1
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Khan A. Cleavable azobenzene linkers for the design of stimuli-responsive materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6591-6602. [PMID: 38872512 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The azo linkage (NN) is one of the very few functional groups in organic chemistry that exhibits sensitivity towards thermal, chemical, photochemical, and biological stimuli. Consequently, this property has given rise to a distinct class of responsive materials. For example, thermal sensitivity has led to generation of free radical initiators useful in curing and polymerization applications. Chemically-induced cleavage has aided the development of self-immolative polymers and reactive scaffolds for proteomics applications. Photo-isomerization capability has given rise to photo-responsive systems. Azobenzene cleavage in biologically reducing environments, such as that of the colon, and under tumor hypoxia conditions has led to diagnostic, therapeutic, and delivery materials. Such conditions have also allowed for control over formation (assembly) and disruption (disassembly) of micellar nanoparticles. The aim of this review article is to look beyond the prevalent photosensitivity aspect of the aromatic azo compounds and draw attention to the azo scission reaction as a trigger of the change in the structure and properties of organic materials. Thus, the main discussion begins with the mechanism of the reductive cleavage. Then, its application in the design of molecules that can be activated as drugs and fluorescent sensors, (nano)materials with potential to release active substances, and polymers with side-chain and main-chain self-immolative capacity is discussed. Finally, the status and future challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzar Khan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies - INCDTIM, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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2
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Wang Y, Xia H, Chen B, Wang Y. Rethinking nanoparticulate polymer-drug conjugates for cancer theranostics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1828. [PMID: 35734967 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) fabricated as nanoparticles have hogged the limelight in cancer theranostics in the past decade. Many researchers have devoted to developing novel and efficient polymeric drug delivery system since the first generation of poly(N-[2-hydroxypropyl]methacrylamide) copolymer-drug conjugates. However, none of them has been approved for chemotherapy in clinic. An ideal PDC nanoparticle for cancer theranostics should possess several properties, including prolonged circulation in blood, sufficient accumulation and internalization in tumors, and efficient drug release in target sites. To achieve these goals, it is important to rationally design the nanoparticulate PDCs based on circulation, accumulation, penetration, internalization, and drug release (CAPIR) cascade. Specifically, CAPIR cascades are divided into five steps: (1) circulation in the vascular compartment without burst release, (2) accumulation in tumors via enhanced permeability and retention effect, (3) subsequent penetration into the deep regions of tumors, (4) internalization into tumor cells, and (5) release of drugs as free molecules to exert their pharmacological effects. In this review, we focus on the development and novel approaches of nanoparticulate PDCs based on CAPIR cascade, and provide an outlook on future clinical application. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Heming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Binlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Panda S, Dhara S, Singh A, Dey S, Kumar Lahiri G. Metal-coordinated azoaromatics: Strategies for sequential azo-reduction, isomerization and application potential. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Kolay S, Mondal A, Ali SM, Santra S, Molla MR. Photoswitchable polyurethane based nanoaggregates for on-command release of noncovalent guest molecules. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2132168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kolay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk. Mursed Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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5
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Zhu J, Guo T, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Triggered azobenzene-based prodrugs and drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2022; 345:475-493. [PMID: 35339578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzene-based molecules show unique trans-cis isomerization upon ultraviolet light irradiation, which induce the change of polarity, crystallinity, stability, and binding affinity with pharmacological target. Moreover, azobenzene is the substrate of azoreductase that is often overexpressed in many pathological sites, e.g. hypoxic solid tumor. Therefore, azobenzene can be a multifunctional molecule in material science, pharmaceutical science and biomedicine because of its sensitivity to light, hypoxia and certain enzymes, hence showing potential application in site-specific smart therapy. Herein we focus on the employment of azobenzene and its derivatives for engineering triggered prodrug and drug delivery systems, and provide an overview of photoswitchable azo-based prodrugs, the associated problems regarding ultraviolet light and reversible isomerization, as well as the potential solutions. We also present the advance of azo-bearing delivery vehicles wherein azobenzene act as the linker, capping agent, and building block, and discuss the corresponding mechanisms for controlled cargo release, endocytosis enhancement and sensitization of free radical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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6
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Abstract
Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed great achievements; azobenzenes have evolved from simple dyes to 'little engines' and have become ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives, ranging from textiles, cosmetics, food and medicine to energy and photonics. Despite their long history, azobenzenes continue to arouse academic interest, while being intensively produced for industrial purposes, owing to their rich chemistry, versatile and straightforward design, robust photoswitching process and biodegradability. The development of azobenzenes has stimulated the production of new coloured and light-responsive materials with various applications, and their use continues to expand towards new high-tech applications. In this Review, we highlight the latest achievements in the synthesis of red-light-responsive azobenzenes and the emerging application areas of photopharmacology, photoswitchable adhesives and biodegradable materials for drug delivery. We show how the synthetic versatility and adaptive properties of azobenzenes continue to inspire new research directions, with limits imposed only by one's imagination.
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7
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Suárez-Cruz A, Molina-Pinilla I, Hakkou K, Rangel-Núñez C, Bueno-Martínez M. Novel poly(azoamide triazole)s containing twin azobenzene units in the backbone. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro degradation studies. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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9
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Gonzaga RV, do Nascimento LA, Santos SS, Machado Sanches BA, Giarolla J, Ferreira EI. Perspectives About Self-Immolative Drug Delivery Systems. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3262-3281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Santra S, Sk MA, Mondal A, Molla MR. Self-Immolative Polyurethane-Based Nanoassemblies: Surface Charge Modulation at Tumor-Relevant pH and Redox-Responsive Guest Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8282-8289. [PMID: 32579366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a stimuli-responsive amphiphilic polymer has been of great interest in the area of targeted drug delivery applications. In this article, a new amphiphilic polyurethane with a hydrophobic backbone consisting of a redox-responsive self-immolative unit and hydrophilic pendant triethylene glycol, which is periodically grafted on the backbone by a tertiary amine group, has been designed and synthesized. This amphiphilic polymer self-assembles into a micellar nanostructure (investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy) in an aqueous medium and shows guest encapsulation property. Furthermore, the pH-responsive nature leads to the formation of a positively charged nanoassembly at a tumor-relevant pH (∼6.5-6.8), which is probed by zeta potential measurements. As the backbone was constructed with self-immolative, redox-responsive functionality, degradation of the polymer was observed in the presence of a reducing agent, glutathione (GSH), which results in disassembly of the self-assembled structure followed by guest release as probed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The triggered degradation and pH-specific charge generation (from neutral to positive), we believe, will have implications in the design of biodegradable polymers as supramoleular scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
| | - Mursed A Sk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
| | - Arun Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
| | - Mijanur R Molla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
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11
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Mulatihan D, Guo T, Zhao Y. Azobenzene Photoswitch for Isomerization-Dependent Cancer Therapy via Azo-Combretastatin A4 and Phototrexate. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1163-1168. [PMID: 32521572 DOI: 10.1111/php.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy organs/cells greatly limit their clinical efficacy and patient compliance. The unique behavior of azobenzene photoswitch offers a remarkable tool to address the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. The azobenzene moiety has been integrated within some chemotherapeutic drugs to realize photo-triggered activation of drug cytotoxicity. However, the clinical translation of these agents has been facing a few barriers. In this short review, we present our viewpoints on potential solutions to address the following challenges associated with azobenzene-based photoswitchable chemotherapeutic drugs, including poor tissue penetration of light, hypoxia-induced drug degradation in solid tumor and the autonomous cis-trans relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinaer Mulatihan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Yeoh YQ, Horsley JR, Polyak SW, Abell AD. A hypoxia-activated antibacterial prodrug. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127140. [PMID: 32247730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A prodrug based on a known antibacterial compound is reported to target Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under reductive conditions. The prodrug was prepared by masking the N-terminus and side chain amines of a component lysine residue as 4-nitrobenzyl carbamates. Activation to liberate the antibacterial was demonstrated on treatment with a model reductant, tin(II) chloride. The bioactivity of 1 was confirmed in antibacterial susceptibility assays whereas prodrug 2 was inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qi Yeoh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John R Horsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Steven W Polyak
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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13
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Synthesis of azobenzenes with high reactivity towards reductive cleavage: Enhancing the repertoire of hypersensitive azobenzenes and examining their dissociation behavior. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Eom T, Khan A. Hypersensitive azobenzenes: facile synthesis of clickable and cleavable azo linkers with tunable and high reducibility. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:420-424. [PMID: 31904038 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to show that by increasing the number of donor substituents in a donor/acceptor system, the sensitivity of the azobenzene linkage towards a reductive cleavage reaction can be enhanced to unprecedented high levels. For instance, in a triple-donor system, less than a second constitutes the half-life of the azo (N[double bond, length as m-dash]N) bond. Synthetic access to such redox active scaffolds is highly practical and requires only 1-2 synthetic steps. The fundamental molecular design is also adaptable. This is demonstrated through scaffold functionalization by azide, tetraethylene glycol, and biotin groups. The availability of the azide group is shown in a copper-free 'click' reaction suitable in context with protein conjugation and proteomics application. Finally, the clean nature of the scission process is demonstrated with the help of liquid chromatography coupled with mass analysis. This work, therefore, describes development of cleavable azobenzene linkers that can be accessed with synthetic ease, can be multiply functionalized, and show a clean and rapid response to mild reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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15
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Lei H, Mo M, He Y, Wu Y, Zhu W, Wu L. Bioactivatable reductive cleavage of azobenzene for controlling functional dumbbell oligodeoxynucleotides. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103106. [PMID: 31344515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Application of stimuli-responsive bioactive molecules is an attractive strategy due to use for target special tissues and cells. Here, we reported synthesis of an azo-linker, 2,2'-dimethoxyl-4,4'-dihydroxymethylazobenzene (mAzo), which was more effectively recognized and cleaved by reducing glutathione (GSH) via comparing with 4,4'-dihydroxymethylazobenzene (Azo). In addition, mAzo is further exploited to engineer dumbbell asODNs, which could result in the release of asODNs and thus modulate their hybridization to target nucleic acids. The present study is the first example to disclose efficient reductive cleavage of azobenzene by GSH to generate aromatic amine. This would provide a valuable strategy for tunable cell-specific release of ODNs and modulation of known disease-causing gene expression in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Lei
- Department School of Pharmacy Institution, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Mengwu Mo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ya Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shanxi 710065, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Department School of Pharmacy Institution, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Jiangxi 330013, China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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16
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Eom T, Yoo W, Kim S, Khan A. Biologically activatable azobenzene polymers targeted at drug delivery and imaging applications. Biomaterials 2018; 185:333-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Sarkar S, Sarkar P, Ghosh P. Selective Single-Step Oxidation of Amine to Cross-Azo Compounds with an Unhampered Primary Benzyl Alcohol Functionality. Org Lett 2018; 20:6725-6729. [PMID: 30350675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of a single-step synthesis of primary benzyl alcohol containing different cross-azo compounds (14 examples) by Cu(II) in the presence of a newly synthesized amino-ether heteroditopic macrobicycle cage. Interestingly, even with extreme conditions, the benzyl alcohol remains unoxidized by the Cu(II) catalyst due to the protective etherial pocket of the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Piyali Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
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19
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Yang H, Zhao X, Zhang X, Ma L, Wang B, Wei H. Optimization of bioreducible micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymers for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Liwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Baoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
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Li S, Wang J, Shen J, Wu B, He Y. Azo Coupling Reaction Induced Macromolecular Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solution. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:437-441. [PMID: 35619339 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This communication reported azo coupling reaction induced macromolecular self-assembly in aqueous solution. Diblock copolymer (PEG-b-PSNHBoc) consisting of a hydrophilic PEG block, and a hydrophobic N-Boc protected poly(p-vinylaniline) block was synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Then double hydrophilic diblock copolymer (PEG-b-PSN2+) composed of PEG and PS based macromolecular diazonium salts was prepared by the diazotization of PEG-b-PSNH2, which was obtained by deprotection of PEG-b-PSNHBoc. As N,N-dimethylaniline was gradually added into the freshly prepared PEG-b-PSN2+ aqueous solution, the azo coupling reaction between N,N-dimethylaniline and diazonium salts took place, which would lead to the generation of azobenzene pendants. Due to the poor solubility of azobenzene pendants in water, the formed hydrophobic polymeric chains aggregated to form the self-assembly colloidal particles. By incorporating a fluorescent group into the aniline, the aggregates formed through azo coupling reaction induced macromolecular self-assembly showed enzyme-triggered fluorescent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jilei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaning He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Matić J, Nekola I, Višnjevac A, Kobetić R, Martin-Kleiner I, Kralj M, Žinić B. C5-Morpholinomethylation of N1-sulfonylcytosines by a one-pot microwave assisted Mannich reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2678-2687. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fast and efficient route for the introduction of a morpholinomethyl moiety in the C5 position of the sulfonylated cytosine nucleobase has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Matić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | - Aleksandar Višnjevac
- Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Crystallography
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Bijenička cesta 54
- 10000 Zagreb
| | - Renata Kobetić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Irena Martin-Kleiner
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy
- Division of Molecular Medicine
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy
- Division of Molecular Medicine
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Biserka Žinić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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Carboxymethyl dextran-based hypoxia-responsive nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 110:399-405. [PMID: 29133095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop the hypoxia-responsive nanoparticles for cancer therapy, a polymer conjugate, consisting of carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) and black hole quencher 3 (BHQ3), was prepared. The polymer conjugate can self-assemble into nanoparticles (CMD-BHQ3 NPs) under aqueous conditions. The anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded in CMD-BHQ3 NPs to prepare DOX@CMD-BHQ3 NPs. The CMD-BHQ3 NPs released DOX in a sustained manner under physiological conditions, whereas the release rate of DOX remarkably increased under hypoxic conditions throughout the cleavage of the azo bond in BHQ3. In vitro cytotoxicity study revealed that DOX@CMD-BHQ3 NPs showed higher toxicity under hypoxic conditions than normoxic conditions. Confocal microscopic images indicated oxygen-dependent intracellular release of DOX from DOX@CMD-BHQ3. In vivo biodistribution study demonstrated that CMD-BHQ3 NPs were preferentially accumulated in the tumor after systemic administration into tumor-bearing mice. Overall, CMD-BHQ3 might be a promising carrier for selective drug release in the hypoxic tumor.
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