule magnet (SMM), which exhibits unusually long magnetization relaxation time, using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method with spin-orbit interaction included within the restricted active space state interaction (RASSI). Our calculations show that the low-energy states arise from 4f8(6s,5dz2)1, 4f8(5dx2-y2)1, and 4f8(5dxy)1 configurations. We compute the hyperfine interaction parameters and the electronic-nuclear spectrum within our multiconfigurational approach. We find that the hyperfine interaction is about one order of magnitude greater than that for Tb(iii)Pc2 SMMs. This stems from the strong Fermi contact interaction between the Tb nuclear spin and the electron spin density at the nucleus that originates from the occupation of the (6s,5d) orbitals. We also uncover that the response of the Fermi contact term to electric field results in electrical tuning of the electronic-nuclear level separations. This hyperfine Stark effect may be useful for applications of molecular nuclear spins for quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | - Kyungwha Park
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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34
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Wedal JC, Bekoe S, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. C–H Bond Activation via U(II) in the Reduction of Heteroleptic Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide U(III) Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Samuel Bekoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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35
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Huh DN, Ciccone SR, Bekoe S, Roy S, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Synthesis of Ln II -in-Cryptand Complexes by Chemical Reduction of Ln III -in-Cryptand Precursors: Isolation of a Nd II -in-Cryptand Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16141-16146. [PMID: 32441487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide triflates have been used to incorporate NdIII and SmIII ions into the 2.2.2-cryptand ligand (crypt) to explore their reductive chemistry. The Ln(OTf)3 complexes (Ln=Nd, Sm; OTf=SO3 CF3 ) react with crypt in THF to form the THF-soluble complexes [LnIII (crypt)(OTf)2 ][OTf] with two triflates bound to the metal encapsulated in the crypt. Reduction of these LnIII -in-crypt complexes using KC8 in THF forms the neutral LnII -in-crypt triflate complexes [LnII (crypt)(OTf)2 ]. DFT calculations on [NdII (crypt)]2+ ], the first NdII cryptand complex, assign a 4f4 electron configuration to this ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sierra R Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Bekoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Saswata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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36
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Kotyk CM, Weber JE, Hyre AS, McNeely J, Monteiro JHSK, Domin M, Balaich GJ, Rheingold AL, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Doerrer LH. Luminescence of Lanthanide Complexes with Perfluorinated Alkoxide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9807-9823. [PMID: 32614596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four groups of rare-earth complexes, comprising 11 new compounds, with fluorinated O-donor ligands ([K(THF)6][Ln(OC4F9)4(THF)2] (1-Ln; Ln = Ce, Nd), [K](THF)x[Ln(OC4F9)4(THF)y] (2-Ln; Ln = Eu, Gd, Dy), [K(THF)2][Ln(pinF)2(THF)3] (3-Ln; Ln = Ce, Nd), and [K(THF)2][Ln(pinF)2(THF)2] (4-Ln; Ln = Eu, Gd, Dy, Y) have been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected for all compounds except 2-Ln. Species 1-Ln, 3-Ln, and 4-Ln are uncommon examples of six-coordinate (Eu, Gd, Dy, and Y) and seven-coordinate (Ce and Nd) LnIII centers in all-O-donor environments. Species 1-Ln, 2-Ln, 3-Ln, and 4-Ln are all luminescent (except where Ln = Gd and Y), with the solid-state emission of 1-Ce being exceptionally blue-shifted for a Ce complex. The emission spectra of the six Nd, Eu, and Dy complexes do not show large differences based on the ligand and are generally consistent with the well-known free-ion spectra. Time-dependent density functional theory results show that 1-Ce and 3-Ce undergo allowed 5f → 4d excitations, consistent with luminescence lifetime measurements in the nanosecond range. Eu-containing 2-Eu and 4-Eu, however, were found to have luminescence lifetimes in the millisecond range, indicating phosphorescence rather than fluorescence. The performance of a pair of multireference models for prediction of the Ln = Nd, Eu, and Dy absorption spectra was assessed. It was found that spectroscopy-oriented configuration interaction as applied to a simplified model in which the free-ion lanthanide was embedded in ligand-centered Löwdin point charges performed as well (Nd) or better (Eu and Dy) than canonical NEVPT2 calculations, when the ligand orbitals were included in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kotyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wheaton College, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, United States
| | - Jeremy E Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ariel S Hyre
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jorge H S K Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521, United States
| | - Marek Domin
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Gary J Balaich
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Linda H Doerrer
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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37
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Huh DN, Ciccone SR, Bekoe S, Roy S, Ziller JW, Furche F, Evans WJ. Synthesis of Ln
II
‐in‐Cryptand Complexes by Chemical Reduction of Ln
III
‐in‐Cryptand Precursors: Isolation of a Nd
II
‐in‐Cryptand Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Huh
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Sierra R. Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Samuel Bekoe
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Saswata Roy
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
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38
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Moehring SA, Evans WJ. Evaluating Electron Transfer Reactivity of Rare-Earth Metal(II) Complexes Using EPR Spectroscopy. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Moehring
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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39
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Moehring SA, Miehlich M, Hoerger CJ, Meyer K, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. A Room-Temperature Stable Y(II) Aryloxide: Using Steric Saturation to Kinetically Stabilize Y(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3207-3214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Moehring
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Matthias Miehlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Hoerger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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40
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Smiles DE, Batista ER, Booth CH, Clark DL, Keith JM, Kozimor SA, Martin RL, Minasian SG, Shuh DK, Stieber SCE, Tyliszczak T. The duality of electron localization and covalency in lanthanide and actinide metallocenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2796-2809. [PMID: 34084340 PMCID: PMC8157540 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous magnetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of cerocene, Ce(C8H8)2, have provided evidence for non-negligible 4f-electron density on Ce and implied that charge transfer from the ligands occurs as a result of covalent bonding. Strong correlations of the localized 4f-electrons to the delocalized ligand π-system result in emergence of Kondo-like behavior and other quantum chemical phenomena that are rarely observed in molecular systems. In this study, Ce(C8H8)2 is analyzed experimentally using carbon K-edge and cerium M5,4-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS), and computationally using configuration interaction (CI) calculations and density functional theory (DFT) as well as time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Both spectroscopic approaches provide strong evidence for ligand → metal electron transfer as a result of Ce 4f and 5d mixing with the occupied C 2p orbitals of the C8H8 2- ligands. Specifically, the Ce M5,4-edge XAS and CI calculations show that the contribution of the 4f1, or Ce3+, configuration to the ground state of Ce(C8H8)2 is similar to strongly correlated materials such as CeRh3 and significantly larger than observed for other formally Ce4+ compounds including CeO2 and CeCl6 2-. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-simulated C K-edge XAS provide unequivocal evidence for C 2p and Ce 4f covalent orbital mixing in the δ-antibonding orbitals of e2u symmetry, which are the unoccupied counterparts to the occupied, ligand-based δ-bonding e2u orbitals. The C K-edge peak intensities, which can be compared directly to the C 2p and Ce 4f orbital mixing coefficients determined by DFT, show that covalency in Ce(C8H8)2 is comparable in magnitude to values reported previously for U(C8H8)2. An intuitive model is presented to show how similar covalent contributions to the ground state can have different impacts on the overall stability of f-element metallocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil E Smiles
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Corwin H Booth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - David L Clark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | | | - David K Shuh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
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41
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Moehring SA, Evans WJ. Evaluating Electron‐Transfer Reactivity of Complexes of Actinides in +2 and +3 Oxidation States by using EPR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:1530-1534. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Moehring
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
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42
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Guo R, Gao L, Liang J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Niu X, Hu T. Two tetranuclear Cd-based metal–organic frameworks for sensitive sensing of TNP/Fe 3+ in aqueous media and gas adsorption. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two Cd-MOFs were solvothermally synthesized by mixed-ligand strategy. 1 has the largest adsorption selectivity for CO2. Furthermore, 1 and 2 present sensitive sensing for TNP/Fe3+ in water or soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- China
| | - Lingling Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinzhong University
- Taiyuan 030619
- China
| | - Jinxia Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- China
| | - Zhikai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Niu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- China
| | - Tuoping Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- China
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43
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Gompa TP, Ramanathan A, Rice NT, La Pierre HS. The chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanides: Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15945-15987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermochemistry, descriptive chemistry, spectroscopy, and physical properties of the tetravalent lanthanides (Pr, Nd, Tb and Dy) in extended phases, gas phase, solution, and as isolable molecular complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaige P. Gompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Arun Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Natalie T. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program
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44
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Chung AB, Huh DN, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. 2.2.2-Cryptand as a bidentate ligand in rare-earth metal chemistry. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures demonstrate that 2.2.2-cryptand can function as a κ2-O,O′ bidentate ligand to rare-earth metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel N. Huh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
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45
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Harriman KLM, Murillo J, Suturina EA, Fortier S, Murugesu M. Relaxation dynamics in see-saw shaped Dy(iii) single-molecule magnets. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unusual see-saw shaped Dy(iii) single-molecule magnets, [K(DME)n][LArDy(X)2] (LAr = {C6H4[(2,6-iPrC6H3)NC6H4]2}2−), X = Cl (1) and X = I (2) were synthesized and display high effective energy barriers (Ueff = 1278–1334 K) in zero field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. M. Harriman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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46
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Gould CA, McClain KR, Yu JM, Groshens TJ, Furche F, Harvey BG, Long JR. Synthesis and Magnetism of Neutral, Linear Metallocene Complexes of Terbium(II) and Dysprosium(II). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12967-12973. [PMID: 31375028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The divalent metallocene complexes Ln(CpiPr5)2 (Ln = Tb, Dy) were synthesized through the KC8 reduction of Ln(CpiPr5)2I intermediates and represent the first examples of neutral, linear metallocenes for these elements. X-ray diffraction analysis, density functional theory calculations, and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a 4fn5d1 electron configuration with strong s/d mixing that supports the linear coordination geometry. A comparison of the magnetic relaxation behavior of the two divalent metallocenes relative to salts of their trivalent counterparts, [Ln(CpiPr5)2][B(C6F5)4], reveals that lanthanide reduction has opposing effects for dysprosium and terbium, with magnetic relaxation times increasing from TbIII to TbII and decreasing from DyIII to DyII. The impact of this effect is most notably evident for Tb(CpiPr5)2, which displays an effective thermal barrier to magnetic relaxation of 1205 cm-1 and a 100-s blocking temperature of 52 K, the highest values yet observed for any nondysprosium single-molecule magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Randall McClain
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division , China Lake , California 93555 , United States
| | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Thomas J Groshens
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division , China Lake , California 93555 , United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division , China Lake , California 93555 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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47
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Rice NT, Popov IA, Russo DR, Bacsa J, Batista ER, Yang P, Telser J, La Pierre HS. Design, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Analysis of a Tetravalent Terbium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13222-13233. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | - Enrique R. Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Science, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
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48
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Angadol MA, Woen DH, Windorff CJ, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. tert-Butyl(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands Will Stabilize Nontraditional +2 Rare-Earth Metal Ions. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Angadol
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - David H. Woen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Cory J. Windorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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49
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Dumas M, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Synthesis and Reduction of Bimetallic Methyl-Bridged Rare-Earth Metal Complexes, [(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 2Ln(μ-CH 3)] 2 (Ln = Y, Tb, Dy). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:398-402. [PMID: 31459337 PMCID: PMC6648718 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The complexes [Cp'2Ln(μ-CH3)]2, (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3; Ln = Y, Tb, Dy) were reduced to determine if these methyl-bridged complexes would form mixed valent 4f n 5d1 Ln(II)/4f n Ln(III) compounds or bimetallic 4f n 5d1 Ln(II) compounds containing 5d1-5d1 metal-metal bonds upon reduction. Reaction of the known bridged-chloride complexes, [Cp'2Ln(μ-Cl)]2, 1-Ln (Ln = Y, Tb, Dy), with MeLi forms the bridged-methyl complexes [Cp'2Ln(μ-CH3)]2, 2-Ln, which were crystallographically characterized for Tb and Dy. KC8 reduction of 2-Ln in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand produced 3-Y, 3-Tb, and 3-Dy, which exhibited intense dark colors and broad absorbance peaks around 400 nm with molar extinction coefficients of 1700, 2300, and 1800 M-1 cm-1, respectively, which are characteristics of Ln(II) ions. The dark maroon 3-Y product had an axial electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum at 77 K (g 1 = 1.99, A 1 = 17.9 G; g 2 = 2.00, A 2 = 17.7 G) and a two-line isotropic spectrum at 273 K (g = 1.99, A = 18.4 G), which indicates that an Y(II) ion is present. Although these results are indicative of Ln(II) ions present in the solution, crystallographic evidence was not obtained to establish the structure of these complexes.
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50
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Ryan AJ, Angadol MA, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Isolation of U(ii) compounds using strong donor ligands, C5Me4H and N(SiMe3)2, including a three-coordinate U(ii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2325-2327. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New examples of uranium in the +2 oxidation state have been isolated by reduction of Cptet3U (Cptet = C5Me4H) and U(NR2)3 (R = SiMe3). Results show that more donating ligands as well as lower coordination number complexes are viable for U(ii) and suggest new targets for An(ii) complexes involving Np, Pu, and Am.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
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