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Chen W, Zhang Y, Di K, Liu C, Xia Y, Ding S, Shen H, Li Z. A Washing-Free and Easy-to-Operate Fluorescent Biosensor for Highly Efficient Detection of Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:945858. [PMID: 35837545 PMCID: PMC9273779 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.945858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional detection methods for protein tumor markers in the early screening of breast cancer are restricted by complicated operation procedures and unstable reproducibility. As one of alternative emerging tumor markers, exosomes play an important role in diagnosing and treating cancers at the early stage due to traceability of their origins and great involvement in occurrence and development of cancers. Herein, a washing-free and efficient fluorescent biosensor has been proposed to realize simple and straightforward analysis of breast cancer cell-derived exosomes based on high affinity aptamers and G quadruplex-hemin (G4-hemin). The whole reaction process can be completed by several simple steps, which realizes washing-free and labor-saving. With simplified operation procedures and high repeatability, the linear detection range for this developed fluorescent biosensing strategy to breast cancer cell-derived exosomes is from 2.5 × 105 to 1.00 × 107 particles/ml, and the limit of detection is down to 0.54 × 105 particles/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaili Di
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijia Ding, ; Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijia Ding, ; Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijia Ding, ; Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
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2
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Fang X, Li J, Zhong Q, Ming X. Synthesis and cytostatic activity of emissive 7-thiazolyl-7-deazapurine nucleosides. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu L, Duan J, Chen J, Ding S, Cheng W. Recent advances in rolling circle amplification-based biosensing strategies-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1148:238187. [PMID: 33516384 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an efficient enzymatic isothermal reaction that using circular probe as a template to generate long tandem single-stranded DNA or RNA products under the initiation of short DNA or RNA primers. As a simplified derivative of natural rolling circle replication which synthesizes copies of circular nucleic acids molecules such as plasmids, RCA amplifies the circular template rapidly without thermal cycling and finds various applications in molecular biology. Compared with other amplification strategies, RCA has many obvious advantages. Firstly, because of the strict complementarity required in ligation of a padlock probe, it endows the RCA reaction with high specificity and can even be utilized to distinguish single base mismatches. Secondly, through the introduction of multiple primers, exponential amplification can be achieved easily and leads to a good sensitivity. Thirdly, RCA products can be customized by manipulating circular templates to generate functional nucleic acids such as aptamer, DNAzymes and restriction enzyme sites. Moreover, the RCA has good biocompatibility and is especially suitable for in situ detection. Therefore, RCA has attracted considerable attention as an efficient and potential tool for highly sensitive detection of biomarkers. Herein, we comprehensively introduce the fundamental principles of RCA technology, summarize it from three aspects including initiation mode, amplification mode and signal output mode, and discuss the recent application of RCA-based biosensor in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xu
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Junman Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Wang X, Tao Z. Expanding the analytical applications of nucleic acid hybridization using junction probes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4931-4938. [PMID: 33043948 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid hybridization is crucial in target recognition with respect to in vitro and in vivo nucleic acid biosensing. Conventional linear probes and molecular beacons encounter challenges in multiplexing and specific recognition of intractable nucleic acids. Advances in nucleic acid nanotechnologies have resulted in a set of novel structural probes: junction probes (JPs), which make full use of the advantages of specificity, stability, programmability and predictability of Watson-Crick base pairing. In recent years, junction probes have been regularly implemented in constructing systems related to biosensing, synthetic biology and gene regulation. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in JP designs as potential nucleic acid biosensing systems and their expansive applications, and provide some general guidelines for developing JP based sensing strategies for implementation of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Huang Q, Li N, Zhang H, Che C, Sun F, Xiong Y, Canady TD, Cunningham BT. Critical Review: digital resolution biomolecular sensing for diagnostics and life science research. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2816-2840. [PMID: 32700698 PMCID: PMC7485136 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the frontiers in the field of biosensors is the ability to quantify specific target molecules with enough precision to count individual units in a test sample, and to observe the characteristics of individual biomolecular interactions. Technologies that enable observation of molecules with "digital precision" have applications for in vitro diagnostics with ultra-sensitive limits of detection, characterization of biomolecular binding kinetics with a greater degree of precision, and gaining deeper insights into biological processes through quantification of molecules in complex specimens that would otherwise be unobservable. In this review, we seek to capture the current state-of-the-art in the field of digital resolution biosensing. We describe the capabilities of commercially available technology platforms, as well as capabilities that have been described in published literature. We highlight approaches that utilize enzymatic amplification, nanoparticle tags, chemical tags, as well as label-free biosensing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Nantao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hanyuan Zhang
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Congnyu Che
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Fu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Taylor D. Canady
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
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Sun X, Liu Y, Liu L, Yin F, Liu R, Guo T, Li X, Xue Q. Label-free amplified fluorescence detection of DNA biomarkers based on KFP polymerase-driven double strand displacement reactions and magnetic nanoprobes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3092-3097. [PMID: 32930168 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing a sensitive, low-cost and general sensing platform for the analysis of a DNA biomarker and its mutation is important for early cancer screening. In our work, the tumor suppressor gene-p53 DNA was chosen as the model DNA biomarker due to its vital role in preventing oncogene cancer-inhibiting activity through mediating cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Compared with tumor biopsy, the quantification of p53 DNA and its mutation in biofluids (such as urine) is more convenient due to its simple operation and non-invasiveness. Herein, a label-free amplified fluorescence assay has been developed for p53 DNA in urine samples through the KFP polymerase-driven double strand displacement reactions and a magnetic nanoprobe. First, the ssDNA probe (RP) was designed with antisense sequences for p53 DNA and the Nb.BbvCI endonuclease recognition site. In the presence of p53 DNA, the formed dsDNA between RP and p53 DNA served as an engaging primer to initiate the first strand displacement reaction (SDA) under the action of KFP DNA polymerase and Nb.BbvCI, generating abundant short ssDNA (primer). Subsequently, the resulting primers will initiate the downstream SDA through the primer-hairpin DNA (HPa) binding, opening up, and extension of HPb and HPc under the action of KFP DNA polymerase. In the process of this final DNA polymerization reaction, the primer hybridized on HPa is released and goes on to initiate another round, forming plenty of duplex Y-shaped DNA. With the integration of SYBR Green I (SG I) into these duplex DNA, the amplified label-free fluorescence detection platform for p53 DNA can be achieved. Moreover, a biotin modified nanoprobe (bio-CP) was used to capture the superfluous HP. By performing the separation function, the binding of superfluous HP and SG could be avoided and a low background can be acquired. Benefiting from the abundant SG intercalation sites of Y-shaped DNA and low background signals, this method showed excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.012 nM, and the p53 DNA in urine samples was evaluated, offering a powerful tool for biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
| | - Yeling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
| | - Liqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Department of Art and Science, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liao Cheng 252059, China.
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Liang X, Li L, Tang J, Komiyama M, Ariga K. Dynamism of Supramolecular DNA/RNA Nanoarchitectonics: From Interlocked Structures to Molecular Machines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Makoto Komiyama
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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Fan GC, Zhao H, Ma L, Lu Y, Luo X. A distance-triggered signaling on–off mechanism by plasmonic Au nanoparticles: toward advanced photocathodic DNA bioanalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1345-1348. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An advanced signaling on–off mechanism was first proposed by integrating exciton–plasmon coupling and exciton energy transfer into cathodic PEC bioassays for ultrasensitive and specific detection of tDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Linzheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
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10
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Yan Q, Duan Q, Huang Y, Guo J, Zhong L, Wang H, Yi G. Symmetric exponential amplification reaction-based DNA nanomachine for the fluorescent detection of nucleic acids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41305-41310. [PMID: 35540087 PMCID: PMC9076420 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08854g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By introducing palindromic sequences into the classical exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR), we constructed a new palindromic fragment-incorporated multifunctional hairpin probe (P-HP)-mediated symmetric exponential amplification reaction (S-EXPAR), to significantly reduce the background signal caused by inherent nonspecific amplification. A G-triplex/ThT complex was used as the signal reporter for the proposed label-free DNA nanomachine. The P-HP consists of five functional regions: a C-rich region (C), a target DNA recognition region (T′), two nicking sites (X′) and a palindromic fragment (P). When target DNA (T) hybridizes with P-HP, the palindromic fragment at the 3′ end of P-HP is fully exposed. Then, the P-HP/T duplexes hybridize with each other through the exposed P, and EXPAR occurs automatically and continuously on both sides of P under the synergistic effect of polymerase and nicking endonuclease. This is called the S-EXPAR assay. In this system, one T converts to a large number of G-triplex fragments, which can combine with ThT within a short time. The G-triplex/ThT complexes formed act as the signal reporter in a label-free and environmentally friendly format. In this way, the limit of detection of this method is as low as 10 pM with a dynamic response range of 10 pM to 300 nM. In addition, this method can detect other nucleic acids by simply changing the T′ region of the P-HP. Thus, the proposed DNA nanomachine is a potential alternative method for nucleic acid detection. This label-free and ultra-low background signal DNA nanomachine was based on P-HP mediated S-EXPAR and the G-triplex/ThT complex.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education of China)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
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Ma H, Guo B, Yan X, Wang T, Que H, Gan X, Liu P, Yan Y. A smart fluorescent biosensor for the highly sensitive detection of BRCA1 based on a 3D DNA walker and ESDR cascade amplification. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19347-19353. [PMID: 35519381 PMCID: PMC9064877 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases. There is a continuous demand to develop rapid and sensitive methods for the specific detection of nucleic acids. Herein, we constructed a highly sensitive and rapid fluorescent biosensor for the detection of BRCA1 by coupling a 3D DNA walker machine with spontaneous entropy-driven strand displacement reactions (ESDRs). In this study, the 3D DNA walker machine was well activated by the target DNA; this resulted in the cyclic utilization of the target DNA and the release of intermediate DNAs. Subsequently, the free intermediate DNAs triggered the circulation process of ESDRs with the help of the assistant probe A, leading to a significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity. Due to the robust execution of the 3D DNA walker machine and highly efficient amplification capability of ESDRs, the developed biosensing method shows a wide linear range from 0.1 pM to 10 nM with the detection limit as low as 41.44 fM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the constructed biosensor displays superior specificity and has been applied to monitor BRCA1 in complex matrices. Thus, this elaborated cascade amplification biosensing strategy provides a potential platform for the bioassays of nucleic acids and the clinical diagnosis of diseases. Nucleic acid analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Haiying Que
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Xiufeng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
| | - Yurong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education)
- College of Laboratory Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- China
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