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Ariga K, Akakabe S, Sekiguchi R, Thomas ML, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M, Yoshizawa-Fujita M. Boosting the Ionic Conductivity of Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Plastic Crystals by LLZO Fillers. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22203-22212. [PMID: 38799302 PMCID: PMC11112583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) have attracted attention as novel organic solid electrolyte materials, but their insufficient mechanical strength and ionic conductivity have prevented their application. In this study, a lithium salt, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSA), and an inorganic solid electrolyte, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), were added to an OIPC, N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C2epyr][FSA]). The fabricated organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolytes were evaluated thermally, mechanically, and electrochemically to reveal which factors affect the properties of the electrolytes. All samples showed excellent thermal stability regardless of LiFSA or LLZO concentration, and they were found to be highly plastic and ion-conductive solids at a wide range of temperatures. It was also revealed that the addition of LLZO raised the nanoindentation stiffness (HIT) of the [C2epyr][FSA]/LiFSA composites. The ionic conductivity of the hybrid electrolytes was higher than that of the pristine OIPC, reaching a value of 2.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C upon addition of appropriate amounts of LiFSA and LLZO. Overall, samples with higher LiFSA concentration and moderate LLZO concentration exhibited higher ionic conductivity. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that the [C2epyr][FSA]/LiFSA/LLZO composites were lithium-ion conductors. These findings indicate that by optimizing the concentrations of lithium salt and LLZO, it would be possible to realize their applications as solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotoko Ariga
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Shuho Akakabe
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sekiguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Morgan L. Thomas
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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Dick L, Buchmüller K, Kirchner B. Coordination Behavior of a Confined Ionic Liquid in Carbon Nanotubes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38660932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
To understand the behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) at carbon material, i.e., carbon nanotube (CNT)-containing pores, we simulated different systems and analyzed their structural─in particular their coordination─behavior as well as their velocity distribution. The extension of our analysis tool CONAN presented here allowed us to study the coordination behavior as a function of the distance to the carbon material. Our systems were composed of three different CNTs combined with either the neat IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or with their NaBF4 salt mixtures. We investigated the impact of the force field charge scaling. As previously detected, the neat IL assumed radial layers within the confinement, with the radial density distribution depending strongly on the pore size. For the salt mixtures, the sodium cation remained in the bulk and was observed only once inside a tube. In all systems, the ions showed an overall decreased coordination behavior for regions in the bulk phase close to the carbon pore and within the confinement. The coordination number was always reduced with scaled charges. For charge scaling, higher dynamics was observed also in confinement. Interestingly, the average velocity of the atoms near the surface inside the confined space was higher than that in the center of the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Dick
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4 + 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kai Buchmüller
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4 + 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4 + 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Kim JY, Suk Choi Y, Bae SE, Park TH, Kim TH. Microsecond-scale staircase voltammetry for measuring the electrical conductivity of highly conductive liquids. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Oh S, Keating MJ, Biddinger EJ. Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Ionic-Liquid- and Ester-Based Cosolvent Mixtures with Lithium Salts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Michael J. Keating
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of City University of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Biddinger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of City University of New York, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Biernacka K, Makhlooghiazad F, Popov I, Zhu H, Chotard JN, O'Dell LA, Sokolov AP, Pringle JM, Forsyth M. Exploration of phase diagram, structural and dynamic behavior of [HMG][FSI] mixtures with NaFSI across an extended composition range. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16712-16723. [PMID: 35770687 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([HMG][FSI]) has recently been shown to be a promising solid state organic ionic plastic crystal with potential application in advanced alkali metal batteries. This study provides a detailed exploration of the structural and dynamic behavior of [HMG][FSI] mixtures with the sodium salt NaFSI across the whole composition range from 0 to 100 mol%. All mixtures are solids at room temperature. A combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and multinuclear solid state NMR spectroscopy is employed to identify a partial phase diagram. The 25 mol% NaFSI/75 mol% [HMG][FSI] composition presents as the eutectic composition with the eutectic transition temperature at 44 °C. Both DSC and SXRD strongly support the formation of a new compound near 50 mol% NaFSI. Interestingly, the 53 mol% NaFSI [HMG][FSI] composition was consistently found to display features of a pure compound whereas the 50 mol% materials always showed a second phase. Many of the compositions examined showed unusual metastable behaviour. Moreover, the ion dynamics as determined by NMR, indicate that the Na+ and FSI- anions are signifcantly more mobile than the HMG cation in the liquid state (including the metastable state) for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Biernacka
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Faezeh Makhlooghiazad
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Ivan Popov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Haijin Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Jean-Noël Chotard
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et de Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR 7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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Development of new solid-state electrolytes based on a hexamethylguanidinium plastic crystal and lithium salts. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al‐Masri D, Yunis R, Hollenkamp AF, Pringle JM. Designing Solid‐State Electrolytes through the Structural Modification of a High‐Performing Ionic Liquid. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danah Al‐Masri
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3217 Australia
| | - Ruhamah Yunis
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3217 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hollenkamp
- Energy Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton South Victoria 3169 Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3217 Australia
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8
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Al-Masri D, Yunis R, Hollenkamp AF, Doherty CM, Pringle JM. The influence of alkyl chain branching on the properties of pyrrolidinium-based ionic electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18102-18113. [PMID: 32760990 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids and plastic crystals based on pyrrolidinium cations are recognised for their advantageous properties such as high conductivity, low viscosity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. The pyrrolidinium ring can be substituted with symmetric or asymmetric alkyl chain substituents to form a range of ionic liquids or plastic crystals depending on the anion. However, reports into the use of branched alkyl chains and how this influences the material properties are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of six salts - ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals - where the typically used linear propyl chain substituent is replaced by the branched alternative, isopropyl, to form the cation [C(i3)mpyr]+, in combination with six different anions: dicyanamide, (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. The thermal and transport properties of these salts are compared to those of the analogous N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium-based salts. Finally, a high lithium salt content ionic liquid electrolyte based on the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt was developed. This electrolyte showed high coulombic efficiencies of lithium plating/stripping and high lithium ion transference number, making it a strong candidate for use in lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Al-Masri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Ruhamah Yunis
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Hollenkamp
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Energy, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara M Doherty
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Huang W, Ding J, Wan H, Guan G. Facile Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidine over Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Huang
- College of Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Jing Ding
- College of Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Hui Wan
- College of Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Guan
- College of Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
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Kar M, Plechkova NV, Seddon KR, Pringle JM, MacFarlane DR. Ionic Liquids – Further Progress on the Fundamental Issues. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids continue to challenge conventional descriptions of liquids and their behaviour. Indeed, the ever-increasing variety of ionic liquid compounds has generated a need for multiple descriptions of the different molecular families, including protic, aprotic, solvate, and metal coordination complex families of ionic liquids, that exhibit very different behaviours. Within families, the balance of long-range electrostatic and short-range dispersion forces plays out in nanoscale heterogeneity that also impacts markedly on properties. In this perspective, we highlight some of the issues in the field that continue to deserve further investigation and development at both the experimental and fundamental levels. We also propose a set of nomenclature abbreviations in an attempt to systematise the plethora of confusing abbreviations that appear in the field. The distinction between ionic liquids, ionic liquid–solvent mixtures, and deep eutectic solvents is also discussed.
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