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Milewska S, Sadowska A, Stefaniuk N, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Wilczewska AZ, Car H, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K. Tumor-Homing Peptides as Crucial Component of Magnetic-Based Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Pharmacoeconomical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6219. [PMID: 38892406 PMCID: PMC11172452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is considered to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and new therapeutic approaches, especially improved novel cancer treatment regimens, are in high demand. Considering that many chemotherapeutic drugs tend to have poor pharmacokinetic profiles, including rapid clearance and limited on-site accumulation, a combined approach with tumor-homing peptide (THP)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles could lead to remarkable improvements. This is confirmed by an increasing number of papers in this field, showing that the on-target peptide functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles improves their penetration properties and ensures tumor-specific binding, which results in an increased clinical response. This review aims to highlight the potential applications of THPs in combination with magnetic carriers across various fields, including a pharmacoeconomic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Milewska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Natalia Stefaniuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (H.C.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Z. Wilczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (I.M.-T.); (A.Z.W.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (S.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (H.C.)
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Bellier N, Baipaywad P, Ryu N, Lee JY, Park H. Recent biomedical advancements in graphene oxide- and reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposite nanocarriers. Biomater Res 2022; 26:65. [DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecently, nanocarriers, including micelles, polymers, carbon-based materials, liposomes, and other substances, have been developed for efficient delivery of drugs, nucleotides, and biomolecules. This review focuses on graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as active components in nanocarriers, because their chemical structures and easy functionalization can be valuable assets for in vitro and in vivo delivery. Herein, we describe the preparation, structure, and functionalization of GO and rGO. Additionally, their important properties to function as nanocarriers are presented, including their molecular interactions with various compounds, near-infrared light adsorption, and biocompatibility. Subsequently, their mechanisms and the most appealing examples of their delivery applications are summarized. Overall, GO- and rGO-based nanocomposites show great promise as multipurpose nanocarriers owing to their various potential applications in drug and gene delivery, phototherapy, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering, and as antibacterial agents.
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Ghayyem S, Barras A, Faridbod F, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R. Effective PDT/PTT dual-modal phototherapeutic killing of bacteria by using poly(N-phenylglycine) nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:150. [PMID: 35304680 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated, for the first time, the antimicrobial properties of polyethylene glycol-functionalized poly(N-phenylglycine) nanoparticles (PNPG-PEG NPs). PNPG-PEG NPs exhibit high extinction coefficient in the near-infrared (NIR) region; they can convert light energy into heat energy with high thermal transformation efficiency. Additionally, they can generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation. Also, PNPG-PEG NPs are not cytotoxic. All these properties make them appropriate for combined dual-modal photothermal and photodynamic therapies. The antibacterial activity of PNPG-PEG NPs was assessed using Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) pathogenic strains. The results revealed that NIR light (810 nm) irradiation for 10 min could kill effectively the planktonic bacteria and destroy Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The results demonstrated that PNPG-PEG NPs represent a very effective nanoplatform for killing of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Ghayyem
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France.,Analytical Chemistry Department, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417935840, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Analytical Chemistry Department, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417935840, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France.
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4
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Mass spectrometry based targeted metabolomics precisely characterized new functional metabolites that regulate biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1145:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Andrei CC, Moraillon A, Lau S, Felidj N, Yamakawa N, Bouckaert J, Larquet E, Boukherroub R, Ozanam F, Szunerits S, Chantal Gouget-Laemmel A. Rapid and sensitive identification of uropathogenic Escherichia coli using a surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering-based biochip. Talanta 2020; 219:121174. [PMID: 32887096 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, selective and sensitive sensing of bacteria remains challenging. We report on a highly sensitive and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based sensing approach for the detection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in urine. The assay is based on the specific capture of the bacteria followed by interaction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilised gold nanorods (Au NRS) as SERS markers. High sensitivity up to 10 CFU mL-1 is achieved by optimizing the capture interface based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon a-Si:H thin films. The integration of CH3O-PEG750 onto a-Si:H gives the sensing interface an efficient anti-fouling character, while covalent linkage of antibodies directed against the major type-1 fimbrial pilin FimA of the human pathogen E. coli results in the specific trapping of fimbriated E. coli onto the SERS substrate and their spectral fingerprint identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Cassiana Andrei
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne Moraillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stephanie Lau
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nordin Felidj
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576 of the CNRS and the Univ. Lille, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576 of the CNRS and the Univ. Lille, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Eric Larquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - François Ozanam
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Anne Chantal Gouget-Laemmel
- Laboratoire de Physique de La Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Targeted Metabolomics Revealed the Regulatory Role of Manganese on Small-Molecule Metabolism of Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Immobilization Techniques for Aptamers on Gold Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Proteins: A Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10050045. [PMID: 32354207 PMCID: PMC7277302 DOI: 10.3390/bios10050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable biosensing platforms plays a key role in the detection of proteins in clinically and environmentally derived samples for diagnostics, as well as for process monitoring in biotechnological productions. For this purpose, the biosensor has to be stable and reproducible, and highly sensitive to detect potentially extremely low concentrations and prevent the nonspecific binding of interfering compounds. In this review, we present an overview of recently published (2017–2019) immobilization techniques for aptamers on gold electrodes for the electrochemical detection of proteins. These include the direct immobilization of thiolated aptamers and the utilization of short linkers, streptavidin/biotin interaction, as well as DNA nanostructures and reduced graphene oxide as immobilization platforms. Applied strategies for signal amplification and the prevention of biofouling are additionally discussed, as they play a crucial role in the design of biosensors. While a wide variety of amplification strategies are already available, future investigations should aim to establish suitable antifouling strategies that are compatible with electrochemical measurements. The focus of our review lies on the detailed discussion of the underlying principles and the presentation of utilized chemical protocols in order to provide the reader with promising ideas and profound knowledge of the subject, as well as an update on recent discoveries and achievements.
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Wang X, Wan R, Gu H, Fu G, Tang H, Hu G. Well-water-dispersed N-trimethyl chitosan/Fe 3O 4 hybrid nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetics for quick and effective elimination of bacteria. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:969-983. [PMID: 32085685 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1733751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 nanoparticles, used as peroxidase mimetics, exhibit splendid future in the biomedical field. However, the functionalization on Fe3O4 nanoparticles always goes with the loss of superparamagnetism and decrease in peroxidase-activity. Here, we synthesized green polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetic/N-trimethyl chitosan (CS) hybrid nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAA/TMC/PEG NPs) with improved water dispersibility, superparamagnetism, high saturation magnetization and well peroxidase-like activity. The functionalized coating was divided in two steps, one involved a cross-linked PEG/PAA/CS middle layer to protect the nanocrystal Fe3O4 from oxidization, the other was a hydrophilic PEG/TMC outer layer improving the water dispersion, biocompatibility, as well as supplying positive quaternary ammonium groups for a potential increase of cell binding efficiency. The structure, composition and morphology of Fe3O4@PAA/TMC/PEG NPs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, DLS, zeta potential measurement, respectively. Thermal performance was characterized by TGA, and the peroxidase-like mimics activity was tested by TMB·2HCl colour development experiments. The magnetic property of the as-prepared hybrid nanoparticles was first confirmed by VSM, and then proved by the bacterial pathogens adsorption, especially at ultralow pathogen concentration. Particularly, with an external magnet, the Fe3O4@PAA/TMC/PEG NPs, combined cationic quaternary ammonium groups and peroxidise-mimetic catalytic activity, were tested for antibacterial effect by plating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Wan
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Gu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Tang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Hu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Mohammadi F, Moeeni M, Li C, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Interaction of cellulose and nitrodopamine coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with alpha-lactalbumin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9704-9716. [PMID: 35497200 PMCID: PMC9050155 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of BLA on the SPIOns, and their non-toxic nature of the bioconjugate make these nanoparticles new model nanostructures for nanomedicine orientated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhrossadat Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Marzieh Moeeni
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Chengnan Li
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ISEN
- Univ. Valenciennes
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10
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Fatema KN, Oh WC. A Comprehensive Review: Development of Biosensors Based on
Graphene-Mesoporous Combined Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14233/ajmc.2019.ajmc-p76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reliable data obtained from analysis of DNA, proteins, bacteria and other disease-related molecules or organisms in biological samples have become a fundamental and crucial part of human health diagnostics and therapy. After a brief summary of the implication of template based ordered mesoporous materials in electrochemical science, the various types of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid mesostructured used to date in electroanalysis and the corresponding electrode configurations are
described. The development of non-invasive tests that are rapid, sensitive, specific and simple would allow patient discomfort to be prevented, delays in diagnosis to be avoided and the status of a disease to be followed up. The use of biosensors for the early diagnosis of diseases has become widely accepted as a point-of-care diagnosis with appropriate specificity in a short time. To allow a reliable diagnosis of a disease at an early stage, highly sensitive biosensors are required as the corresponding biomarkers are generally expressed at very low concentrations. In past 50 years, various biosensors have been researched and developed encompassing a wide range of applications. This contrasts the limited number of commercially available biosensors. Lately, graphene-based materials have been considered as superior over other nanomaterials for the development of sensitive biosensors. The advantages of graphenebased sensor interfaces are numerous, including enhanced surface loading of desired ligand due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, excellent conductivity and a small band gap that is beneficial for sensitive electrical and electrochemical read-outs, as well as tunable optical properties for optical read-outs such as fluorescence and plasmonics. In this paper, we review the advances made in recent years on graphenebased biosensors in the field of medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar Fatema
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Republic of Korea
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Zhang F, Wu Z, Huang Y, Keller AA. Successive removal of E. coli and a mixture of Pb2+ and malachite green from water via magnetic iron oxide/phosphate nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Magnetic Particles for Advanced Molecular Diagnosis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2158. [PMID: 31284393 PMCID: PMC6651565 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis is the field that aims to develop nucleic-acid-based analytical methods for biological markers and gene expression assessments by combining laboratory medicine and molecular genetics. As it gradually becomes a clinical reality, molecular diagnosis could benefit from improvements resulting from thorough studies that could enhance the accuracy of these methods. The application of magnetic particles in molecular diagnosis tools has led to tremendous breakthroughs in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and discrimination in bioassays. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the principles involved in the implementation of magnetic particles for sample preparation and targeted analyte isolation, purification, and extraction. Furthermore, the most recent advancements in the area of cancer and infectious disease diagnosis are presented, with an emphasis on screening and early stage detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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An efficient isolation of foodborne pathogen using surface-modified porous sponge. Food Chem 2019; 270:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Karahan HE, Wiraja C, Xu C, Wei J, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu F, Chen Y. Graphene Materials in Antimicrobial Nanomedicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701406. [PMID: 29504283 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene materials (GMs), such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. This report describes their state-of-the-art and potential future covering both fundamental aspects and biomedical applications. First, the current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms of GMs is illustrated, and the complex picture of underlying structure-property-activity relationships is sketched. Next, the different modes of utilization of antimicrobial GMs are explained, which include their use as colloidal dispersions, surface coatings, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy agents. Due to their practical relevance, the examples where GMs function as synergistic agents or release platforms for metal ions and/or antibiotic drugs are also discussed. Later, the applicability of GMs in the design of wound dressings, infection-protective coatings, and antibiotic-like formulations ("nanoantibiotics") is assessed. Notably, to support our assessments, the existing clinical applications of conventional carbon materials are also evaluated. Finally, the key hurdles of the field are highlighted, and several possible directions for future investigations are proposed. We hope that the roadmap provided here will encourage researchers to tackle remaining challenges toward clinical translation of promising research findings and help realize the potential of GMs in antimicrobial nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Enis Karahan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 638075 Singapore
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
- NTU‐Northwestern Institute of Nanomedicine Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 638075 Singapore
| | - Yilei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology 391 Binshui, Xidao, Xiqing District Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology 391 Binshui, Xidao, Xiqing District Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangdong Institute of Microbiology 100 Central Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Abstract
Reliable data obtained from analysis of DNA, proteins, bacteria and other disease-related molecules or organisms in biological samples have become a fundamental and crucial part of human health diagnostics and therapy. The development of non-invasive tests that are rapid, sensitive, specific and simple would allow patient discomfort to be prevented, delays in diagnosis to be avoided and the status of a disease to be followed up. Bioanalysis is thus a progressive discipline for which the future holds many exciting opportunities. The use of biosensors for the early diagnosis of diseases has become widely accepted as a point-of-care diagnosis with appropriate specificity in a short time. To allow a reliable diagnosis of a disease at an early stage, highly sensitive biosensors are required as the corresponding biomarkers are generally expressed at very low concentrations. In the past 50 years, various biosensors have been researched and developed encompassing a wide range of applications. This contrasts the limited number of commercially available biosensors. When it comes to sensing of biomarkers with the required picomolar (pM) sensitivity for real-time sensing of biological samples, only a handful of sensing systems have been proposed, and these are often rather complex and costly. Lately, graphene-based materials have been considered as superior over other nanomaterials for the development of sensitive biosensors. The advantages of graphene-based sensor interfaces are numerous, including enhanced surface loading of the desired ligand due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, excellent conductivity and a small band gap that is beneficial for sensitive electrical and electrochemical read-outs, as well as tunable optical properties for optical read-outs such as fluorescence and plasmonics. In this paper, we review the advances made in recent years on graphene-based biosensors in the field of medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université de Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, 59000 Lille, France
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