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He S, Cheng Z. Near-Infrared II Optical Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Zhao X, Yu Q, Yuan J, Thakor NV, Tan MC. Biodegradable rare earth fluorochloride nanocrystals for phototheranostics. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15387-15393. [PMID: 33014350 PMCID: PMC7497408 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth (RE) doped inorganic nanocrystals have been demonstrated as efficient contrast agents for deep tissue shortwave-infrared (SWIR) imaging with high sensitivities leading to potential early detection of tumors. However, a potential concern is the unknown long-term toxicity and incompatibility of inorganic nanocrystals. In this work, biodegradable rare earth nanocrystals of Nd doped SrFCl coated with polydopamine (SrFCl:Nd@PDA) were designed. Instead of traditional fluoride hosts, the chlorinated SrF2 (i.e. SrFCl) with low phonon energy which significantly improved the brightness of SrFCl:Nd in the SWIR region was used as the host. After coating with a NIR-absorptive PDA layer, the SrFCl:Nd nanoparticles serve as not only a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging, but also a potential photothermal agent for cancer therapy. Moreover, these SrFCl:Nd@PDA nanoparticles can be rapidly and completely degraded in phosphate buffer solution within 1 h, which effectively addresses the concerns of the deleterious effects arising from potential long term accumulation. The increased accumulation and retention at tumor sites, and complete in vivo clearance ∼6 h after injection make these SrFCl:Nd@PDA nanoparticles a promising degradable phototheranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372.
| | - Qi Yu
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372.
| | - Jun Yuan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372.
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Zhao Z, Yuan J, Zhao X, Bandla A, Thakor NV, Tan MC. Engineering the Infrared Luminescence and Photothermal Properties of Double-Shelled Rare-Earth-Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4089-4101. [PMID: 33448810 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nascent field of theranostics, which couples targeted therapy with diagnostics, has catalyzed efforts toward improved nanoprobe designs that facilitate both localized treatment and diagnostic imaging. Rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (RENPs) have emerged as a leading candidate for theranostics because of their versatile synthesis and modification chemistries, photostability, and relative safety. Furthermore, their bright, tunable fluorescence using near-infrared (NIR) excitation enables multispectral imaging with high signal-to-background ratios. In this work, we have synthesized double-shelled RENPs with tunable properties for optimal fluorescent imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapy. The properties of the double-shelled RENPs were tailored by controlling the density of rare-earth ions (i.e., activator or sensitizer) by using either a functional amorphous organic or a crystalline outermost shell. This study systematically analyzes the effects of the functional organic or inorganic outermost shell on the imaging and photothermal conversion properties of our RENPs. Despite the weaker infrared absorption enhancement, the functional organic outermost shell impregnated with a low density of rare-earth ions led to minimal reduction of fluorescence emissions. In contrast, the higher density of rare-earth ions in the inorganic shell led to higher infrared absorption and consequently significant reduction in emissions arising from the undesired optical attenuation. Inorganic shell thickness was therefore modified to reduce the deleterious attenuation, leading to brighter emissions that also enabled the in vitro SWIR detection of ∼2500 cells/cluster. Using the enhanced infrared properties that arise from this functional inorganic layer, which could be engineered to respond to either NIR or SWIR, we demonstrated that (1) bright SWIR emissions allowed detection of small cell clusters; (2) strong PA signals allowed clear visualization of particle distribution within tumors; and (3) strong photothermal effects resulted in localized elevated temperatures. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of these double-shelled RENPs as theranostic agents that are compatible with both photoacoustic or fluorescent imaging platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghuan Zhao
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Aishwarya Bandla
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
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Zhao X, Song L, Zhao R, Tan MC. High-Performance and Flexible Shortwave Infrared Photodetectors Using Composites of Rare Earth-Doped Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2344-2351. [PMID: 30574785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand of infrared sensors for emerging applications such as autonomous vehicles and remote control and sensing systems has driven the development of flexible, low-power, and sensitive infrared detectors for seamless product integration. Although semiconducting polymer (SCP)-based photodetectors are promising solutions, challenges in synthesis chemistry and high thermal dark currents associated with narrowing of band gaps have limited their progress. To address these challenges, we have designed a new class of composites comprising SCPs with moderate band gap and rare earth doped-nanoparticles (RENPs) that enable photon-to-electron conversion beyond the SCP's response range. Using this RENP-SCP (RE-SCP) composite, we demonstrated detection at multiple wavelengths (808, 975, and 1532 nm) for planar-type photodetectors. Notably, the RE-SCP composite-based device detected an eye-safe, shortwave infrared (SWIR) source at 1532 nm with high SWIR responsivity of 0.02 A/W and an SWIR external quantum efficiency of 2%. The key attribute governing the excellent SWIR responsivity and sensitivity was the distinctive SWIR upconversion characteristic of RENPs that extended and improved the SCP's detection range and performance, respectively. Additionally, the absence of significant performance degradation of the SWIR photodetector for bending curvatures from 0-0.67 cm-1 highlights the promise of our RE-SCP composite-based flexible SWIR photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Li Song
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Rong Zhao
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development , Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
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Zhao Z, Kantamneni H, He S, Pelka S, Venkataraman AS, Kwon M, Libutti SK, Pierce M, Moghe PV, Ganapathy V, Tan MC. Surface-Modified Shortwave-Infrared-Emitting Nanophotonic Reporters for Gene-Therapy Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2305-2363. [PMID: 30417087 PMCID: PMC6226244 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as the next generation of therapeutic modality with United States Food and Drug Administration approved gene-engineered therapy for cancer and a rare eye-related disorder, but the challenge of real-time monitoring of on-target therapy response remains. In this study, we have designed a theranostic nanoparticle composed of shortwave-infrared-emitting rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (RENPs) capable of delivering genetic cargo and of real-time response monitoring. We showed that the cationic coating of RENPs with branched polyethylenimine (PEI) does not have a significant impact on cellular toxicity, which can be further reduced by selectively modifying the surface characteristics of the PEI coating using counter-ions and expanding their potential applications in photothermal therapy. We showed the tolerability and clearance of a bolus dose of RENPs@PEI in mice up to 7 days after particle injection in addition to the RENPs@PEI ability to distinctively discern lung tumor lesions in a breast cancer mouse model with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. We also showed the availability of amine functional groups in the collapsed PEI chain conformation on RENPs, which facilitates the loading of genetic cargo that hybridizes with target gene in an in vitro cancer model. The real-time monitoring and delivery of gene therapy at on-target sites will enable the success of an increased number of gene- and cell-therapy products in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghuan Zhao
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Harini Kantamneni
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Shuqing He
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Sandra Pelka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Aiyer Sandhya Venkataraman
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Mijung Kwon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Mark Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Vidya Ganapathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
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Stano P, Altamura E, Mavelli F. Novel directions in molecular systems design: The case of light-transducing synthetic cells. Commun Integr Biol 2017; 10:e1365993. [PMID: 29260799 PMCID: PMC5731512 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1365993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Important progresses have been achieved in the past years in the field of bottom-up synthetic biology, especially aiming at constructing cell-like systems based on lipid vesicles (liposomes) entrapping both biomolecules or synthetic compounds. These "synthetic cells" mimic the behaviour of biological cells but are constituted by a minimal number of components. One key aspect related to this research is the energetic needs of synthetic cells. Up to now, high-energy compounds have been given in order to drive biochemical reactions inside the vesicle lumen. In order to be autonomous, synthetic cells must produce their own biochemical energy from available energy sources. At this aim we started a long-term research program focused on the construction of photoautotrophic synthetic cells, starting with the reconstitution, in active and highly oriented form, of the photosynthetic reaction centre in giant lipid vesicles (Altamura et al., PNAS 2017, 114, 3837-3842). Here we comment this first milestone by showing the synthetic biology context wherein it is developed, the future steps, and the experimental approach that might allow such an achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Stano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Mavelli
- Chemistry Department, University “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
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