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Peng B, Dong Q, Li F, Wang T, Qiu X, Zhu T. A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15314-15335. [PMID: 37703436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives constitute a significant class of emerging contaminants that have been ubiquitously detected in diverse environmental matrixes, with some even exhibiting higher toxicities than their corresponding parent PAHs. To date, compared with parent PAHs, fewer systematic summaries and reanalyses are available for PAH derivatives with great environmental concerns. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the chemical species, levels, biotransformation patterns, chemical analytical methods, internal exposure routes with representative biomarkers, and toxicity of PAH derivatives, primarily focusing on nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), halogenated PAHs (XPAHs), and alkylated PAHs (APAHs). A collection of 188 compounds from four categories, 44 NPAHs, 36 OPAHs, 56 APAHs, and 52 XPAHs, has been compiled from 114 studies that documented the environmental presence of PAH derivatives. These compounds exhibited weighted average air concentrations that varied from a lower limit of 0.019 pg/m3 to a higher threshold of 4060 pg/m3. Different analytical methods utilizing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS), gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QQQ-MS), and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), that adopted untargeted strategies for the identification of PAH derivatives are also reviewed here. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of biotransformation patterns for each category is provided, including the likelihood of specific biotransformation reaction types. For the toxicity, we primarily summarized key metabolic activation pathways, which could result in the formation of reactive metabolites capable of covalently bonding with DNA and tissue proteins, and potential health outcomes such as carcinogenicity and genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity that might be mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Finally, we pinpoint research challenges and emphasize the need for further studies on identifying PAH derivatives, tracking external exposure levels, evaluating internal exposure levels and associated toxicity, clarifying exposure routes, and considering mixture exposure effects. This review aims to provide a broad understanding of PAH derivatives' identification, environmental occurrence, human exposure, biotransformation, and toxicity, offering a valuable reference for guiding future research in this underexplored area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- SKL-ESPC and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianli Dong
- SKL-ESPC and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- SKL-ESPC and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Teng Wang
- SKL-ESPC and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- SKL-ESPC and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- SKL-ESPC and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Geng Y, Liu X, Yu Y, Li W, Mou Y, Chen F, Hu X, Ji J, Ma L. From polyphenol to o-quinone: Occurrence, significance, and intervention strategies in foods and health implications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3254-3291. [PMID: 37219415 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidation is a chemical process impairing food freshness and other desirable qualities, which has become a serious problem in fruit and vegetable processing industry. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in these detrimental alterations. o-Quinones are primarily generated by polyphenols with di/tri-phenolic groups through enzymatic oxidation and/or auto-oxidation. They are highly reactive species, which not only readily suffer the attack by nucleophiles but also powerfully oxidize other molecules presenting lower redox potentials via electron transfer reactions. These reactions and subsequent complicated reactions are capable of initiating quality losses in foods, such as browning, aroma loss, and nutritional decline. To attenuate these adverse influences, a variety of technologies have emerged to restrain polyphenol oxidation via governing different factors, especially polyphenol oxidases and oxygen. Despite tremendous efforts devoted, to date, the loss of food quality caused by quinones has remained a great challenge in the food processing industry. Furthermore, o-quinones are responsible for the chemopreventive effects and/or toxicity of the parent catechols on human health, the mechanisms by which are quite complex. Herein, this review focuses on the generation and reactivity of o-quinones, attempting to clarify mechanisms involved in the quality deterioration of foods and health implications for humans. Potential innovative inhibitors and technologies are also presented to intervene in o-quinone formation and subsequent reactions. In future, the feasibility of these inhibitory strategies should be evaluated, and further exploration on biological targets of o-quinones is of great necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Geng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Mou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Scaramboni C, Campos MLAM, Dorta DJ, de Oliveira DP, de Medeiros SRB, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Dreij K. Reactive oxygen species-dependent transient induction of genotoxicity by retene in human liver HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023:105628. [PMID: 37302535 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Retene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emitted mainly by biomass combustion, and despite its ubiquity in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), studies concerning its potential hazard to human health are still incipient. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of retene were investigated in human HepG2 liver cells. Our data showed that retene had minimal effect on cell viability, but induced DNA strand breaks, micronuclei formation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Stronger effects were observed at earlier time points than at longer, indicating transient genotoxicity. Retene activated phosphorylation of Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), an indicator of replication stress and chromosomal instability, which was in accordance with increased formation of micronuclei. A protective effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) towards ROS generation and DNA damage signaling was observed, suggesting oxidative stress as a key mechanism of the observed genotoxic effects of retene in HepG2 cells. Altogether our results suggest that retene may contribute to the harmful effects caused by biomass burning PM and represent a potential hazard to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Scaramboni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Lucia Arruda Moura Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yeap YJ, Teddy TJW, Lee MJ, Goh M, Lim KL. From 2D to 3D: Development of Monolayer Dopaminergic Neuronal and Midbrain Organoid Cultures for Parkinson's Disease Modeling and Regenerative Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032523. [PMID: 36768843 PMCID: PMC9917335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the loss of A9-specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. Despite intensive research, the etiology of PD is currently unresolved, and the disease remains incurable. This, in part, is due to the lack of an experimental disease model that could faithfully recapitulate the features of human PD. However, the recent advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has allowed PD models to be created from patient-derived cells. Indeed, DA neurons from PD patients are now routinely established in many laboratories as monolayers as well as 3D organoid cultures that serve as useful toolboxes for understanding the mechanism underlying PD and also for drug discovery. At the same time, the iPSC technology also provides unprecedented opportunity for autologous cell-based therapy for the PD patient to be performed using the patient's own cells as starting materials. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular processes underpinning the development and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into midbrain DA neurons in both 2D and 3D cultures, as well as the latest advancements in using these cells for drug discovery and regenerative medicine. For the novice entering the field, the cornucopia of differentiation protocols reported for the generation of midbrain DA neurons may seem daunting. Here, we have distilled the essence of the different approaches and summarized the main factors driving DA neuronal differentiation, with the view to provide a useful guide to newcomers who are interested in developing iPSC-based models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tng J. W. Teddy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme (IGP-Neuroscience), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mok Jung Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Micaela Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence:
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Molecular Events in the Melanogenesis Cascade as Novel Melanoma-Targeted Small Molecules: Principle and Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225588. [PMID: 36428680 PMCID: PMC9688330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most malignant of all cancers. Melanoma occurs at the epidermo-dermal interface of the skin and mucosa, where small vessels and lymphatics are abundant. Consequently, from the onset of the disease, melanoma easily metastasizes to other organs throughout the body via lymphatic and blood circulation. At present, the most effective treatment method is surgical resection, and other attempted methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and gene therapy, have not yet produced sufficient results. Since melanogenesis is a unique biochemical pathway that functions only in melanocytes and their neoplastic counterparts, melanoma cells, the development of drugs that target melanogenesis is a promising area of research. Melanin consists of small-molecule derivatives that are always synthesized by melanoma cells. Amelanosis reflects the macroscopic visibility of color changes (hypomelanosis). Under microscopy, melanin pigments and their precursors are present in amelanotic melanoma cells. Tumors can be easily targeted by small molecules that chemically mimic melanogenic substrates. In addition, small-molecule melanin metabolites are toxic to melanocytes and melanoma cells and can kill them. This review describes our development of chemo-thermo-immunotherapy based on the synthesis of melanogenesis-based small-molecule derivatives and conjugation to magnetite nanoparticles. We also introduce the other melanogenesis-related chemotherapy and thermal medicine approaches and discuss currently introduced targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable/metastatic melanoma.
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Dunsmore L, Navo CD, Becher J, de Montes EG, Guerreiro A, Hoyt E, Brown L, Zelenay V, Mikutis S, Cooper J, Barbieri I, Lawrinowitz S, Siouve E, Martin E, Ruivo PR, Rodrigues T, da Cruz FP, Werz O, Vassiliou G, Ravn P, Jiménez-Osés G, Bernardes GJL. Controlled masking and targeted release of redox-cycling ortho-quinones via a C-C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination. Nat Chem 2022; 14:754-765. [PMID: 35764792 PMCID: PMC9252919 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products that contain ortho-quinones show great potential as anticancer agents but have been largely discarded from clinical development because their redox-cycling behaviour results in general systemic toxicity. Here we report conjugation of ortho-quinones to a carrier, which simultaneously masks their underlying redox activity. C-benzylation at a quinone carbonyl forms a redox-inactive benzyl ketol. Upon a specific enzymatic trigger, an acid-promoted, self-immolative C-C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination mechanism releases the redox-active hydroquinone inside cells. By using a 5-lipoxygenase modulator, β-lapachone, we created cathepsin-B-cleavable quinone prodrugs. We applied the strategy for intracellular release of β-lapachone upon antibody-mediated delivery. Conjugation of protected β-lapachone to Gem-IgG1 antibodies, which contain the variable region of gemtuzumab, results in homogeneous, systemically non-toxic and conditionally stable CD33+-specific antibody-drug conjugates with in vivo efficacy against a xenograft murine model of acute myeloid leukaemia. This protection strategy could allow the use of previously overlooked natural products as anticancer agents, thus extending the range of drugs available for next-generation targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Dunsmore
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Julie Becher
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ana Guerreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emily Hoyt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Libby Brown
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sigitas Mikutis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Cooper
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isaia Barbieri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Lawrinowitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elise Siouve
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther Martin
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro R Ruivo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa P da Cruz
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Ravn
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Cho E, Allemang A, Audebert M, Chauhan V, Dertinger S, Hendriks G, Luijten M, Marchetti F, Minocherhomji S, Pfuhler S, Roberts DJ, Trenz K, Yauk CL. AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for oxidative DNA damage leading to mutations and chromosomal aberrations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:118-134. [PMID: 35315142 PMCID: PMC9322445 DOI: 10.1002/em.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee (GTTC) of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) is developing adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that describe modes of action leading to potentially heritable genomic damage. The goal was to enhance the use of mechanistic information in genotoxicity assessment by building empirical support for the relationships between relevant molecular initiating events (MIEs) and regulatory endpoints in genetic toxicology. Herein, we present an AOP network that links oxidative DNA damage to two adverse outcomes (AOs): mutations and chromosomal aberrations. We collected empirical evidence from the literature to evaluate the key event relationships between the MIE and the AOs, and assessed the weight of evidence using the modified Bradford-Hill criteria for causality. Oxidative DNA damage is constantly induced and repaired in cells given the ubiquitous presence of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, xenobiotic exposures may increase damage above baseline levels through a variety of mechanisms and overwhelm DNA repair and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Unrepaired oxidative DNA base damage can lead to base substitutions during replication and, along with repair intermediates, can also cause DNA strand breaks that can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations if not repaired adequately. This AOP network identifies knowledge gaps that could be filled by targeted studies designed to better define the quantitative relationships between key events, which could be leveraged for quantitative chemical safety assessment. We anticipate that this AOP network will provide the building blocks for additional genotoxicity-associated AOPs and aid in designing novel integrated testing approaches for genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunnara Cho
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical SciencesAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Liu Y, Ren X, He L. First-principles study of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione and DNA adducts. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:175102. [PMID: 34241046 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in environments, and some of them are causative agents of human cancer. Previous studies concluded that benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione (BPQ), which is one kind of carcinogenic PAH metabolites, forms covalently bonded adducts with DNA, and the major adduct formed is a deoxyguanosine adduct. In this work, we investigate the interactions between BPQ and DNA molecules via first-principles calculations. We identify six possible DNA adducts with BPQ. In addition to the four adducts forming covalent bonds, there are two adducts bound purely by van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Remarkably, the two vdW-bound adducts have comparable, if not larger, binding energies as the covalent adducts. The results may help us gain more understanding of the interactions between PAH metabolites and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lixin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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9
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A Congener-specific and Mixture Analysis of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Incident Breast Cancer. Epidemiology 2021; 32:499-507. [PMID: 33788793 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a diverse class of chemicals, are hypothesized mammary carcinogens. We examined plasma levels of 17 PCBs as individual congeners and as a mixture in association with breast cancer using a novel approach based on quantile g-computation. METHODS This study included 845 White and 562 Black women who participated in the population-based, case-control Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I. Cases (n = 748) were women with a first diagnosis of histologically confirmed, invasive breast cancer residing in 24 counties in central and eastern North Carolina; controls (n = 659) were women without breast cancer from the same counties. PCBs were measured in plasma samples obtained during the study interview. We estimated associations [covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] between individual PCB congeners and breast cancer using multivariable logistic regression. We assessed PCB mixtures using quantile g-computation and examined effect measure modification by race. RESULTS Comparing highest and lowest tertiles of PCBs resulted in ORs of 1.3 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.8) for congener 74, 1.4 (95% CI = 1.0, 1.9) for 99, 1.3 (95% CI = 0.91, 1.8) for 194, and 1.2 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.7) for 201. Among all women, we estimated a joint effect of the PCB mixture with an OR of 1.3 (95% CI = 0.98, 1.6) per tertile change. In race-stratified analyses, associations for tertiles of PCB mixtures were stronger among Black women (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.3) than among White women (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.81, 1.6). CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to PCB mixtures increase the risk of breast cancer, but studies of populations with different exposure profiles are needed.
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Mertens N, Heymann T, Glomb MA. Oxidative Fragmentation of Aspalathin Leads to the Formation of Dihydrocaffeic Acid and the Related Lysine Amide Adduct. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13111-13120. [PMID: 32023062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the degradation of C-glucosidic dihydrochalcone aspalathin as the major phenolic compound in rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) was investigated. Analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of aqueous aspalathin-lysine incubations after silylation showed the formation of dihydrocaffeic acid [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid] under oxidative conditions as a novel degradation product up to 10 mol %. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed the concurrent formation of the dihydrocaffeic acid lysine amide at about 30-fold lower concentrations, which was unequivocally verified by synthesis of an authentic reference standard. The amide was also verified in aspalathin-protein incubations after enzymatic hydrolysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Thus, the covalent interaction of phenolic plant compounds with proteins under mild conditions (ambient temperatures and neutral pH) was confirmed for the first time. Acid and free amide were also quantitated in rooibos teas with significantly higher values in fermented varieties. The mechanism of formation was clarified to be initiated by singlet oxygen and to include a rearrangement-fragmentation mechanism with 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene as the counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Mertens
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Heymann
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Nikolić GM, Živanović SC, Krstić NS, Nikolić MG. The Study of Mg(II) Ion Influence on Catechol Autoxidation in Weakly Alkaline Aqueous Solution. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Matsui T, Yamada N, Kuno H, Kanaly RA. Formation of Bulky DNA Adducts by Non-Enzymatic Production of 1,2-Naphthoquinone-Epoxide from 1,2-Naphthoquinone under Physiological Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1760-1771. [PMID: 31430133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quinones may be formed metabolically or abiotically from environmental pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); many are recognized as toxicological intermediates that cause a variety of deleterious cellular effects including mutagenicity. The PAH-o-quinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), may exert its genotoxic effects through interactions with cellular nucleophiles such as DNA, however, the mechanisms of 1,2-NQ adduct formation are still under investigation. With the aim to further understand these mechanisms, the chemical structures of adducts formed from the reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) with 1,2-NQ under physiological conditions were investigated by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and 1H NMR analyses. Results showed that 1,2-NQ underwent non-enzymatic oxidation to form a 1,2-NQ-epoxide which in turn formed at least four bulky adducts with dG, and these adducts were more likely to be formed under physiological conditions. A mechanism was proposed whereby hydration of 1,2-NQ to form unstable naphthohydroquinones and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone resulted in formation of hydrogen peroxide that oxidized 1,2-NQ. These results suggest that the genotoxicity of 1,2-NQ may not only be caused through oxidative DNA damage and adduct formation through Michael addition but also through non-enzymatic oxidative transformation of 1,2-NQ itself to form an intermediate PAH-epoxide which covalently binds to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsui
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences , Yokohama City University , 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa , Yokohama , Kanagawa 236-0027 , Japan.,Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Naohito Yamada
- Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuno
- Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Robert A Kanaly
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences , Yokohama City University , 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa , Yokohama , Kanagawa 236-0027 , Japan
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13
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McCarrick S, Cunha V, Zapletal O, Vondráček J, Dreij K. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:678-687. [PMID: 30616058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) are a group of environmental pollutants found in complex mixtures together with PAHs. In contrast to the extensively studied PAHs, which have been established to have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, much less is known about the effects of oxy-PAHs. The present work aimed to investigate the genotoxic potency of a set of environmentally relevant oxy-PAHs along with environmental soil samples in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). We found that all oxy-PAHs tested induced DNA strand breaks in a dose-dependent manner and some of the oxy-PAHs further induced micronuclei formation. Our results showed weak effects in response to the oxy-PAH containing subfraction of the soil sample. The genotoxic potency was confirmed in both HBEC and HepG2 cells following exposure to oxy-PAHs by an increased level of phospho-Chk1, a biomarker used to estimate the carcinogenic potency of PAHs in vitro. We further exposed zebrafish embryos to single oxy-PAHs or a binary mixture with PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and found the mixture to induce comparable or greater effects on the induction of DNA strand breaks compared to the sum of that induced by B[a]P and oxy-PAHs alone. In conclusion, oxy-PAHs were found to elicit genotoxic effects at similar or higher levels to that of B[a]P which indicates that oxy-PAHs may contribute significantly to the total carcinogenic potency of environmental PAH mixtures. This emphasizes further investigations of these compounds as well as the need to include oxy-PAHs in environmental monitoring programs in order to improve health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McCarrick
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Virginia Cunha
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Zapletal
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dong W, Yang B, Wang Y, Yuan J, Fan Y, Song E, Song Y. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Quinone Induced Parthanatos-like Cell Death through a Reactive Oxygen Species-Associated Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1164-1171. [PMID: 30295471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are emerging organic environmental pollutants, which were accused of various toxic effects. Here, we studied the role of a potential PBDEs quinone metabolite, PBDEQ, on cytotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage, and the alterations of signal cascade in HeLa cells. PBDEQ exposure leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, increasing terminal transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive foci, and the elevation of apoptosis rate. Furthermore, we showed PBDEQ exposure result in increased DNA migration, micronucleus frequency, and the promotion of 8-OHdG and phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) levels. Mechanism study indicated that PBDEQ caused poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activation and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation. All together, these results confirmed the occurrence of parthanatos-like cell death upon PBDEQ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Bingwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Yunqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China , 400715
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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A catalogue of somatic NRF2 gain-of-function mutations in cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12846. [PMID: 30150714 PMCID: PMC6110754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and characterization of somatic mutations in cancer have important prognostication and treatment implications. Genes encoding the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) transcription factor and its negative regulator, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are frequently mutated in cancer. These mutations drive constitutive NRF2 activation and correlate with poor prognosis. Despite its apparent significance, a comprehensive catalogue of somatic NRF2 mutations across different tumor types is still lacking. Here, we catalogue NRF2 mutations in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. 226 unique NRF2-mutant tumors were identified from 10,364 cases. NRF2 mutations were found in 21 out of the 33 tumor types. A total of 11 hotspots were identified. Of these, mutation to the R34 position was most frequent. Notably, R34 and D29 mutations were overrepresented in bladder, lung, and uterine cancers. Analyses of corresponding RNA sequencing data using a de novo derived gene expression classifier showed that the R34 mutations drive constitutive NRF2 activation with a selection pressure biased against the formation of R34L. Of all R34 mutants, R34L conferred the least degree of protein stabilization, suggesting a pro-tumor NRF2 half-life threshold. Our findings offer a comprehensive catalogue of NRF2 mutations in cancer that can help prognostication and NRF2 research.
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