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Inorganic Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061127. [PMID: 35745700 PMCID: PMC9231279 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the demand for replacement of damaged or broken tissues has increased; this poses the attention on problems related to low donor availability. For this reason, researchers focused their attention on the field of tissue engineering, which allows the development of scaffolds able to mimic the tissues’ extracellular matrix. However, tissue replacement and regeneration are complex since scaffolds need to guarantee an adequate hierarchical structured morphology as well as adequate mechanical, chemical, and physical properties to stand the stresses and enhance the new tissue formation. For this purpose, the use of inorganic materials as fillers for the scaffolds has gained great interest in tissue engineering applications, due to their wide range of physicochemical properties as well as their capability to induce biological responses. However, some issues still need to be faced to improve their efficacy. This review focuses on the description of the most effective inorganic nanomaterials (clays, nano-based nanomaterials, metal oxides, metallic nanoparticles) used in tissue engineering and their properties. Particular attention has been devoted to their combination with scaffolds in a wide range of applications. In particular, skin, orthopaedic, and neural tissue engineering have been considered.
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Carthew J, Taylor JBJ, Garcia-Cruz MR, Kiaie N, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. The Bumpy Road to Stem Cell Therapies: Rational Design of Surface Topographies to Dictate Stem Cell Mechanotransduction and Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23066-23101. [PMID: 35192344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to a variety of physical cues from their surrounding microenvironment, and these are interpreted through mechanotransductive processes to inform their behavior. These mechanisms have particular relevance to stem cells, where control of stem cell proliferation, potency, and differentiation is key to their successful application in regenerative medicine. It is increasingly recognized that surface micro- and nanotopographies influence stem cell behavior and may represent a powerful tool with which to direct the morphology and fate of stem cells. Current progress toward this goal has been driven by combined advances in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Here, the capacity to generate precisely defined micro- and nanoscale topographies has facilitated the studies that provide knowledge of the mechanotransducive processes that govern the cellular response as well as knowledge of the specific features that can drive cells toward a defined differentiation outcome. However, the path forward is not fully defined, and the "bumpy road" that lays ahead must be crossed before the full potential of these approaches can be fully exploited. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities in applying micro- and nanotopographies to dictate stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Here, key techniques used to produce topographic features are reviewed, such as photolithography, block copolymer lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, colloidal lithography, electrospinning, and surface roughening, alongside their advantages and disadvantages. The biological impacts of surface topographies are then discussed, including the current understanding of the mechanotransductive mechanisms by which these cues are interpreted by the cells, as well as the specific effects of surface topographies on cell differentiation and fate. Finally, considerations in translating these technologies and their future prospects are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason B J Taylor
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maria R Garcia-Cruz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Recent Developments in Surface Topography-Modulated Neurogenesis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Raj V, Jagadish C, Gautam V. Understanding, engineering, and modulating the growth of neural networks: An interdisciplinary approach. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:021303. [PMID: 38505122 PMCID: PMC10903502 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the brain and its function remains one of the most significant scientific challenges. It not only is required to find cures for a plethora of brain-related diseases and injuries but also opens up possibilities for achieving technological wonders, such as brain-machine interface and highly energy-efficient computing devices. Central to the brain's function is its basic functioning unit (i.e., the neuron). There has been a tremendous effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of neuronal growth on both biochemical and biophysical levels. In the past decade, this increased understanding has led to the possibility of controlling and modulating neuronal growth in vitro through external chemical and physical methods. We provide a detailed overview of the most fundamental aspects of neuronal growth and discuss how researchers are using interdisciplinary ideas to engineer neuronal networks in vitro. We first discuss the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of neuronal growth as we stress the fact that the biochemical or biophysical processes during neuronal growth are not independent of each other but, rather, are complementary. Next, we discuss how utilizing these fundamental mechanisms can enable control over neuronal growth for advanced neuroengineering and biomedical applications. At the end of this review, we discuss some of the open questions and our perspectives on the challenges and possibilities related to controlling and engineering the growth of neuronal networks, specifically in relation to the materials, substrates, model systems, modulation techniques, data science, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidur Raj
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Chemla Y, Avraham ES, Markus A, Teblum E, Slotky A, Kostikov Y, Farah N, Telkhozhayeva M, Shoval I, Nessim GD, Mandel Y. Carbon nanostructures as a scaffold for human embryonic stem cell differentiation toward photoreceptor precursors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18918-18930. [PMID: 32910131 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been introduced as a scaffold for various biological applications due to their unique physical and electrical properties. Here we studied carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as scaffold materials for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) towards photoreceptor precursor cells (PRPs). We report on their cytoxicity, their effect on cell morphology, cell-surface interface and the differentiation process. To this end, hESCs were differentiated into PRPs on carbon nanofibers (CNFs), long horizontal CNTs (LHCNTs), vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) or glass (control) surfaces. The differentiated cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy. Our results revealed that the investigated nanomaterials were not cytotoxic to the cells during the differentiation process. The surface interface effect on the cells was apparent, affecting cell directionality, migration and morphology. Interestingly, cell fate was not dependent on the substrate type, as inferred from the similar dynamics of the loss of pluripotency and the comparable expression levels of the photoreceptor marker Crx for all investigated substrates. These results are important for better understanding the effect of nanomaterial surface interaction with differentiating neural cells in general, and for future use of these materials as scaffolds for differentiating photoreceptors for vision restoration in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Chemla
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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Tiwari A, Kumar R, Shefi O, Randhawa JK. Fluorescent Mantle Carbon Coated Core–Shell SPIONs for Neuroengineering Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4665-4673. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tiwari
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi-175005, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan-52900, Israel
| | - Orit Shefi
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan-52900, Israel
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Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials based strategies for neural tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research CentreIndian Institute of Technology Mandi Mandi, Himachal Pradesh India- 175005
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Gulino M, Kim D, Pané S, Santos SD, Pêgo AP. Tissue Response to Neural Implants: The Use of Model Systems Toward New Design Solutions of Implantable Microelectrodes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:689. [PMID: 31333407 PMCID: PMC6624471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of implantable neuroelectrodes is advancing rapidly as these tools are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in clinical practice, especially for the treatment of traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders. Electrodes have been exploited in a wide number of neural interface devices, such as deep brain stimulation, which is one of the most successful therapies with proven efficacy in the treatment of diseases like Parkinson or epilepsy. However, one of the main caveats related to the clinical application of electrodes is the nervous tissue response at the injury site, characterized by a cascade of inflammatory events, which culminate in chronic inflammation, and, in turn, result in the failure of the implant over extended periods of time. To overcome current limitations of the most widespread macroelectrode based systems, new design strategies and the development of innovative materials with superior biocompatibility characteristics are currently being investigated. This review describes the current state of the art of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models available for the study of neural tissue response to implantable microelectrodes. We particularly highlight new models with increased complexity that closely mimic in vivo scenarios and that can serve as promising alternatives to animal studies for investigation of microelectrodes in neural tissues. Additionally, we also express our view on the impact of the progress in the field of neural tissue engineering on neural implant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gulino
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Duque Santos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kumar VB, Kumar R, Gedanken A, Shefi O. Fluorescent metal-doped carbon dots for neuronal manipulations. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 52:205-213. [PMID: 30522849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need for biocompatible nanocomposites that may efficiently interact with biological tissues through multiple modalities. Carbon dots (CDs) could serve as biocompatible fluorescence nanomaterials for targeted tissue/cell imaging. Important goals toward this end are to enhance the fluorescence quantum yields of the CDs and to increase their targetability to cells. Here, sonochemistry was used to develop a one-pot synthesis of CDs, including metal-doped CDs (M@CDs), demonstrating how various experimental parameters, such as sonication time, temperature, and power of sonication affect the size of the CDs (2-10 nm) and their fluorescence properties. The highest measured quantum yield of emission was ∼16%. Similarly, we synthesized CDs doped with different metals (M@CDs) including Ga, Sn, Zn, Ag, and Au. The interaction of M@CDs with neuron-like cells was examined and showed efficient uptake and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the influence of the M@CDs on the improvement of neurites during initiation and elongation growth phases were compared with pristine CDs. Our research demonstrates the use of M@CDs for imaging and for neuronal interactions. The M@CD nanocomposites are promising due to their biocompatibility, photo-stability and potential selective affinity, paving the way for multifunctional biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhooshan Kumar
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Raj Kumar
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Orit Shefi
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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Kim Y, Meade SM, Chen K, Feng H, Rayyan J, Hess-Dunning A, Ereifej ES. Nano-Architectural Approaches for Improved Intracortical Interface Technologies. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:456. [PMID: 30065623 PMCID: PMC6056633 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes (IME) are neural devices that initially were designed to function as neuroscience tools to enable researchers to understand the nervous system. Over the years, technology that aids interfacing with the nervous system has allowed the ability to treat patients with a wide range of neurological injuries and diseases. Despite the substantial success that has been demonstrated using IME in neural interface applications, these implants eventually fail due to loss of quality recording signals. Recent strategies to improve interfacing with the nervous system have been inspired by methods that mimic the native tissue. This review focusses on one strategy in particular, nano-architecture, a term we introduce that encompasses the approach of roughening the surface of the implant. Various nano-architecture approaches have been hypothesized to improve the biocompatibility of IMEs, enhance the recording quality, and increase the longevity of the implant. This review will begin by introducing IME technology and discuss the challenges facing the clinical deployment of IME technology. The biological inspiration of nano-architecture approaches will be explained as well as leading fabrication methods used to create nano-architecture and their limitations. A review of the effects of nano-architecture surfaces on neural cells will be examined, depicting the various cellular responses to these modified surfaces in both in vitro and pre-clinical models. The proposed mechanism elucidating the ability of nano-architectures to influence cellular phenotype will be considered. Finally, the frontiers of next generation nano-architecture IMEs will be identified, with perspective given on the future impact of this interfacing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Seth M. Meade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Keying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - He Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jacob Rayyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Allison Hess-Dunning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Evon S. Ereifej
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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