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Ross DL, Jasniewski AJ, Ziller JW, Bominaar EL, Hendrich MP, Borovik AS. Modulation of the Bonding between Copper and a Redox-Active Ligand by Hydrogen Bonds and Its Effect on Electronic Coupling and Spin States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:500-513. [PMID: 38150413 PMCID: PMC11160172 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The exchange coupling of electron spins can strongly influence the properties of chemical species. The regulation of this type of electronic coupling has been explored within complexes that have multiple metal ions but to a lesser extent in complexes that pair a redox-active ligand with a single metal ion. To bridge this gap, we investigated the interplay among the structural and magnetic properties of mononuclear Cu complexes and exchange coupling between a Cu center and a redox-active ligand over three oxidation states. The computational analysis of the structural properties established a relationship between the complexes' magnetic properties and a bonding interaction involving a dx2-y2 orbital of the Cu ion and π orbital of the redox-active ligand that are close in energy. The additional bonding interaction affects the geometry around the Cu center and was found to be influenced by intramolecular H-bonds introduced by the external ligands. The ability to synthetically tune the d-π interactions using H-bonds illustrates a new type of control over the structural and magnetic properties of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores L Ross
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Andrew J Jasniewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Emile L Bominaar
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Hanft A, Rottschäfer D, Müller V, Weinberger P, Radacki K, Xie X, Lichtenberg C. Sulfinyl-aminotroponiminates: alkali- (Li, Na, K) and heavy-metal (Bi) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10809-10817. [PMID: 35818977 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The installation of electron-withdrawing functional groups at the carbocyclic backbone of aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligands is a versatile method for influencing the electronic properties of the resulting ATI complexes. We report here Li, Na, and K salts of an ATI ligand with a phenylsulfinyl substituent in the backbone. It is demonstrated that the sulfinyl group actively contributes to the coordination chemistry of these complexes, effectively competing with neutral donor ligands such as thf or pyridine in the solid state (XRD), in solution (DOSY NMR spectroscopy), and in the gas phase (DFT). The impact of the phenylsulfinyl group on the redox properties of the complexes have been investigated and access to sodium sodiate species through ligand-induced disproportionation has been studied. Transfer of the ATI ligand to the heavy p-block element bismuth has been demonstrated. Analytical techniques applied in this work include multinuclear and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, DFT calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Victoria Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Weinberger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-98074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Wu T, MacMillan SN, Rajabimoghadam K, Siegler MA, Lancaster KM, Garcia-Bosch I. Structure, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity of a Mononuclear Copper Hydroxide Complex in Three Molecular Oxidation States. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12265-12276. [PMID: 32531159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Structural, spectroscopic, and reactivity studies are presented for an electron transfer series of copper hydroxide complexes supported by a tridentate redox-active ligand. Single crystal X-ray crystallography shows that the mononuclear [CuOH]1+ core is stabilized via intramolecular H-bonds between the H-donors of the ligand and the hydroxide anion when the ligand is in its trianionic form. This complex undergoes two reversible oxidation processes that produce two metastable "high-valent" CuOH species, which can be generated by addition of stoichiometric amounts of 1e- oxidants. These CuOH species are characterized by an array of spectroscopic techniques including UV-vis absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS), which together indicate that all redox couples are ligand-localized. The reactivity of the complexes in their higher oxidation states toward substrates with modest O-H bond dissociation energies (e.g., 4-substitued-2,6-di-tert-butylphenols) indicates that these complexes act as 2H+/2e- oxidants, differing from the 1H+/1e- reactivity of well-studied [CuOH]2+ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Maxime A Siegler
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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Shukla J, Singh VP, Mukhopadhyay P. Molecular and Supramolecular Multiredox Systems. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:304-324. [PMID: 32154051 PMCID: PMC7050954 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of molecular and supramolecular multiredox systems have been summarized. These systems are of great importance as they can be employed in the next generation of materials for energy storage, energy transport, and solar fuel production. Nature provides guiding pathways and insights to judiciously incorporate and tune the various molecular and supramolecular design aspects that result in the formation of complex and efficient systems. In this review, we have classified molecular multiredox systems into organic and organic-inorganic hybrid systems. The organic multiredox systems are further classified into multielectron acceptors, multielectron donors and ambipolar molecules. Synthetic chemists have integrated different electron donating and electron withdrawing groups to realize these complex molecular systems. Further, we have reviewed supramolecular multiredox systems, redox-active host-guest recognition, including mechanically interlocked systems. Finally, the review provides a discussion on the diverse applications, e. g. in artificial photosynthesis, water splitting, dynamic random access memory, etc. that can be realized from these artificial molecular or supramolecular multiredox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
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Recent advances in the chemistry of group 9—Pincer organometallics. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Brazzolotto D, Bogart JA, Ross DL, Ziller JW, Borovik AS. Stabilizing a Ni II-aqua complex via intramolecular hydrogen bonds: synthesis, structure, and redox properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019; 495:118960. [PMID: 31607758 PMCID: PMC6788641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds within the secondary coordination sphere are effective in controlling the chemistry of synthetic metal complexes. Coupling the capacity of hydrogen bonds with those of redox-active ligands offers a promising approach to enhance the functional properties of transition metal complexes. These qualities were successfully illustrated with the [NNN]3-pincer ligand N,N' -(azanediylbis(2,l-phenylene))bis(2,4,6-triisopropyl-benzene-sulfonamido ([ibaps]3-) through the preparation of the NiII-OH2 complex, [NiII(ibaps)(OH2)]-. The [ibaps]3- ligand contains two appended sulfonamido groups that support the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The bulky 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl rings are necessary to ensure that only one ligand binds to a single metal ion. The molecular structure of the complex shows a square planar N3O primary coordination sphere and two intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the aqua ligand. Electrochemical measurements in acetonitrile revealed two oxidation events at potentials below that of the ferrocenium/ferrocene couple. Oxidation with 1 equiv of ferrocenium produced the one-electron oxidized species, [Ni(ibaps)(OH2)]. Experimental and computational studies support this assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Brazzolotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin A Bogart
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dolores L Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Stateman LM, Wappes EA, Nakafuku KM, Edwards KM, Nagib DA. Catalytic β C-H amination via an imidate radical relay. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2693-2699. [PMID: 30996986 PMCID: PMC6419930 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05685d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An iodine-catalyzed strategy for β C–H amination of alcohols is enabled by a chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selective H-atom transfer mechanism.
The first catalytic strategy to harness imidate radicals for C–H functionalization has been developed. This iodine-catalyzed approach enables β C–H amination of alcohols by an imidate-mediated radical relay. In contrast to our first-generation, (super)stoichiometric protocol, this catalytic method enables faster and more efficient reactivity. Furthermore, lower oxidant concentration affords broader functional group tolerance, including alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carbonyls, and heteroarenes. Mechanistic experiments interrogating the electronic nature of the key 1,5 H-atom transfer event are included, as well as probes for chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Stateman
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Ethan A Wappes
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Kohki M Nakafuku
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Kara M Edwards
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - David A Nagib
- The Ohio State University , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
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