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Terabayashi R, Yoshida F, Kunimaru T, Hasegawa S. A cavity ringdown spectrometer for methane isotope analysis using a 1.65 µm distributed feedback diode laser with fiber optical feedback loop. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:043005. [PMID: 38661483 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of a 1.65 µm cavity ringdown methane spectrometer for methane isotope analysis is reported. In order to reduce the laser linewidth, simple optical feedback with an 11 m external fiber cavity using a retroreflector was implemented and it improved the sensitivity. The detection limit at the ppt level for both 12CH4 and 13CH4 concentrations at 100 Torr gas pressure was evaluated from the Allan-Werle plot calculated from the dataset obtained at the fixed laser frequency. In contrast, the detection limit estimated from the baseline noise on the absorption spectrum was a few ppb for both methane isotopologues due to the periodic background oscillations that remained even after baseline correction. The system demonstrated the direct measurement of ambient methane in atmospheric room air, and the estimated 13CH4 ratio as well as the methane concentration were in good agreement with the reference values of ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Terabayashi
- Nuclear Professional School, The University of Tokyo, 2-22, Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1118, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yoshida
- Science and Technology Department, Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan, 1-23, Shiba 4-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1080014, Japan
| | - Takanori Kunimaru
- Science and Technology Department, Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan, 1-23, Shiba 4-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1080014, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hasegawa
- Nuclear Professional School, The University of Tokyo, 2-22, Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1118, Japan
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Zheng K, Zheng C, Ma N, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tittel FK. Near-Infrared Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopic Multigas Sensor Using a 1650 nm Light Emitting Diode. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1899-1908. [PMID: 31184106 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared broadband cavity-enhanced sensor system was demonstrated for the first time using an energy-efficient light emitting diode (LED) with a central emission wavelength at 1650 nm and a light power of ∼16 mW. A portable absorption gas cell was designed for realizing a compact and stable optical system for easy alignment. An ultrashort 8-cm-long cavity was fabricated consisting of two mirrors with a ∼99.35% reflectivity. Methane (CH4) measurement was performed employing two detection schemes, i.e., NIRQuest InGaAs spectrometer and scanning monochromator combined with phase-sensitive detection. Retrieval of CH4 concentration was performed using a least-squares fitting algorithm. Sensitivities (i.e., minimum detectable absorption coefficient) were achieved of 1.25 × 10-6 cm-1 for an averaging time of 45 s using the NIRQuest InGaAs spectrometer and 1.85 × 10-6 cm-1 for an averaging time of 8 min using the scanning spectrometer in combination with lock-in detection. Field monitoring of CH4 gas leakage was performed using the NIRQuest spectrometer. Multigas sensing of CH4 and acetylene (C2H2) was carried out simultaneously using the high-resolution scanning spectrometer. A linear response of the retrieved concentration level versus nominal value was observed with a large dynamic range, demonstrating the reliability of the compact LED-based near-infrared broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (NIR-IBBCEAS) for multigas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zidi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Frank K. Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Zheng K, Zheng C, Yao D, Hu L, Liu Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tittel FK. A near-infrared C 2H 2/CH 4 dual-gas sensor system combining off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy and frequency-division-multiplexing-based wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:2003-2010. [PMID: 30698590 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
By combining frequency division multiplexing assisted wavelength modulation spectroscopy (FDM-WMS) and off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS), a near-infrared (near-IR) dual-gas sensor system was demonstrated for simultaneous chemical gas-phase detection of acetylene (C2H2) and methane (CH4). Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers modulated at the frequency of 3 kHz and 4 kHz with an emitting wavelength of 1532 and 1653 nm were used to target two absorption lines, C2H2 at 6523.88 cm-1 and CH4 at 6046.95 cm-1, respectively. A 6 cm-long cavity was fabricated, which reveals an effective path length of 9.28 m (@1532 nm, C2H2) and 8.56 m (@1653 nm, CH4), respectively. Performances of the dual-gas sensor system were experimentally evaluated using C2H2 and CH4 samples generated by an Environics gas mixing system. An Allan deviation of 700 parts-per-billion in volume (ppbv) for C2H2 with an averaging time of 200 s and 850 ppbv for CH4 with an averaging time of 150 s was achieved for these two gas species. Dynamic measurements of a C2H2/CH4 : N2 mixture were performed for monitoring both C2H2 and CH4 simultaneously. This dual-gas sensor has the merits of reduced size and cost compared to two separate OA-ICOS sensors and reveals the minimum detectable column density (DCD) compared to other reported C2H2 and CH4 sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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Zheng K, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tittel FK. Review of Incoherent Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) for Gas Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3646. [PMID: 30373252 PMCID: PMC6263486 DOI: 10.3390/s18113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) is of importance for gas detection in environmental monitoring. This review summarizes the unique properties, development and recent progress of the IBBCEAS technique. Principle of IBBCEAS for gas sensing is described, and the development of IBBCEAS from the perspective of system structure is elaborated, including light source, cavity and detection scheme. Performances of the reported IBBCEAS sensor system in laboratory and field measurements are reported. Potential applications of this technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Frank K Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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