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Chen W, Wen LQ, Lu XB, Zhou H. Iron-catalyzed selective construction of indole derivatives via oxidative C(sp 3)-H functionalization of indolin-2-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3073-3079. [PMID: 38563186 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Considering the importance of developing powerful catalysts and the pharmacophore characteristics of indole derivatives, we describe a switchable approach for the iron-catalyzed oxidative C(sp3)-H functionalization of indolin-2-ones. Selective transformations displayed excellent activity and chemoselectivity using FeCl2 as the catalyst, air as the oxidant, and alcohol as the solvent. By manipulating the reaction conditions, particularly the choice of solvent, catalyst loading, and reaction sequence, a series of valuable indole derivatives, including isatins and symmetrical and nonsymmetrical isoindigos, were selectively synthesized in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the gram-scale synthesis of compounds with biological anticancer activity under simple conditions highlights their great potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Lang-Qi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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2
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Jagtap RA, Pradhan C, Gonnade RG, Punji B. An Efficient Route to 3,3'-Biindolinylidene-diones by Iron-Catalyzed Dimerization of Isatins. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200414. [PMID: 35608328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed dimerization of various isatin derivatives is described for the efficient synthesis of 3,3'-biindolinylidene-diones (isoindigos). The reaction provides easy access to self-coupled and cross-coupled 3,3'-indolinylidene-diones that have high relevance to biology and materials. This Fe(0)- or Fe(II)-catalyzed dimerization reaction tolerates a wide range of functionalities, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, alkenyl, nitrile, ether, ester, pyrrolyl, indolyl and carbazolyl groups, including cyclic and acyclic alkyls as well as an alkyl-bearing fatty-alcohol moiety. Especially, the coupling between two distinct isatins provided excellent selectivity for the cross-dimerization with trace of self-couplings. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study established the molecular structure of eight dimerized products. A preliminary mechanistic study of the Fe-catalyzed dimerization supported the radical pathway for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Jagtap
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Organic Chemistry Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
| | - Chandini Pradhan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Organic Chemistry Division, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Centre for Material Characterization, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
| | - Benudhar Punji
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR, Chemical Engineering Division, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, INDIA
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3
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Ju ZY, Song LN, Chong MB, Cheng DG, Hou Y, Zhang XM, Zhang QH, Ren LH. Selective Aerobic Oxidation of C sp3-H Bonds Catalyzed by Yeast-Derived Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Oxygen Codoped Carbon Materials. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3978-3988. [PMID: 35254832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen codoped carbon catalysts were successfully synthesized using dried yeast powder as a pyrolysis precursor. The yeast-derived heteroatom-doped carbon (yeast@C) catalysts exhibited outstanding performance in the oxidation of Csp3-H bonds to ketones and esters, giving excellent product yields (of up to 98% yield) without organic solvents at low O2 pressure (0.1 MPa). The catalytic oxidation protocol exhibited a broad range of substrates (38 examples) with good functional group tolerance, excellent regioselectivity, and synthetic utility. The yeast-derived heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts showed good reusability and stability after recycling six times without any significant loss of activity. Experimental results and DFT calculations proved the important role of N-oxide (N+-O-) on the surface of yeast@C and a reasonable carbon radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Ju
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Li-Na Song
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ben Chong
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.,Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhuabei Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Dang-Guo Cheng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ming Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lan-Hui Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.,Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhuabei Road, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
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4
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Meesin J, Chotsaeng N, Kuhakarn C. Dimerization of 3-Chlorooxindoles Mediated by Potassium Ethylxanthate: Synthesis of Isoindigos. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1784-2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel dimerization of 3-chlorooxindoles promoted by potassium ethylxanthate to access isoindigo derivatives is described. The reactions readily proceeded at room temperature in a short reaction time. The mechanistic study revealed that 3-chlorooxindole is initially converted to O-ethyl S-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl) carbonodithioate which subsequently undergoes dimerization upon elimination of carbon disulfide. In almost all cases, analytically pure isoindigos were isolated in moderate to good yields without the requirement of chromatographic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Meesin
- Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawasit Chotsaeng
- Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Chemistry, Mahidol University Faculty of Science, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shriver JA, Kaller KS, Kinsey AL, Wang KR, Sterrenberg SR, Van Vors MK, Cheek JT, Horner JS. A tunable synthesis of indigoids: targeting indirubin through temperature. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5407-5414. [PMID: 35425542 PMCID: PMC8981227 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous conversion of 3-indoxyl to indigo is a well-established process used to produce indigo dyes. It was recently shown that some indoles, when reacted with molybdenum hexacarbonyl and cumyl peroxide, proceed through an indoxyl intermediate to produce significant amounts of indirubin through a competing mechanism. Modulation of this system to lower temperatures allows for careful tuning, leading to selective production of indirubins in a general process. A systematic assay of indoles show that electron deficient indoles work well when substituted at the 5 and 7 positions. In contrast, 6-substituted electron rich indoles give the best results whereas halogeno indoles work well in all cases. This process shows broad functional group tolerance for generally reactive carbonyl-containing compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shriver
- Central College 812 University St. Campus Box 020 Pella IA 50219 USA
| | - Kaylie S Kaller
- Central College 812 University St. Campus Box 020 Pella IA 50219 USA
| | - Ally L Kinsey
- Central College 812 University St. Campus Box 020 Pella IA 50219 USA
| | - Katelyn R Wang
- Central College 812 University St. Campus Box 020 Pella IA 50219 USA
| | | | | | - Joshua T Cheek
- Central College 812 University St. Campus Box 020 Pella IA 50219 USA
| | - John S Horner
- Central College 812 University St. Campus Box 020 Pella IA 50219 USA
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6
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Zhaoxin W, Renjie W, Yonghong Z, Bin W, Yu X, Weiwei J, Chenjiang L. Electrochemical Synthesis of N-Acyl/Sulfonylsulfenamides Using Potassium Iodide as Mediator. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Marek L, Váňa J, Svoboda J, Hanusek J. Synthesis of the Kinase Inhibitors Nintedanib, Hesperadin, and Their Analogues Using the Eschenmoser Coupling Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10621-10629. [PMID: 34269051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthetic approach involving an Eschenmoser coupling reaction of substituted 3-bromooxindoles (H, 6-Cl, 6-COOMe, 5-NO2) with two substituted thiobenzanilides in dimethylformamide or acetonitrile was used for the synthesis of eight kinase inhibitors including Nintedanib and Hesperadin in yields exceeding 76%. Starting compounds for the synthesis are also easily available in good yields. 3-Bromooxindoles were prepared either from corresponding isatins using a three-step synthesis in an average overall yield of 65% or by direct bromination of oxindoles (yield of 65-86%). Starting N-(4-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-phenyl)-thiobenzamide was prepared by thionation of the corresponding benzanilide in an 86% yield and N-methyl-N-(4-thiobenzoylaminophenyl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetamide was prepared by thioacylation of the corresponding aniline with methyl dithiobenzoate in an 86% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, The Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Váňa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, The Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hanusek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, The Czech Republic
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NH4I-catalyzed C–S bond formation via an oxidation relay strategy: Efficient access to dithioether decorated indolizines. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Bisht GS, Gnanaprakasam B. Transition-Metal-Free Addition Reaction for the Synthesis of 3-(Aminobenzylidene/aminoalkylidene)indolin-2-ones and Its Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13516-13527. [PMID: 31556607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient transition-metal-free approach for the exclusive synthesis of Z-3-(aminobenzylidene/aminoalkylidene)indolin-2-ones in high yield from 2-oxindole and aryl/alkyl nitrile in the presence of LiOtBu and 2,2'-bipyridine system is described. In addition, we disclosed a new approach towards the metal-free fluorination using selectfluor and the C═C bond cleavage using CuI and environmentally benign O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Singh Bisht
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
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10
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Hua R. Base-Promoted Chemodivergent Formation of 1,4-Benzoxazepin-5(4 H)-ones and 1,3-Benzoxazin-4(4 H)-ones Switched by Solvents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203773. [PMID: 31635103 PMCID: PMC6832296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The KOH-promoted chemodivergent benzannulation of ortho-fluorobenzamides with 2-propyn-1-ol can afford either 1,4-benzoxazepin-5(4H)-ones or 1,3-benzoxazin-4(4H)-ones in good yields with high selectivity, depending greatly upon the use of solvents. In the case of using DMSO, the intermolecular benzannulation produced seven-membered benzo-fused heterocycles of 1,4-benzoxazepin-5(4H)-ones, whereas in MeCN, the six-membered benzo-fused heterocycles of 1,3-benzoxazin-4(4H)-ones were formed. The KOH-promoted benzannulation proceeded most probably through the C–F nucleophilic substitution of ortho-fluorobenzamides with 2-propyn-1-ol to give the intermediate of ortho-[(2-propynyl)oxy]benzamide, which underwent the intramolecular hydroamidation in a different manner to afford either seven- or six-membered benzo-fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China.
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Saini KM, Saunthwal RK, Kumar S, Verma AK. On water: iodine-mediated direct construction of 1,3-benzothiazines from ortho-alkynylanilines by regioselective 6-exo-dig cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2657-2662. [PMID: 30762860 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the 6-exo-dig ring closure of ortho-alkynylanilines with readily available aroyl isothiocyanate. An environmentally benign, metal- and base-free, iodine promoted cascade synthesis of highly functionalized (benzo[1,3]thiazin-2-yl)benzimidic acids has been accomplished via in situ generated ortho-alkynylthiourea. The established methodology employs the abundant chemical feedstock of ortho-alkynylanilines and aroyl isothiocyanates and could be applied in the late-stage synthesis of pharmaceutically active 1,3-benzothiazine containing molecules. Furthermore, the discovered protocol exclusively delivers bis (benzo[1,3]thiazin-2-yl)dibenzimidic acid products and preserves the iodo-olefin substitution pattern which can be exploited by further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Mohan Saini
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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12
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Tran VH, Kim HK. CaI 2-Catalyzed direct transformation of N-Alloc-, N-Troc-, and N-Cbz-protected amines to asymmetrical ureas. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A practical CaI2-catalyzed direct synthesis of asymmetrical ureas from N-Alloc-, N-Troc-, and N-Cbz-carbamate compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center
- Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center
- Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Recent Advances in Homogeneous Metal-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Oxidation of Benzylic Compounds. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Csp3–H oxidation of benzylic methylene compounds is an established strategy for the synthesis of aromatic ketones, esters, and amides. The need for more sustainable oxidizers has encouraged researchers to explore the use of molecular oxygen. In particular, homogeneous metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic methylenes has attracted much attention. This account summarizes the development of this oxidative strategy in the last two decades, examining key factors such as reaction yields, substrate:catalyst ratio, substrate scope, selectivity over other oxidation byproducts, and reaction conditions including solvents and temperature. Finally, several mechanistic proposals to explain the observed results will be discussed.
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Xiong M, Gao Z, Liang X, Cai P, Zhu H, Pan Y. Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of N,N′-diaryl-o-phenylenediamines from cyclohexanones and anilines using DMSO and O2 as oxidants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9679-9682. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An I2/DMSO system has been successfully applied to synthesize N,N′-diaryl-o-phenylenediamines from cyclohexanones for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingteng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Heping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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