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Tang JW, Qiao R, Xiong XS, Tang BX, He YW, Yang YY, Ju P, Wen PB, Zhang X, Wang L. Rapid discrimination of glycogen particles originated from different eukaryotic organisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1027-1036. [PMID: 36181881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are many commercially available glycogen particles in the market due to their bioactive functions as food additive, drug carrier and natural moisturizer, etc. It would be beneficial to rapidly determine the origins of commercially-available glycogen particles, which could facilitate the establishment of quality control methodology for glycogen-containing products. With its non-destructive, label-free and low-cost features, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an attractive technique with high potential to discriminate chemical compounds in a rapid mode. In this study, we applied the combination of SERS technique and machine leaning algorithms on glycogen analysis, which successfully predicted the origins of glycogen particles from a variety of organisms with convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm plus attention mechanism having the best computational performance (5-fold cross validation accuracy = 96.97 %). In sum, this is the first study focusing on the discrimination of commercial glycogen particles originated from different organisms, which holds the application potential in quality control of glycogen-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Tang
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Deparment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Xiong
- Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing-Xin Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - You-Wei He
- School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei Ju
- School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Arend N, Pittner A, Ramoji A, Mondol AS, Dahms M, Rüger J, Kurzai O, Schie IW, Bauer M, Popp J, Neugebauer U. Detection and Differentiation of Bacterial and Fungal Infection of Neutrophils from Peripheral Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10560-10568. [PMID: 32613830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are important cells of the innate immune system and the major leukocyte subpopulation in blood. They are responsible for recognizing and neutralizing invading pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. For this, neutrophils are well equipped with pathogen recognizing receptors, cytokines, effector molecules, and granules filled with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes. Depending on the pathogen type, different reactions are triggered, which result in specific activation states of the neutrophils. Here, we aim to establish a label-free method to indirectly detect infections and to identify the cause of infection by spectroscopic characterization of the neutrophils. For this, isolated neutrophils from human peripheral blood were stimulated in an in vitro infection model with heat-inactivated Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial pathogens as well as with heat-inactivated and viable fungi (Candida albicans). Label-free and nondestructive Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize neutrophils on a single cell level. Phagocytized fungi could be visualized in a few high-resolution false color images of individual neutrophils using label-free Raman spectroscopic imaging. Using a high-throughput screening Raman spectroscope (HTS-RS), Raman spectra of more than 2000 individual neutrophils from three different donors were collected in each treatment group, yielding a data set of almost 20 000 neutrophil spectra. Random forest classification models were trained to differentiate infected and noninfected cells with high accuracy (90%). Among the neutrophils challenged with pathogens, even the cause of infection, bacterial or fungal, was predicted correctly with 92% accuracy. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy enables reliable neutrophil phenotyping and infection diagnosis in a label-free manner. In contrast to the microbiological diagnostic standard, where the pathogen is isolated in time-consuming cultivation, this Raman-based method could potentially be blood-culture independent, thus saving precious time in bloodstream infection diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Arend
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Angelina Pittner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Abdullah S Mondol
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Marcel Dahms
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Reg. Assoc., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Rüger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,Centre for Innovation Competence Septomics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Albert-Einstein-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/E1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iwan W Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Reg. Assoc., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Reg. Assoc., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Long Y, Huang W, Wang Q, Yang G. Green synthesis of garlic oil nanoemulsion using ultrasonication technique and its mechanism of antifungal action against Penicillium italicum. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 64:104970. [PMID: 32014757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium italicum (P. italicum) can cause significant economic loss of fruits and vegetables. Although garlic oil (GO) is an effective antimicrobial agent, the unstability and hydrophobicity limit its use as an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional antibiotics against P. italicum. In this study, we focused on the fabrication and characterization of a functional GO nanoemulsion (NE) using ultrasonic technique and revealed the antifungal mechanism of the GO NE on P. italicum based on morphological, structural and molecular analyses. The optimal hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value determined for GO was 14 through the combination of Tween 80 and Span 80. Then the Box-Benhnken Design (BBD) was applied to produce the GO NE and the effects of different fabrication parameters on the particle size were evaluated. The optimal GO NE was selected with the GO concentration of 5.5%, the Smix concentration of 10%, the ultrasonic time of 5 min and the power of 50%. This GO NE had the smallest particle size of 52.27 nm, the best antifungal effect and the most stability. Furthermore, the antifungal mechanism of the GO NE on P. italicum was evaluated by extracellular conductivity, micro-Raman spectra, fluorescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The results presented that the GO NE retained the antifungal active ingredients. The fungal cell structure and morphology were malformed after treated with the GO NE and the lipids, nucleic acids and protein of P. italicum were destructed. Finally, the optimal GO NE was applied in vivo and P. italicum in citrus was successfully inhibited. It indicated that the optimal GO NE had the better antifungal activity against P. italicum than the pure GO. Besides, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GO after preparing into the NE was changed from 3.7% to 0.01265% with about 300 times improvement of bioavailability. Therefore, the synthetic GO NE which promoted the bioavailability of GO was recommended as a promising alternative to inhibit P. italicum in vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Long
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
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Cherkas A, Holota S, Mdzinarashvili T, Gabbianelli R, Zarkovic N. Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020140. [PMID: 32033390 PMCID: PMC7070274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain its metabolic needs. Glucose is considered to be the most important energy source, and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when the glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. The PPP generates and maintains the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) needed for the reduction in oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, the synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. The flux of glucose into a PPP—particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges—is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for the activation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain the disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload, and provide new insights into the positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- Department of Internal Medicine # 1, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Tamaz Mdzinarashvili
- Institute of Medical and Applied Biophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0128 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Institute “Rudjer Boskovic”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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