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Gao L, Mei S, Ma H, Chen X. Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using citrus peel extract and their enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105940. [PMID: 35149377 PMCID: PMC8841883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound and plant extract are two green approaches that have been used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); however, how the combination of ultrasound and citrus peel extract (CPE) affects the structure characteristics and the bioactivity of AuNPs remains unknown. Here we investigated the effects of ultrasound conditions on the particle size, stability, yield, phenolic encapsulation efficacy, and the anti-inflammatory activity of AuNPs. The results showed that temperature was positively correlated to the particle size and the anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized AuNPs. Increasing the power intensity significantly decreased the particle size, while increased the change of total phenolic content (ΔTPC) in the reaction mixture. The increase of ΔTPC caused the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of AuNPs. The AuNPs synthesized with or without ultrasound treatment were characterized using UV-Vis, DLS, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and FT-IR. The result verified the formation of negatively charged, spherical, stable, and monodispersed AuNPs. AuNPs synthesized with ultrasound (AuNPs-U) has smaller particle size (13.65 nm vs 16.80 nm), greater yield and anti-inflammatory activity (IC50, 82.91 vs 157.71 μg/mL) than its non-ultrasound counterpart (AuNPs-NU). HPLC analysis showed that hesperidin was the key reductant for the synthesis of AuNPs. AuNPs-U also inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Our research elucidates the relationship between the reaction conditions and the structure characteristics and the anti-inflammatory activity of AuNPs synthesized using CPE with the help of ultrasound, thereafter, provides a feasible and economic way to synthesize AuNPs that can be used to ameliorate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Suhuan Mei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Cai R, Ren J, Ji Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Farhadi Sabet Z, Wu X, Lynch I, Chen C. Corona of Thorns: The Surface Chemistry-Mediated Protein Corona Perturbs the Recognition and Immune Response of Macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1997-2008. [PMID: 31867945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The significance of protein coronas on the biological fates of nanoparticles has been widely recognized. Therefore, the alterations on biological effects caused by protein coronas need systemic study and interpretation to design novel safe and efficient nanomedicines. In the present study, we present a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the protein coronas on gold nanorods modified with various surface ligands of different chemical compositions and charges. The design of surface ligands is of utmost importance for the functionalization of nanoparticles, and further, the ligand-induced biological identity determines the fate of nanoparticles in the human body. We found that the surface chemistry influences the composition of the protein corona more profoundly than surface charge. Since the first and most important challenge for administrated nanomedicines is navigating the interaction with macrophages, we further investigated how the surface chemistry-induced specific protein corona affects the phagocytosis and immune responses of macrophages exposed to the corona-nanoparticle complexes. Our results reveal that the protein corona alters the internalization pathways of gold nanorods by macrophages via the interactions of the predominant coronal proteins with specific receptors on the cell membrane. The cytokine secretion profile of macrophages is also highly dependent on the adsorption pattern of the protein corona. The more abundant proteins involved in immune responses, such as acute phase, complement, and tissue leakage proteins, present in the acquired nanoparticle corona, the more macrophage interleukin-1β (IL-1β) released is stimulated. The ligand-protein corona composition-immune response coefficient analysis may serve next-generation nanomedicines with high efficiency and good safety for better clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jiayu Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zeinab Farhadi Sabet
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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