1
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Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Ganguly HK, Ludwig BA, Tressler CM, Bhatt MR, Pandey AK, Quinn CM, Bai S, Yap GPA, Zondlo NJ. 4,4-Difluoroproline as a Unique 19F NMR Probe of Proline Conformation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1131-1146. [PMID: 38598681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of proline conformational equilibria (trans versus cis amide and exo versus endo ring pucker) on protein structure and function, there is a lack of convenient ways to probe proline conformation. 4,4-Difluoroproline (Dfp) was identified to be a sensitive 19F NMR-based probe of proline conformational biases and cis-trans isomerism. Within model compounds and disordered peptides, the diastereotopic fluorines of Dfp exhibit similar chemical shifts (ΔδFF = 0-3 ppm) when a trans X-Dfp amide bond is present. In contrast, the diastereotopic fluorines exhibit a large (ΔδFF = 5-12 ppm) difference in chemical shift in a cis X-Dfp prolyl amide bond. DFT calculations, X-ray crystallography, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy indicated that ΔδFF directly reports on the relative preference of one proline ring pucker over the other: a fluorine which is pseudo-axial (i.e., the pro-4R-F in an exo ring pucker, or the pro-4S-F in an endo ring pucker) is downfield, while a fluorine which is pseudo-equatorial (i.e., pro-4S-F when exo, or pro-4R-F when endo) is upfield. Thus, when a proline is disordered (a mixture of exo and endo ring puckers, as at trans-Pro in peptides in water), it exhibits a small Δδ. In contrast, when the Pro is ordered (i.e., when one ring pucker is strongly preferred, as in cis-Pro amide bonds, where the endo ring pucker is strongly favored), a large Δδ is observed. Dfp can be used to identify inherent induced order in peptides and to quantify proline cis-trans isomerism. Using Dfp, we discovered that the stable polyproline II helix (PPII) formed in the denatured state (8 M urea) exhibits essentially equal populations of the exo and endo proline ring puckers. In addition, the data with Dfp suggested the specific stabilization of PPII by water over other polar solvents. These data strongly support the importance of carbonyl solvation and n → π* interactions for the stabilization of PPII. Dfp was also employed to quantify proline cis-trans isomerism as a function of phosphorylation and the R406W mutation in peptides derived from the intrinsically disordered protein tau. Dfp is minimally sterically disruptive and can be incorporated in expressed proteins, suggesting its broad application in understanding proline cis-trans isomerization, protein folding, and local order in intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal K Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Brice A Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Tressler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Megh R Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Anil K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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3
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Mycroft C, Smith MJ, Nilsson M, Morris GA, Castañar L. Pure shift FESTA: An ultra-high resolution NMR tool for the analysis of complex fluorine-containing spin systems. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:606-614. [PMID: 37688573 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
NMR measurements of molecules containing sparse fluorine atoms are becoming increasingly common due to their prevalence in medicinal chemistry. However, the presence of both homonuclear and heteronuclear scalar couplings severely complicates their analysis by NMR. In complex systems, FESTA, a heteronuclear spectral editing method, allows simplified 1 H NMR spectra to be obtained containing only 1 H signals from the same spin system as a chosen 19 F. Despite spectral simplification, signal overlap due to the presence of scalar couplings is often a problem in FESTA spectra. Here, we report a new experiment that combines FESTA and pure shift methods to provide fully decoupled ultra-high resolution FESTA spectra showing a single signal for each 1 H chemical environment. The utility of the method is demonstrated for the analysis of two complex fluorine-containing mixtures of pharmaceutical and biochemical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Mycroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marshall J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathias Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gareth A Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Castañar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Oehler S, Lucaroni L, Migliorini F, Elsayed A, Prati L, Puglioli S, Matasci M, Schira K, Scheuermann J, Yudin D, Jia M, Ban N, Bushnell D, Kornberg R, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Favalli N, Bassi G. A DNA-encoded chemical library based on chiral 4-amino-proline enables stereospecific isozyme-selective protein recognition. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1431-1443. [PMID: 37400597 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) consist of large chemical compound collections individually linked to DNA barcodes, facilitating pooled construction and screening. However, screening campaigns often fail if the molecular arrangement of the building blocks is not conducive to an efficient interaction with a protein target. Here we postulated that the use of rigid, compact and stereo-defined central scaffolds for DEL synthesis may facilitate the discovery of very specific ligands capable of discriminating between closely related protein targets. We synthesized a DEL comprising 3,735,936 members, featuring the four stereoisomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid as central scaffolds. The library was screened in comparative selections against pharmaceutically relevant targets and their closely related protein isoforms. Hit validation results revealed a strong impact of stereochemistry, with large affinity differences between stereoisomers. We identified potent isozyme-selective ligands against multiple protein targets. Some of these hits, specific to tumour-associated antigens, demonstrated tumour-selective targeting in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, constructing DELs with stereo-defined elements contributed to high library productivity and ligand selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdullah Elsayed
- Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Kristina Schira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Yudin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Kornberg
- NeoTX Therapeutics LTD, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Philogen SPA, Siena, Italy
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5
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Miles SA, Nillama JA, Hunter L. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: The Diverse Roles That Fluorine Can Play within Amino Acid Side Chains. Molecules 2023; 28:6192. [PMID: 37687021 PMCID: PMC10489206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Side chain-fluorinated amino acids are useful tools in medicinal chemistry and protein science. In this review, we outline some general strategies for incorporating fluorine atom(s) into amino acid side chains and for elaborating such building blocks into more complex fluorinated peptides and proteins. We then describe the diverse benefits that fluorine can offer when located within amino acid side chains, including enabling 19F NMR and 18F PET imaging applications, enhancing pharmacokinetic properties, controlling molecular conformation, and optimizing target-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
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6
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Mycroft C, Nilsson M, Morris GA, Castañar L. Simultaneous Broadband Suppression of Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Couplings in 1 H NMR Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200495. [PMID: 35994208 PMCID: PMC10099583 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The 1 H NMR analysis of species containing NMR-active heteronuclei can be difficult due to signal overlap caused by the combined effects of homonuclear and heteronuclear scalar (J) couplings. Here, a general pure shift method is presented for obtaining ultra-high resolution 1 H NMR spectra where spectral overlap is drastically reduced by suppressing both homonuclear and heteronuclear J-couplings, giving one single signal per 1 H chemical environment. Its usefulness is demonstrated in the analysis of fluorine- and phosphorus-containing compounds of pharmaceutical and biochemical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Mycroft
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth A Morris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Castañar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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7
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Li YX, Wang JZ, Shimadate Y, Kise M, Kato A, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Diastereoselective Synthesis, Glycosidase Inhibition, and Docking Study of C-7-Fluorinated Casuarine and Australine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7291-7307. [PMID: 35584209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-7-fluorinated derivatives of two important polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines, casuarine and australine, were synthesized with organocatalytic stereoselective α-fluorination of aldehydes as the key step. The strategy is extensively applicable to some synthetically challenging fluorinated iminosugars and carbohydrates. The docking studies indicated that the potent inhibitions of trehalase and amyloglucosidase by the fluorinated polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines are due to the interaction modes dominated by fluorine atoms in these iminosugars with the amino acids' residues of the corresponding enzymes. Steady interactions were established between the C-7 fluoride and a hydrophobic pocket in amyloglucosidase by untypical anion-π interactions. These unexpected docking modes and related structure-activity relationship studies emphasize the value of fluorination in the design of polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuna Shimadate
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Maki Kise
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Dong Y, Schuppe AW, Mai BK, Liu P, Buchwald SL. Confronting the Challenging Asymmetric Carbonyl 1,2-Addition Using Vinyl Heteroarene Pronucleophiles: Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Processes through a Dearomatized Allyl-Cu Species. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5985-5995. [PMID: 35341240 PMCID: PMC9202959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The selective reductive coupling of vinyl heteroarenes with aldehydes and ketones represents a versatile approach for the rapid construction of enantiomerically enriched secondary and tertiary alcohols, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate a CuH-catalyzed regiodivergent coupling of vinyl heteroarenes with carbonyl-containing electrophiles, in which the selectivity is controlled by the ancillary ligand. This approach leverages an in situ generated benzyl- or dearomatized allyl-Cu intermediate, yielding either the dearomatized or exocyclic addition products, respectively. The method exhibits excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity and tolerates a range of common functional groups and heterocycles. The dearomative pathway allows direct access to a variety of functionalized saturated heterocyclic structures. The reaction mechanism was probed using a combination of experimental and computational approach. Density functional theory studies suggest that the ligand-controlled regioselectivity results from the C-H/π interaction and steric repulsion in transition states, leading to the major and minor regioisomers, respectively. Hydrocupration of vinyl heteroarene pronucleophile is the enantiodetermining step, whereas the diastereoselectivity is enforced by steric interactions between the benzylic or allyl-Cu intermediate and carbonyl-containing substrates in a six-membered cyclic transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Mykhailiuk PK. Fluorine-Containing Prolines: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Opportunities. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6961-7005. [PMID: 35175772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated prolines play an important role in peptide studies, protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and agrochemistry. Since the first synthesis of 4-fluoroprolines by Gottlieb and Witkop in 1965, their popularity started to grow exponentially. For example, during the past two decades, all isomeric trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines have been synthesized. In this Perspective, chemical properties and applications of fluorinated prolines are discussed. Synthetic approaches to all known fluorine-containing prolines are also discussed and analyzed. This analysis unexpectedly revealed an unsolved problem: in strict contrast to fluoro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines, the corresponding analogues with fluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups are mostly unknown. At the end of the paper, structures of several interesting, yet unknown, fluorinated prolines are disclosed─a good opportunity for chemists to make them.
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10
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Pons A, Decaens J, Najjar R, Otog N, Arribat M, Jolly S, Couve-Bonnaire S, Sebban M, Coadou G, Oulyadi H, Speybrouck D, Iwasa S, Charette AB, Poisson T, Jubault P. Fluorocyclopropane-Containing Proline Analogue: Synthesis and Conformation of an Item in the Peptide Chemist's Toolbox. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4868-4878. [PMID: 35187307 PMCID: PMC8851640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, numerous modifications to the structure of proline have been made in order to tune its effects on bioactive compounds. Notably, the introduction of a cyclopropane ring or a fluorine atom has produced interesting results. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a proline containing fluorocyclopropane. This modified amino acid was inserted into a tripeptide, whose conformation was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pons
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Decaens
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Riham Najjar
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nansalmaa Otog
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi
University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Mathieu Arribat
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sandrine Jolly
- Analytical
Sciences—Discovery Sciences, Janssen
Research & Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag, Campus de Maigremont, CS10615, F-27106 Val de Reuil Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Couve-Bonnaire
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Muriel Sebban
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Gael Coadou
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Speybrouck
- Analytical
Sciences—Discovery Sciences, Janssen
Research & Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag, Campus de Maigremont, CS10615, F-27106 Val de Reuil Cedex, France
| | - Seiji Iwasa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi
University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - André B. Charette
- Centre
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie
Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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11
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Kubyshkin V. Application of (4 R)-aminoproline in peptide engineering: conformational bias and pH-responsiveness revisited. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
How do we make proline residues pH sensitive?
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd., R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Canada
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12
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Sinnaeve D, Ben Bouzayene A, Ottoy E, Hofman GJ, Erdmann E, Linclau B, Kuprov I, Martins J, Torbeev V, Kieffer B. Fluorine NMR study of proline-rich sequences using fluoroprolines. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:795-813. [PMID: 37905223 PMCID: PMC10539733 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-795-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Proline homopolymer motifs are found in many proteins; their peculiar conformational and dynamic properties are often directly involved in those proteins' functions. However, the dynamics of proline homopolymers is hard to study by NMR due to a lack of amide protons and small chemical shift dispersion. Exploiting the spectroscopic properties of fluorinated prolines opens interesting perspectives to address these issues. Fluorinated prolines are already widely used in protein structure engineering - they introduce conformational and dynamical biases - but their use as 19 F NMR reporters of proline conformation has not yet been explored. In this work, we look at model peptides where Cγ -fluorinated prolines with opposite configurations of the chiral Cγ centre have been introduced at two positions in distinct polyproline segments. By looking at the effects of swapping these (4R )-fluoroproline and (4S )-fluoroproline within the polyproline segments, we were able to separate the intrinsic conformational properties of the polyproline sequence from the conformational alterations instilled by fluorination. We assess the fluoroproline 19 F relaxation properties, and we exploit the latter in elucidating binding kinetics to the SH3 (Src homology 3) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Sinnaeve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, U1167 – Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of
Aging-Related Diseases (RID-AGE), 59000 Lille, France
- CNRS, ERL9002 – Integrative Structural Biology, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Abir Ben Bouzayene
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, IGBMC, University of Strasbourg, Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404
Illkirch, France
| | - Emile Ottoy
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University,
Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert-Jan Hofman
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University,
Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ,
United Kingdom
| | - Eva Erdmann
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, IGBMC, University of Strasbourg, Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404
Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ,
United Kingdom
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ,
United Kingdom
| | - José C. Martins
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University,
Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS),
International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), University of Strasbourg,
CNRS UMR 7006, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Kieffer
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, IGBMC, University of Strasbourg, Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404
Illkirch, France
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13
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Ariawan AD, Mansour F, Richardson N, Bhadbhade M, Ho J, Hunter L. The Effect of Vicinal Difluorination on the Conformation and Potency of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133974. [PMID: 34209791 PMCID: PMC8271401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) are potential targets for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, but it is challenging to design isoform-selective agents. In this work, we created new analogs of two established but non-selective HDAC inhibitors. We decorated the central linker chains of the molecules with specifically positioned fluorine atoms in order to control the molecular conformations. The fluorinated analogs were screened against a panel of 11 HDAC isoforms, and minor differences in isoform selectivity patterns were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daryl Ariawan
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Flora Mansour
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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14
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Mondal R, Agbaria M, Nairoukh Z. Fluorinated Rings: Conformation and Application. Chemistry 2021; 27:7193-7213. [PMID: 33512034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine atoms into molecules and materials across many fields of academic and industrial research is now commonplace, owing to their unique properties. A particularly interesting feature is the impact of fluorine substitution on the relative orientation of a C-F bond when incorporated into organic molecules. In this Review, we will be discussing the conformational behavior of fluorinated aliphatic carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The conformational preference of each system is associated with various interactions introduced by fluorine substitution such as charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and hyperconjugative interactions. The contribution of each interaction on the stabilization of the fluorinated alicyclic system, which manifests itself in low conformations, will be discussed in detail. The novelty of this feature will be demonstrated by presenting the most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Mohamed Agbaria
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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15
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Zafrani Y, Parvari G, Amir D, Ghindes-Azaria L, Elias S, Pevzner A, Fridkin G, Berliner A, Gershonov E, Eichen Y, Saphier S, Katalan S. Modulation of the H-Bond Basicity of Functional Groups by α-Fluorine-Containing Functions and its Implications for Lipophilicity and Bioisosterism. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4516-4531. [PMID: 33844540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the H-bond basicity (pKHB) of various functional groups (FGs) by attaching fluorine functions and its impact on lipophilicity and bioisosterism considerations are described. In general, H/F replacement at the α-position to H-bond acceptors leads to a decrease of the pKHB value, resulting, in many cases, in a dramatic increase in the compounds' lipophilicity (log Po/w). In the case of α-CF2H, we found that these properties may also be affected by intramolecular H-bonds between CF2H and the FG. A computational study of ketone and sulfone series revealed that α-fluorination can significantly affect overall polarity, charge distribution, and conformational preference. The unique case of α-di- and trifluoromethyl ketones, which exist in octanol/water phases as ketone, hemiketal, and gem-diol forms, in equilibrium, prevents direct log Po/w determination by conventional methods, and therefore, the specific log Po/w values of these species were determined directly, for the first time, using Linclau's 19F NMR-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Dafna Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Lee Ghindes-Azaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Anat Berliner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eytan Gershonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Sigal Saphier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shahaf Katalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel
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16
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Lawer A, Hunter L. Controlling γ‐Peptide Helicity with Stereoselective Fluorination. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aggie Lawer
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney 2052 Australia
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17
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Brittain WDG, Lloyd CM, Cobb SL. Synthesis of complex unnatural fluorine-containing amino acids. J Fluor Chem 2020; 239:109630. [PMID: 33144742 PMCID: PMC7583769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The area of fluorinated amino acid synthesis has seen rapid growth over the past decade. As reports of singly fluorinated natural amino acid derivatives have grown, researchers have turned their attention to develop methodology to access complex proteinogenic examples. A variety of reaction conditions have been employed in this area, exploiting new advances in the wider synthetic community such as photocatalysis and palladium cross-coupling. In addition, novel fluorinated functional groups have also been incorporated into amino acids, with SFX and perfluoro moieties now appearing with more frequency in the literature. This review focuses on synthetic methodology for accessing complex non-proteinogenic amino acids, along with amino acids containing multiple fluorine atoms such as CF3, SF5 and perfluoroaromatic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carissa M Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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18
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Chen S, Ruan Y, Lu JL, Hunter L, Hu XG. Diastereoselective synthesis and conformational analysis of 4,5-difluoropipecolic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8192-8198. [PMID: 33030197 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01811b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselectively-fluorinated analogs of pipecolic acid have been investigated through a combined theoretical and experimental approach. Three of the four possible diastereoisomers of 4,5-difluoropipecolic acid were successfully synthesized via deoxyfluorination chemistry, navigating a complex reaction network that included neighboring group participation, rearrangement, and elimination pathways. A DFT-based conformational study, supported by NMR J-based analysis, revealed that the different diastereoisomers of 4,5-difluoropipecolic acid preferentially adopt different puckers of the six-membered ring. These findings could have future relevance for the conformational control of biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Ruan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Liang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecules, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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19
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Kubyshkin V. Polarity effects in 4-fluoro- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1837-1852. [PMID: 32765799 PMCID: PMC7385359 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing analogues of proline are valuable tools in engineering and NMR spectroscopic studies of peptides and proteins. Their use relies on the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the substituents and the main chain groups of the amino acid residue. This study aims to showcase the polarity-related effects that arise from the interaction between the functional groups in molecular models. Properties such as conformation, acid-base transition, and amide-bond isomerism were examined for diastereomeric 4-fluoroprolines, 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines, and 1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylates. The preferred conformation on the proline ring originated from a preferential axial positioning for a single fluorine atom, and an equatorial positioning for a trifluoromethyl- or a difluoromethylene group. This orientation of the substituents explains the observed trends in the pK a values, lipophilicity, and the kinetics of the amide bond rotation. The study also provides a set of evidences that the transition state of the amide-bond rotation in peptidyl-prolyl favors C4-exo conformation of the pyrrolidine ring.
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20
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Kubyshkin V. Stabilization of the triple helix in collagen mimicking peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8031-8047. [PMID: 31464337 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen mimics are peptides designed to reproduce structural features of natural collagen. A triple helix is the first element in the hierarchy of collagen folding. It is an assembly of three parallel peptide chains stabilized by packing and interchain hydrogen bonds. In this review we summarize the existing chemical approaches towards stabilization of this structure including the most recent developments. Currently proposed methods include manipulation of the amino acid composition, application of unnatural amino acid analogues, stimuli-responsive modifications, chain tethering approaches, peptide amphiphiles, modifications that target interchain interactions and more. This ability to manipulate the triple helix as a supramolecular self-assembly contributes to our understanding of the collagen folding. It also provides essential information needed to design collagen-based biomaterials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Dysart Rd. 144, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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21
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Moschner J, Stulberg V, Fernandes R, Huhmann S, Leppkes J, Koksch B. Approaches to Obtaining Fluorinated α-Amino Acids. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10718-10801. [PMID: 31436087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine does not belong to the pool of chemical elements that nature uses to build organic matter. However, chemists have exploited the unique properties of fluorine and produced countless fluoro-organic compounds without which our everyday lives would be unimaginable. The incorporation of fluorine into amino acids established a completely new class of amino acids and their properties, and those of the biopolymers constructed from them are extremely interesting. Increasing interest in this class of amino acids caused the demand for robust and stereoselective synthetic protocols that enable straightforward access to these building blocks. Herein, we present a comprehensive account of the literature in this field going back to 1995. We place special emphasis on a particular fluorination strategy. The four main sections describe fluorinated versions of alkyl, cyclic, aromatic amino acids, and also nickel-complexes to access them. We progress by one carbon unit increments. Special cases of amino acids for which there is no natural counterpart are described at the end of each section. Synthetic access to each of the amino acids is summarized in form of a table at the end of this article with the aim to make the information easily accessible to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Moschner
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Valentina Stulberg
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Rita Fernandes
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Susanne Huhmann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jakob Leppkes
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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22
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Hofman GJ, Ottoy E, Light ME, Kieffer B, Martins JC, Kuprov I, Sinnaeve D, Linclau B. Synthesis and Conformational Properties of 3,4-Difluoro-l-prolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3100-3120. [PMID: 30777755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated proline derivatives have found diverse applications in areas ranging from medicinal chemistry over structural biochemistry to organocatalysis. Depending on the stereochemistry of monofluorination at the proline 3- or 4-position, different effects on the conformational properties of proline (ring pucker, cis/ trans isomerization) are introduced. With fluorination at both 3- and 4-positions, matching or mismatching effects can occur depending on the relative stereochemistry. Here we report, in full, the syntheses and conformational properties of three out of the four possible 3,4-difluoro-l-proline diastereoisomers. The yet unreported conformational properties are described for (3 S,4 S)- and (3 R,4 R)-difluoro-l-proline, which are shown to bias ring pucker and cis/ trans ratios on the same order of magnitude as their respective monofluorinated progenitors, although with significantly faster amide cis/ trans isomerization rates. The reported analogues thus expand the scope of available fluorinated proline analogues as tools to tailor proline's distinct conformational and dynamical properties, allowing for the interrogation of its role in, for instance, protein stability or folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Hofman
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Emile Ottoy
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Mark E Light
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Kieffer
- Biomolecular NMR , University of Strasbourg , IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries/BP 10142 , Illkirch Cedex 67404 , France
| | - Jose C Martins
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Campus Sterre, S4, Krijgslaan 281 , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
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23
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Verhoork SJM, Killoran PM, Coxon CR. Fluorinated Prolines as Conformational Tools and Reporters for Peptide and Protein Chemistry. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6132-6143. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J. M. Verhoork
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Patrick M. Killoran
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Christopher R. Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
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24
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Tolmachova NA, Kondratov IS, Dolovanyuk VG, Pridma SO, Chernykh AV, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Synthesis of new fluorinated proline analogues from polyfluoroalkyl β-ketoacetals and ethyl isocyanoacetate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9683-9686. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New straightforward synthetic approach to hitherto unknown cis-/trans-CF3-prolines and other 3-polyfluoroalkyl proline analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Violetta G. Dolovanyuk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Münster
- Münster 48149
- Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence
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25
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Kubyshkin V, Pridma S, Budisa N. Comparative effects of trifluoromethyl- and methyl-group substitutions in proline. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What is the outcome of trifluoromethyl-/methyl-substitution in each position of the proline ring? Look inside to find out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | | | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
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