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Pramanik S, Islam ASM, Ghosh I, Ghosh P. Supramolecular chemistry of liquid-liquid extraction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7824-7847. [PMID: 38817569 PMCID: PMC11134359 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) is a venerable and widely used method for the separation of a targeted solute between two immiscible liquids. In recent years, this method has gained popularity in the supramolecular chemistry community due to the development of various types of synthetic receptors that effectively and selectively bind specific guests in an aqueous medium through different supramolecular interactions. This has eventually led to the development of state-of-the-art extraction technologies for the removal and purification of anions, cations, ion pairs, and small molecules from one liquid phase to another liquid phase, which is an industrially viable method. The focus of this perspective is to furnish a vivid picture of the current understanding of supramolecular interaction-based LLE chemistry. This will not only help to improve separation technology in the chemical, mining, nuclear waste treatment, and medicinal chemistry sectors but is also useful to address the purity issue of the extractable species, which is otherwise difficult. Thus, up-to-date knowledge on this subject will eventually provide opportunities to develop large-scale waste remediation processes and metallurgy applications that can address important real-life problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abu S M Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Iti Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
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2
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Bektas N, Aydogan A. A poly-pseudorotaxane constructed by threading pillar[5]arene onto an ion-pair recognition-based calix[4]pyrrole supramolecular polymer. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1862-1867. [PMID: 36799237 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The ion-pair recognition ability of calix[4]pyrrole was utilized to form a multicomponent monomeric assembly and a linear supramolecular polymer via concurrent anion and bis-cation complexation. The inherent dynamic interactions of these assemblies were further used to construct pseudorotaxanes in monomeric and supramolecular polymer forms with pillar[5]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Bektas
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Abdullah Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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3
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Docker A, Stevens JG, Beer PD. Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Materials for Cooperative Sodium Iodide Binding and Extraction. Chemistry 2021; 27:14600-14604. [PMID: 34520586 PMCID: PMC8596695 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel heteroditopic halogen bonding (XB) receptor functionalised silica based materials, containing mono- and bis-iodotriazole benzo-15-crown-5 groups are investigated for the cooperative binding and extraction of sodium halide ion-pair species from aqueous solution. Characterisation of the XB materials by CHN elemental analysis, 13 C CP/MAS NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies confirms and quantifies the successful incorporation of the ion-pair receptor frameworks to the silica material. ICP-MS solid-liquid extraction studies demonstrate the bidentate XB functionalised material is capable of NaI extraction from water. Importantly, cooperative XB-mediated sodium halide ion-pair binding is determined to be crucial to the material's extraction capabilities, impressively demonstrating a two-fold enhancement in sodium iodide extraction efficiency relative to a heteroditopic hydrogen bonding receptor functionalised silica material analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TA
| | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TA
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4
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Utilizing an Amino Acid Scaffold to Construct Heteroditopic Receptors Capable of Interacting with Salts under Interfacial Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910754. [PMID: 34639095 PMCID: PMC8509731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-nitro-L-phenylalanine scaffold was used to construct effective ion pair receptors capable of binding anions in an enhanced manner with the assistance of alkali metal cations. A benzocrown ether was linked to a receptor platform via the amide function so as to support the squaramide function in anion binding and to allow all three NHs to act simultaneously. The binding properties of the receptors were determined using UV-vis, 1H NMR, 2D NMR, and DOSY spectroscopy in MeCN and in the solid state by X-ray measurements. Ion pair receptor 2 was found to interact with the most strongly with salts, and the removal of its key structural elements was shown to hinder the receptor action. The amide proton was recognized to switch from having involvement in an intramolecular hydrogen bond to interacting with anions upon complexation. Apart from carboxylates, which promote deprotonation, and other monovalent salts creating 1:1 complexes with the receptor, more complex equilibria were established upon the complexation of 2 with sulfates. Receptor 2 was shown to be capable of the extraction of ion pairs from the aqueous to organic phase and of the cation-enhanced transport chloride and sulfate anions across a bulk chloroform membrane. These features may open the door for its use in regulating ion concertation under interfacial conditions and acting as a potential drug to treat channelopathies.
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Zakrzewski M, Załubiniak D, Piątek P. Development of effective potassium acetate extractant. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10860-10865. [PMID: 35423584 PMCID: PMC8695828 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylates are commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry and due to their extensive use, carboxylates present a significant environmental burden. In this context, valine based, heteroditopic receptor 1 was prepared and its ability to bind simultaneously potassium cation and acetate anion in water containing CH3CN solutions was demonstrated. Under liquid–liquid extraction conditions the receptor 1 was capable of extracting hydrophilic AcOK salt from aqueous solution and was proved to be nearly ten times more effective than the equimolar mixture of monotopic receptors. Furthermore, compound 1 could extract one of the most popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen (IbuOK), from relatively dilute aqueous solutions. Structurally simple, heteroditopic receptor is capable of extracting hydrophilic potassium acetate and other carboxylate salts from water to organic phase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zakrzewski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dominika Załubiniak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Piątek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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6
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McConnell AJ, Docker A, Beer PD. From Heteroditopic to Multitopic Receptors for Ion-Pair Recognition: Advances in Receptor Design and Applications. Chempluschem 2021; 85:1824-1841. [PMID: 32833334 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion-pair recognition has emerged from cation and anion recognition and become a diverse and active field in its own right. The last decade has seen significant advances in receptor design in terms of the types of binding motifs, understanding of cooperativity and increase in complexity from heteroditopic to multitopic receptors. As a result, attention has turned to applying this knowledge to the rational design of ion-pair receptors for applications in salt solubilisation and extraction, membrane transport and sensing. This Review highlights recent progress and developments in the design and applications of heteroditopic and multitopic receptors for ion-pair recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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7
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Zakrzewski M, Piątek P. Heteroditopic receptor flexibility – an important design principle for effective ion pair extractants based on carboxylate studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potassium carboxylate salt binding and extraction experiments of a heteroditopic receptor series reveal that conformational freedom is an important factor affecting salt extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zakrzewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Piątek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Maršálek K, Šindelář V. Monofunctionalized Bambus[6]urils and Their Conjugates with Crown Ethers for Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Inorganic Salts. Org Lett 2020; 22:1633-1637. [PMID: 32023070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bambusurils are a growing family of macrocyclic anion receptors. In this Letter, we present the first syntheses of monofunctionalized bambusurils and their use for the preparation of heteroditopic bambusuril-crown ether conjugates suitable for the extraction of ion pairs from water to chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Maršálek
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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10
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Jagleniec D, Ziach K, Dąbrowa K, Romański J. The Effect of Substitution Pattern on Binding Ability in Regioisomeric Ion Pair Receptors Based on an Aminobenzoic Platform. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162990. [PMID: 31426565 PMCID: PMC6720599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ditopic ion pair receptors equipped with 4-nitrophenylurea and 1-aza-18-crown-6-ether linked by ortho-(1), meta-(2), and para-(3) substituted benzoic acid were readily synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials. The binding properties of these regioisomeric receptors were determined using UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy in MeCN and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. The solution studies revealed that, apart from carboxylates, all the anions tested formed stronger complexes in the presence of sodium cations. Receptors 2 and 3 were found to interact with ion pairs with remarkably higher affinity than ortho-substituted 1. 1H NMR titration experiments showed that both urea NH protons interacted with anions with comparable strength in the case of receptors 2 and 3, but only one of the NHs was effective in anion binding in the case of receptor 1. X-ray analysis of the crystal structure of receptor 1 and 1·NaPF6 complex showed that binding was hampered due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Analysis of the crystal structures of 2·NaBr and 3·NaBr complexes revealed that proper mutual orientation of binding domains was responsible for the improved binding of the sodium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jagleniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ziach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kajetan Dąbrowa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Abstract
Cation and anion recognition have both played central roles in the development of supramolecular chemistry. Much of the associated research has focused on the development of receptors for individual cations or anions, as well as their applications in different areas. Rarely is complexation of the counterions considered. In contrast, ion pair recognition chemistry, emerging from cation and anion coordination chemistry, is a specific research field where co-complexation of both anions and cations, so-called ion pairs, is the center of focus. Systems used for the purpose, known as ion pair receptors, are typically di- or polytopic hosts that contain recognition sites for both cations and anions and which permit the concurrent binding of multiple ions. The field of ion pair recognition has blossomed during the past decades. Several smaller reviews on the topic were published roughly 5 years ago. They provided a summary of synthetic progress and detailed the various limiting ion recognition modes displayed by both acyclic and macrocyclic ion pair receptors known at the time. The present review is designed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the chemistry of macrocycle-based ion pair receptors. We specifically focus on the relationship between structure and ion pair recognition, as well as applications of ion pair receptors in sensor development, cation and anion extraction, ion transport, and logic gate construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Gabriela I Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , 660-701 , Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , 660-701 , Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Institute for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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12
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Kang K, Lohrman JA, Nagarajan S, Chen L, Deng P, Shen X, Fu K, Feng W, Johnson DW, Yuan L. Convergent Ditopic Receptors Enhance Anion Binding upon Alkali Metal Complexation for Catalyzing the Ritter Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:652-655. [PMID: 30638017 PMCID: PMC6653609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular approach to catalyzing the Ritter reaction by utilizing enhanced anion-binding affinity in the presence of alkali metal cations was developed with ditopic hydrogen-bonded amide macrocycles. With prebound cations in the macrocycle, particularly Li+ ion, their metal complexes exhibit greatly enhanced catalytic activities. The catalysis is switchable by removal or addition of the bound cation. The method described in this work may be generalized for use in other anion-triggered organic reactions involving heteroditopic receptors capable of ion pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Kang
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jessica A. Lohrman
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Sangaraiah Nagarajan
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lixi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kuirong Fu
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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13
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Bolshchikov B, Volkov S, Sokolova D, Gorbunov A, Serebryannikova A, Gloriozov I, Cheshkov D, Bezzubov S, Chung WS, Kovalev V, Vatsouro I. Constructing bridged multifunctional calixarenes by intramolecular indole coupling. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
2,2′-Bisindole bridges can be easily created at (thia)calixarene cores providing the molecules with multiple functionalities for application in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bolshchikov
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Sergey Volkov
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Daria Sokolova
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Alexander Gorbunov
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | | | - Igor Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Dmitry Cheshkov
- State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds
- 105118 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Stanislav Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Wen-Sheng Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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14
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Kokan Z, Chmielewski MJ. A Photoswitchable Heteroditopic Ion-Pair Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16010-16014. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Kokan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michał J. Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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