1
|
Kong D, Wu H, Ge J, Shen Z, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Enantioselectivity of Cobalt-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroarylation/Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes with N-Pyridylindoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6438-6443. [PMID: 35405065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular hydroarylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes with N-pyridylindoles. The computations reveal that the reaction begins with the oxidative cyclization of 1,6-enyne to afford the five-membered cobaltacycle, from which the metal-assisted σ-bond metathesis/C-C reductive elimination led to the final hydroarylation/cyclization product. The initial oxidative cyclization constitutes the rate-determining step of the overall reaction. The steric repulsion and π···π interaction were found to play a crucial role in dictating the experimentally observed enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deping Kong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jiaao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ge J, Wu H, Kong D, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Enantioselectivity of Cobalt-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation/Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes with Aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes. The computations show that the initial oxidative cyclization constitutes the rate-determining step of the overall reaction....
Collapse
|
3
|
Min S, Choi J, Yoo C, Graham PM, Lee Y. Ni(0)-promoted activation of C sp2 -H and C sp2 -O bonds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9983-9990. [PMID: 34377392 PMCID: PMC8317657 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dinickel(0)-N2 complex, stabilized with a rigid acridane-based PNP pincer ligand, was studied for its ability to activate C(sp2)-H and C(sp2)-O bonds. Stabilized by a Ni-μ-N2-Na+ interaction, it activates C-H bonds of unfunctionalized arenes, affording nickel-aryl and nickel-hydride products. Concomitantly, two sodium cations get reduced to Na(0), which was identified and quantified by several methods. Our experimental results, including product analysis and kinetic measurements, strongly suggest that this C(sp2)-H activation does not follow the typical oxidative addition mechanism occurring at a low-valent single metal centre. Instead, via a bimolecular pathway, two powerfully reducing nickel ions cooperatively activate an arene C-H bond and concomitantly reduce two Lewis acidic alkali metals under ambient conditions. As a novel synthetic protocol, nickel(ii)-aryl species were directly synthesized from nickel(ii) precursors in benzene or toluene with excess Na under ambient conditions. Furthermore, when the dinickel(0)-N2 complex is accessed via reduction of the nickel(ii)-phenyl species, the resulting phenyl anion deprotonates a C-H bond of glyme or 15-crown-5 leading to C-O bond cleavage, which produces vinyl ether. The dinickel(0)-N2 species then cleaves the C(sp2)-O bond of vinyl ether to produce a nickel(ii)-vinyl complex. These results may provide a new strategy for the activation of C-H and C-O bonds mediated by a low valent nickel ion supported by a structurally rigidified ligand scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehye Min
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea +82 2 880 6653
| | - Changho Yoo
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Peter M Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Joseph's University 5600 City Avenue Philadelphia PA 19131 USA
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea +82 2 880 6653
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu JB, Wang X, Messinis AM, Liu XJ, Kuniyil R, Chen DZ, Ackermann L. Understanding the unique reactivity patterns of nickel/JoSPOphos manifold in the nickel-catalyzed enantioselective C-H cyclization of imidazoles. Chem Sci 2020; 12:718-729. [PMID: 34163805 PMCID: PMC8178989 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3d transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective C–H functionalization provides a sustainable strategy for the construction of chiral molecules. A better understanding of the catalytic nature of the reactions and the factors controlling the enantioselectivity is important for rational design of more efficient systems. Herein, the mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed enantioselective C–H cyclization of imidazoles are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both the π-allyl nickel(ii)-promoted σ-complex-assisted metathesis (σ-CAM) and the nickel(0)-catalyzed oxidative addition (OA) mechanisms are disfavored. In addition to the typically proposed ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) mechanism, the reaction can also proceed via an unconventional σ-CAM mechanism that involves hydrogen transfer from the JoSPOphos ligand to the alkene through P–H oxidative addition/migratory insertion, C(sp2)–H activation via σ-CAM, and C–C reductive elimination. Importantly, computational results based on this new mechanism can indeed reproduce the experimentally observed enantioselectivities. Further, the catalytic activity of the π-allyl nickel(ii) complex can be rationalized by the regeneration of the active nickel(0) catalyst via a stepwise hydrogen transfer, which was confirmed by experimental studies. The calculations reveal several significant roles of the secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) unit in JoSPOphos during the reaction. The improved mechanistic understanding will enable design of novel enantioselective C–H transformations. Several unique reactivity patterns of the Ni/JoSPOphos manifold, including facile hydrogen transfer via the two-step oxidative addition/migratory insertion and C(sp2)–H activation via an unconventional σ-CAM mechanism, were disclosed in this work.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun R, Qiu Z, Cao G, Teng D. Ni(II)/tBu-SMI-PHOX catalyzed enantioselective addition of arylboronic acids to cyclic N-sulfonyl aldimines. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
Liu JB, Zhang X, Tian YY, Wang X, Zhu XK, Chen DZ. Mechanism and origins of ligand-controlled Pd(ii)-catalyzed regiodivergent carbonylation of alkynes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15059-15067. [PMID: 31549706 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed carbonylation provides a useful approach to synthesize carbonyl-containing compounds and their derivatives. Controlling the regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity remains a significant challenge and is the key to the success of transformation. In the present study, we explored the mechanism and origins of the ligand-controlled regiodivergent carbonylation of alkynes with competitive nucleophilic amino and hydroxy groups by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The proposed mechanism involves O(N)-cyclization, CO insertion, N-H(O-H) cleavage, C-N(C-O) reductive elimination and regeneration of the catalyst. The chemoselectivity is determined by cyclization. Instead of the originally proposed switch of competitive coordination sites, a new type of concerted deprotonation/cyclization model was proposed to rationalize the ligand-tuned chemoselectivity. The electron-deficient nitrogen-containing ligand promotes the flow of electrons during cyclization, and so it favors the O-cyclization/N-carbonylation pathway. However, sterically bulky and electron-rich phosphine controls the selectivity by a combination of electronic and steric effects. The improved mechanistic understanding will enable further design of selective transition-metal-catalyzed carbonylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Zhao Q, Fan JQ, Chen DZ, Liu JB. A computational mechanistic study of Ni(0)-catalyzed annulation of aromatic amides with alkynes: the effects of directing groups. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of Ni(0)-catalyzed annulation of aromatic amides with alkynes was studied theoretically to investigate the effects of directing groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Jia-Qi Fan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elsby MR, Liu J, Zhu S, Hu L, Huang G, Johnson SA. Influence of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Steric Bulk on Selectivity in Nickel Catalyzed C–H Bond Silylation, Germylation, and Stannylation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Samuel A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|