1
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Shaashua O, Pollok D, Dyadyuk A, Shames AI, Waldvogel SR, Pappo D. Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution of Racemic 1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL). Org Lett 2024; 26:2129-2134. [PMID: 38446080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic thermodynamic resolution method for converting (R/S)-BINOL (1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol) into (R)-BINOL in 100% theoretical yield is reported. This technique involves mixing (R/S)-BINOL with N-benzyl cinchonidinium bromide (1 equiv) and a [Cu2(tmeda)2(μ-OH)2]Br2 (2.5 mol %) redox catalyst in acetonitrile. In the background of this process is the observation that the energy for atropoisomerization decreases significantly when an electron is removed from BINOL. Therefore, it is possible to convert both enantiomers into the thermodynamically favorable [N-benzyl cinchonidinium bromide·(R)-BINOL] adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Shaashua
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dennis Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Dyadyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Doron Pappo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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2
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Roos CB, Chiang CH, Murray LAM, Yang D, Schulert L, Narayan ARH. Stereodynamic Strategies to Induce and Enrich Chirality of Atropisomers at a Late Stage. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10641-10727. [PMID: 37639323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers, where chirality arises from restricted rotation around a single bond, are atropisomers. Due to the unique nature of the origins of their chirality, synthetic strategies to access these compounds in an enantioselective manner differ from those used to prepare enantioenriched compounds containing point chirality arising from an unsymmetrically substituted carbon center. In particular stereodynamic transformations, such as dynamic kinetic resolutions, thermodynamic dynamic resolutions, and deracemizations, which rely on the ability to racemize or interconvert enantiomers, are a promising set of transformations to prepare optically pure compounds in the late stage of a synthetic sequence. Translation of these synthetic approaches from compounds with point chirality to atropisomers requires an expanded toolbox for epimerization/racemization and provides an opportunity to develop a new conceptual framework for the enantioselective synthesis of these compounds.
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3
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Kim A, Ngamnithiporn A, Du E, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2002-2020). Chem Rev 2023; 123:9447-9496. [PMID: 37429001 PMCID: PMC10416225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) natural products constitute one of the largest families of alkaloids and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activity. Ranging from simple THIQ natural products to complex trisTHIQ alkaloids such as the ecteinascidins, the chemical syntheses of these alkaloids and their analogs have been thoroughly investigated due to their intricate structural features and functionalities, as well as their high therapeutic potential. This review describes the general structure and biosynthesis of each family of THIQ alkaloids as well as recent advancements of the total synthesis of these natural products from 2002 to 2020. Recent chemical syntheses that have emerged harnessing novel, creative synthetic design, and modern chemical methodology will be highlighted. This review will hopefully serve as a guide for the unique strategies and tools used in the total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids, as well as address the longstanding challenges in their chemical and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia
N. Kim
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, 54 Kamphaeng
Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Emily Du
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Chen C, Hsieh H. Recent advances in total synthesis of natural products by masked
ortho
‐benzoquinones. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Ming Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei City Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
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5
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White LV, Hu N, He Y, Banwell MG, Lan P. Expeditious Access to Morphinans by Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203186. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo V. White
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Yu‐Tao He
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
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6
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xue F, He H, Xue F, Liu XY, Qin Y. Asymmetric total synthesis of buprenorphine and dihydroetorphine. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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White LV, Hu N, He YT, Banwell M, Lan P. Expeditious Access to Morphinans by Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Hu
- Jinan University IAACS CHINA
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8
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Liu ZS, Xie PP, Hua Y, Wu C, Ma Y, Chen J, Cheng HG, Hong X, Zhou Q. An axial-to-axial chirality transfer strategy for atroposelective construction of C–N axial chirality. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Hou S, Prichina AY, Dong G. Deconstructive Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Morphine‐Family Alkaloid (−)‐Thebainone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Hua Hou
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA)s
| | | | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA)s
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10
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Hou SH, Prichina AY, Dong G. Deconstructive Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Morphine-Family Alkaloid (-)-Thebainone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13057-13064. [PMID: 33822455 PMCID: PMC8159902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a deconstructive strategy for the first asymmetric synthesis of (-)-thebainone A, capitalizing on an enantioselective C-C bond activation and a C-O bond cleavage reaction. The rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric "cut-and-sew" transformation between sterically hindered trisubstituted alkenes and benzocyclobutenones allowed efficient construction of the fused A/B/C rings and the quaternary center of the natural product. The newly optimized conditions show broad substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99.5:0.5 er). Taking advantage of boron-mediated ether bond cleavage, we completed the synthesis of the morphine alkaloid (-)-thebainone A by two complementary routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA)s
| | - Adriana Y Prichina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA)s
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA)s
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11
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Gao Q, Wu C, Deng S, Li L, Liu ZS, Hua Y, Ye J, Liu C, Cheng HG, Cong H, Jiao Y, Zhou Q. Catalytic Synthesis of Atropisomeric o-Terphenyls with 1,2-Diaxes via Axial-to-Axial Diastereoinduction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7253-7260. [PMID: 33961421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a modular and convergent strategy for the assembly of atropisomeric o-terphenyls with 1,2-diaxes via palladium/chiral norbornene cooperative catalysis and axial-to-axial diastereoinduction. Readily available aryl iodides, 2,6-substituted aryl bromides, and potassium aryl trifluoroborates are used as the building blocks, laying the foundation for diversity-oriented synthesis of these scaffolds (46 examples). Other features include the unique axial-to-axial diastereoinduction mode, construction of two axes in a single operation, and step economy. DFT calculations are performed to rationalize the axial-to-axial diastereoinduction process. Synthetic utilities of this method in preparation of atropisomeric oligophenyls, chiral catalysts, and ligands are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Gao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shuang Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201 Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Lisha Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ze-Shui Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu Hua
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yinchun Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201 Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, PR China
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12
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Hennig A, Küttler T, Hahn C, Jäger A, Metz P. Total Synthesis of (±)-Thebainone A by Intramolecular Nitrone Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2020; 22:3145-3148. [PMID: 32250124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition and a Heck cyclization as the crucial transformations, a total synthesis of the racemic morphine alkaloid thebainone A was accomplished in 22 steps commencing with isovanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - André Hennig
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Küttler
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hahn
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Jäger
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Metz
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Enantioselective synthesis of cis-hydrobenzofurans bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters and application to total synthesis of (‒)-morphine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2507. [PMID: 31175289 PMCID: PMC6555830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Morphine, which is selected as an essential medicine by World Health Organization, is widely applied in the treatment of the pain-related diseases. Due to its synthetically challenging molecular architecture and important clinical role, extensive synthetic studies of morphine-type alkaloids have been conducted. However, catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of (‒)-morphine remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we disclose an efficient enantioselective total synthesis of (‒)-morphine in a longest linear sequence of 16 steps. The key transformation features a highly enantioselective Robinson annulation enabled by our spiro-pyrrolidine catalyst to rapidly construct the densely functionalized cis-hydrodibenzofuran framework containing vicinal stereocenters with an all-carbon quaternary center. This asymmetric approach provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of (‒)-morphine and its analogues. (‒)-Morphine is an essential medicine selected by the World Health Organization, however its catalytic asymmetric syntheses have been rarely reported. Here, the authors developed an intramolecular enantioselective Michael addition leading to (‒)-morphine in a longest linear sequence of 16 steps.
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15
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Abstract
A nine-step stereoselective formal synthesis of (±)-morphine from readily available o-vanillin is presented. The carbocyclic structure of morphine was quickly assembled through an orchestration of the intermolecular Diels-Alder/Claisen/Friedel-Crafts sequential reaction. This approach involves many one-pot procedures and no protecting groups, and only a few chromatographic purifications are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brousseau
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Amandine Xolin
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Louis Barriault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , Canada K1N 6N5
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16
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Tan JSJ, Paton RS. Frontier molecular orbital effects control the hole-catalyzed racemization of atropisomeric biaryls. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2285-2289. [PMID: 30931095 PMCID: PMC6399675 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biaryl atropisomerization is dramatically accelerated by the removal of an electron. The planar transition state is preferentially stabilized from depopulation of the highest occupied molecular orbital.
Atropisomeric biaryl systems are privileged architectures used in asymmetric synthesis and pharmaceutical structures. We report that by simply removing a single-electron, the resistance of biaryls towards racemization is reduced dramatically. Even though the steric properties are unaltered, biaryl oxidation changes atropisomerization into a two step mechanism with considerably smaller activation barriers than closed-shell biaryls. The effect is general for a series of biaryls and helicenes studied and results from the dependence of frontier molecular orbital energies on biaryl conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S J Tan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA . http://www.patonlab.com ;
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17
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Dongbang S, Pedersen B, Ellman JA. Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-naltrexone. Chem Sci 2018; 10:535-541. [PMID: 30713650 PMCID: PMC6326069 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist used extensively for the management of drug abuse, is derived from naturally occurring opioids. Herein, we report the first asymmetric synthesis of (-)-naltrexone that does not proceed through thebaine. The synthesis starts with simple, achiral precursors with catalytic enantioselective Sharpless dihydroxylation employed to introduce the stereogenic centers. A Rh(i)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation and torquoselective electrocyclization cascade provides the hexahydro isoquinoline bicyclic framework that serves as the precursor to the morphinan core. The acidic conditions used for Grewe cyclization not only provide the morphinan framework, but also cause a hydride shift resulting in the introduction of the C-6 oxo functionality present in (-)-naltrexone. The C-14 hydroxyl group is installed by an efficient two-step sequence of Pd-mediated ketone to enone dehydrogenation followed by C-H allylic oxidation using Cu(ii) and O2, a method that has not previously been reported either for the synthesis or semi-synthesis of opioids. The longest linear sequence is 17 steps, and because the stereogenic centers in the product rely on Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, the route could be used to access either enantiomer of the natural product, which have disparate biological activities. The route also may be applicable to the preparation of opioid derivatives that could not be easily prepared from the more fully elaborated and densely functionalized opioid natural products that have traditionally served as the starting inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
| | - Blaine Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
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18
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Rautschek J, Jäger A, Metz P. Formal Synthesis of (−)-Codeine by Application of Temporary Thio Derivatization. Org Lett 2018; 20:832-835. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rautschek
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Jäger
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Metz
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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