1
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Horiuchi S, Hayashi M, Umakoshi K. Noncovalent tailoring of coordination complexes by resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6604-6618. [PMID: 37128873 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition of guest molecules in a confined cavity is one of the important phenomena in biological and artificial molecular systems. When the guest is trapped within an artificial nano-space, its conformation is fixed in an unusual fashion by noncovalent interactions with host frameworks, and also the guest is kept away from the bulk solvent by the steric effect of the host. Therefore, host-guest formations lead to the effective modulation of the chemical and physical properties of guests via noncovalent interactions. In contrast to the many examples of organic guests, the examples of host-guest formation using coordination complex guests have been less explored. This is simply due to the size and shape complementarity problem between small hosts and large coordination complex guests. Resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts have been shown to provide internal cavities that are large enough to fully accommodate coordination complexes within the internal spaces via effective molecular interactions. In this article, we focus on supramolecular strategies to control the chemical and physical properties of the coordination complex guests within resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular hosts. By the careful selection of the host and guest complexes, these combinations can produce a new supramolecular system, showing unusual structures, redox, catalytic, and photophysical properties derived from the entrapped coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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2
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Chwastek M, Cmoch P, Szumna A. Anion-Based Self-assembly of Resorcin[4]arenes and Pyrogallol[4]arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5350-5358. [PMID: 35274940 PMCID: PMC8972256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Spatial sequestration
of molecules is a prerequisite for the complexity
of biological systems, enabling the occurrence of numerous, often
non-compatible chemical reactions and processes in one cell at the
same time. Inspired by this compartmentalization concept, chemists
design and synthesize artificial nanocontainers (capsules and cages)
and use them to mimic the biological complexity and for new applications
in recognition, separation, and catalysis. Here, we report the formation
of large closed-shell species by interactions of well-known polyphenolic
macrocycles with anions. It has been known since many years that C-alkyl
resorcin[4]arenes (R4C) and C-alkyl pyrogallol[4]arenes
(P4C) narcissistically self-assemble in nonpolar solvents
to form hydrogen-bonded capsules. Here, we show a new interaction
model that additionally involves anions as interacting partners and
leads to even larger capsular species. Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy
and titration experiments indicate that the anion-sealed species have
a diameter of >26 Å and suggest stoichiometry (M)6(X–)24 and tight ion pairing
with cations. This self-assembly is effective in a nonpolar environment
(THF and benzene but not in chloroform), however, requires initiation
by mechanochemistry (dry milling) in the case of non-compatible solubility.
Notably, it is common among various polyphenolic macrocycles (M) having diverse geometries and various conformational lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chwastek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Cohen Y, Slovak S, Avram L. Solution NMR of synthetic cavity containing supramolecular systems: what have we learned on and from? Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8856-8884. [PMID: 34486595 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR has been instrumental in studies of both the structure and dynamics of molecular systems for decades, so it is not surprising that NMR has played a pivotal role in the study of host-guest complexes and supramolecular systems. In this mini-review, selected examples will be used to demonstrate the added value of using (multiparametric) NMR for studying macrocycle-based host-guest and supramolecular systems. We will restrict the discussion to synthetic host systems having a cavity that can engulf their guests thus restricting them into confined spaces. So discussion of selected examples of cavitands, cages, capsules and their complexes, aggregates and polymers as well as organic cages and porous liquids and other porous materials will be used to demonstrate the insights that have been gathered from the extracted NMR parameters when studying such systems emphasizing the information obtained from somewhat less routine NMR methods such as diffusion NMR, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and their variants. These selected examples demonstrate the impact that the results and findings from these NMR studies have had on our understanding of such systems and on the developments in various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 699781, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 699781, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Liat Avram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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4
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Chwastek M, Cmoch P, Szumna A. Dodecameric Anion-Sealed Capsules based on Pyrogallol[5]arenes and Resorcin[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4540-4544. [PMID: 33372317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports formation of exceptionally large capsular species (diameter of c. a. 30 Å) by interactions of polyphenolic macrocycles with 5-fold symmetry with anions. Pyrogallol[5]arenes and resorcin[5]arenes interact with anions via hydrogen bonds involving phenolic OH groups or aromatic CH groups. Based on NMR titration experiments, diffusion coefficients, and geometric requirements, it is postulated that the capsules have (P5H)12 (X- )60 or (R5H)12 (X- )60 stoichiometry and a unique geometry of one of the Platonic solids-a dodecahedron. The capsules exist in THF and in benzene, but not in chloroform, reflecting competitive effects in the solvation of anions. It is also demonstrated that mechanochemical pre-treatment (dry-milling) of solid samples is indispensable to initialize self-assembly in benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chwastek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Chwastek M, Cmoch P, Szumna A. Dodecameric Anion‐Sealed Capsules based on Pyrogallol[5]arenes and Resorcin[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chwastek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw Poland
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6
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Horiuchi S, Umakoshi K. Emissive Supramolecular Systems Based on Reversible Bond Formation and Noncovalent Interactions. CHEM REC 2020; 21:469-479. [PMID: 33236813 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions and reversible bond formations are widely seen in natural systems for the construction of sophisticated molecular systems that perform various biological processes. Inspired by the natural systems, luminescent supramolecular systems constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly and homometallic metal-metal interations have been studied increasingly. These supramolecular systems show fascinating luminescent behaviors that are not observed from single components. This review summarizes our progress in the development of two types of unique luminescent supramolecular systems. The mononuclear Pt(II) complex units can sandwich coinage metal ions to form heteropolynuclear complexes involving heterometallic metal-metal interactions. A close proximity of the two or three different metal ions by the noncovalent forces lead to orbital overlapping among the coinage metal ions and the Pt(II) complex units, showing emission color change accompanied with structural transformation and reversible metal binding behaviors. Emissive host-guest systems consisting of mononuclear metal complexes and a hydrogen-bonded capsule are also developed, that show a unique encapsulation-induced emission enhancement (EIEE) behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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7
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Nemat SJ, Jędrzejewska H, Prescimone A, Szumna A, Tiefenbacher K. Catechol[4]arene: The Missing Chiral Member of the Calix[4]arene Family. Org Lett 2020; 22:5506-5510. [PMID: 32627560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A missing, inherently chiral member of the calix[4]arene family denoted "catechol[4]arene" was synthesized. Its properties were studied and compared to the ones of its close relatives resorcin[4]arene and pyrogallol[4]arene. This novel supramolecular host exhibits binding capabilities that are superior to its sister molecules in polar media. The enantiomerically pure forms of the macrocycle display modest recognition of chiral ammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren J Nemat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Liu XL, Liu JL, Yang HM, Jia AQ, Zhang QF. Assembly of C-propyl-pyrogallol[4]arene with bipyridine-based spacers and solvent molecules. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Co-crystallization of C-propyl-pyrogallol[4]arene (PgC3) with 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) in ethanol afforded a multi-component complex (PgC3) · 3(bpy) ·(EtOH) (1) that consists of a one-dimensional brick-wall framework, which was formed by four pyrogallol[4]arene molecules and two juxtaposed bpy molecules, entrapping two other bpy molecules as guests within each cavity. Heating a mixture of PgC3 and trans-1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) in an ethanol-water mixed solvent allowed the isolation of a multi-component complex (PgC3) ·(bpe) · 2(EtOH) ·(H2O) (2), which has a two-dimensional wave-like polymer structure with the bpe molecules embedded in the wave trough between two PgC3 molecules. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography was utilized to investigate the hydrogen bonding networks of the multi-component complexes 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Liu
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , Ma’anshan , Anhui 243002 , P.R. China
| | - Jing-Long Liu
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , Ma’anshan , Anhui 243002 , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , Ma’anshan , Anhui 243002 , P.R. China
| | - Ai-Quan Jia
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , Ma’anshan , Anhui 243002 , P.R. China
| | - Qian-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Anhui University of Technology , Ma’anshan , Anhui 243002 , P.R. China , Fax: +86-555-2311059
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9
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Jędrzejewska H, Wielgus E, Kaźmierski S, Rogala H, Wierzbicki M, Wróblewska A, Pawlak T, Potrzebowski MJ, Szumna A. Porous Molecular Capsules as Non-Polymeric Transducers of Mechanical Forces to Mechanophores. Chemistry 2020; 26:1558-1566. [PMID: 31691377 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical grinding/milling can be regarded as historically the first technology for changing the properties of matter. Mechanically activated molecular units (mechanophores) can be present in various structures: polymers, macromolecules, or small molecules. However, only polymers have been reported to effectively transduce energy to mechanophores, which induces breakage of covalent bonds. In this paper, a second possibility is presented-molecular capsules as stress-sensitive units. Mechanochemical encapsulation of fullerenes in cystine-based covalent capsules indicates that complexation takes place in the solid state, despite the fact that the capsules do not possess large enough entrance portals. By using a set of solvent-free MALDI (sf-MALDI) and solid-state NMR (ss-NMR) experiments, it has been proven that encapsulation proceeds during milling and in this process hydrazones and disulfides get activated for breakage, exchange, and re-forming. The capsules are porous and therefore prone to collapse under solvent-free conditions and their conformational rigidity promotes the collapse by the breaking of covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wielgus
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Halina Rogala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wierzbicki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Bose A, Mal P. Mechanochemistry of supramolecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:881-900. [PMID: 31019581 PMCID: PMC6466741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The urge to use alternative energy sources has gained significant attention in the eye of chemists in recent years. Solution-based traditional syntheses are extremely useful, although they are often associated with certain disadvantages like generation of waste as by-products, use of large quantities of solvents which causes environmental hazard, etc. Contrastingly, achieving syntheses through mechanochemical methods are generally time-saving, environmentally friendly and more economical. This review is written to shed some light on supramolecular chemistry and the synthesis of various supramolecules through mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Bose
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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11
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Synthesis of Uniform Alkane-Filled Capsules with a High Under-Cooling Performance and Their Real-Time Optical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020199. [PMID: 30960183 PMCID: PMC6418806 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulating under-cooling materials has been a promising strategy to address the compatibility issue with a surrounding matrix. Herein, we present the synthesis of a uniform alkane-infilled capsule system that shows obvious under-cooling properties. As demonstrating examples, n-hexadecane was selected as a liquid alkane and n-eicosane as a solid in our systems as core materials via in-situ polymerization, respectively. The under-cooling properties of capsules were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, real-time optical observations with two polarizers, and molecular modeling. The n-hexadecane encapsulated capsules exhibited a large under-cooling temperature range of 20 °C between melt and crystallization, indicating potential applications for structure-transformation energy storage. In addition, molecular modeling calculations confirmed that the solid forms of n-hexadecane and n-eicosane are more stable than their liquid forms. From liquid to solid form, the n-hexadecane and n-eicosane release energies were 4.63 × 10³ and 4.95 × 10³ J·g-1, respectively.
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12
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Cohen Y, Slovak S. Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of diffusion NMR in studying calixarenes and other arene-based supramolecular systems is described, emphasizing the pivotal role played by the calixarene community in transforming the methods into a routine tool used in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
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13
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Islas IJ, Stengel D, Garcia CA, Addison JB, Samaan GN, Holland GP, Purse BW. 2H NMR reveals liquid state-like dynamics of arene guests inside hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene capsules in the solid state. Org Chem Front 2019; 6:1361-1366. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guest dynamics inside pyrogallol[4]arene hexamers in the solid state are sensitive to structure external to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irazema J. Islas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Dillan Stengel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Cesar A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - J. Bennett Addison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - George N. Samaan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Gregory P. Holland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Byron W. Purse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
- The Viral Information Institute
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14
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Horiuchi S, Tanaka H, Sakuda E, Arikawa Y, Umakoshi K. Encapsulation condition dependent photophysical properties of polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes within a hydrogen-bonded capsule. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5156-5160. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00737g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple modulation for encapsulation technique is a facile method to control the luminescent properties of supramolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Hiroto Tanaka
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
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15
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Payne RM, Oliver CL. A propanol-seamed C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene hexamer accessible via solution crystallization, liquid-assisted grinding and vapour sorption. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A propanol-seamed C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene hexamer formed from a bilayer structure by unprecedented, exposure to solvent in the vapour phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Payne
- Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch
- South Africa
| | - Clive L. Oliver
- Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch
- South Africa
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