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Shi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Peng Y, Huang X, Zhang Y, Geng H, Wang Y, Li X, Liu C, Liu C. Mitochondrion-targeting and in situ photocontrolled protein delivery via photocages. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112624. [PMID: 36521315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial proteostasis contribute to many disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic and genetic diseases. A strategy aimed at restoring the damaged mitochondrial proteostasis is the mitochondrion-targeting and carrier-free delivery of exogenous functional proteins that can replace the endogenous dysfunctional proteins. The modification of a protein with a photolabile protecting group (PPG, i.e., photocage group) can be activated in situ by response to illumination, leading to release of the protein from its photocage. Here, the Cys and peptide photocages with coumarin were first prepared and characterized for proof of concept. Then, we designed a pair of photocage groups PPG-RhB and PPG-TPP using coumarin and mitochondrion-targeting Rhodamine B (RhB) and triphenylphosphine (TPP), and another pair of organelle-nontarget photocage groups Br-PPG and NO2-PPG for comparison. The proteins modified with these two pairs of photocage groups undergo photolysis in solutions, and can penetrate cell membrane toward their destinations in the carrier-free fashions. The intracellular protein photocages are in situ activated by illumination at 405 nm, and the proteins are released from their photocages in mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. This strategy of light-responsive and carrier-free cellular delivery enables mitochondrial and cytoplasmic accumulation of exogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yujie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China; College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China.
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2
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Feng Z, Ducos B, Scerbo P, Aujard I, Jullien L, Bensimon D. The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196231. [PMID: 36234767 PMCID: PMC9572478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal’s distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, 46 Rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aujard
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- Laboratoire PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Bensimon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Letters University, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (D.B.)
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3
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Mangubat-Medina AE, Ball ZT. Triggering biological processes: methods and applications of photocaged peptides and proteins. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10403-10421. [PMID: 34320043 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant push in recent years to deploy fundamental knowledge and methods of photochemistry toward biological ends. Photoreactive groups have enabled chemists to activate biological function using the concept of photocaging. By granting spatiotemporal control over protein activation, these photocaging methods are fundamental in understanding biological processes. Peptides and proteins are an important group of photocaging targets that present conceptual and technical challenges, requiring precise chemoselectivity in complex polyfunctional environments. This review focuses on recent advances in photocaging techniques and methodologies, as well as their use in living systems. Photocaging methods include genetic and chemical approaches that require a deep understanding of structure-function relationships based on subtle changes in primary structure. Successful implementation of these ideas can shed light on important spatiotemporal aspects of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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4
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Klimek R, Wang M, McKenney VR, Schuman EM, Heckel A. Photo-tethered molecular beacons for superior light-induction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:615-618. [PMID: 33346255 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06704k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed a superior class of light-activatable molecular beacons with photo-tethered loop regions. Two simple modifications and probe cyclisation prevent the molecular beacon from hybridising with the target RNA before light-activation. Full activity of the molecular beacon is elicited upon illumination with 365 nm light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Klimek
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt a.M, Germany.
| | - Mantian Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, 60438 Frankfurt a.M, Germany
| | - Vivien R McKenney
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt a.M, Germany.
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, 60438 Frankfurt a.M, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt a.M, Germany.
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5
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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6
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Mutter NL, Huang G, van der Heide NJ, Lucas FLR, Galenkamp NS, Maglia G, Wloka C. Preparation of Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) Nanopores. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2020; 2186:3-10. [PMID: 32918725 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0806-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological nanopores are an emerging class of biosensors with high-end precision owing to their reproducible fabrication at the nanometer scale. Most notably, nanopore-based DNA sequencing applications are currently being commercialized, while nanopore-based proteomics may become a reality in the near future.Although membrane proteins often prove to be difficult to purify, we describe a straightforward protocol for the preparation of Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) nanopores, which may have applications for DNA analysis and nanopore-based proteomics. Recombinantly expressed FraC nanopores are purified via two rounds of Ni-NTA affinity chromatography before and after oligomerization on sphingomyelin-containing liposomes. Starting from a plasmid vector containing the FraC gene, our method allows the production of purified nanopores within a week. Afterward, the FraC nanopores can be stored at +4 °C for several months, or frozen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lisa Mutter
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Huang
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nieck Jordy van der Heide
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Stéphanie Galenkamp
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Wloka
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Mutter NL, Volarić J, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Maglia G. Reversible Photocontrolled Nanopore Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14356-14363. [PMID: 31469268 PMCID: PMC6743218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Self-assembly
is a fundamental feature of biological systems, and
control of such processes offers fascinating opportunities to regulate
function. Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) is a toxin that upon binding to the
surface of sphingomyelin-rich cells undergoes a structural metamorphosis,
leading to the assembly of nanopores at the cell membrane and causing
cell death. In this study we attached photoswitchable azobenzene pendants
to various locations near the sphingomyelin binding pocket of FraC
with the aim of remote controlling the nanopore assembly using light.
We found several constructs in which the affinity of the toxin for
biological membranes could be activated or deactivated by irradiation,
thus enabling reversible photocontrol of pore formation. Notably,
one construct was completely inactive in the thermally adapted state;
it however induced full lysis of cultured cancer cells upon light
irradiation. Selective irradiation also allowed isolation of individual
nanopores in artificial lipid membranes. Photocontrolled FraC might
find applications in photopharmacology for cancer therapeutics and
has potential to be used for the fabrication of nanopore arrays in
nanopore sensing devices, where the reconstitution, with high spatiotemporal
precision, of single nanopores must be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wiktor Szymanski
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology , University of Groningen , Hanzeplein 1 , 9713 GZ , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Müller P, Seyfried P, Frühauf A, Heckel A. Phosphodiester photo-tethers for the (multi-)cyclic conformational caging of oligonucleotides. Methods Enzymol 2019; 624:89-111. [PMID: 31370937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to address the function of oligonucleotides with light is highly desirable since they are often used experimentally in the regulation of biological processes that need to be controlled in time, space and activation level. Here we present an extension of our initial approach of using photo-tethers that force single strands of nucleic acids into a circle, thus making them unable to form a duplex with a complementary DNA- or RNA-strand. Due to the persistence length a single strand can form a circle of, for example, 30 nucleotides, but a duplex cannot. We show that these new photo-tethers can also be easily installed on the phosphodiester backbone. This simplifies the approach considerably and leads to temporarily inhibited oligonucleotides that can only form a duplex after linearization by photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Müller
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Seyfried
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Frühauf
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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9
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Light-triggered release of photocaged therapeutics - Where are we now? J Control Release 2019; 298:154-176. [PMID: 30742854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current available therapeutics face several challenges such as the development of ideal drug delivery systems towards the goal of personalized treatments for patients benefit. The application of light as an exogenous activation mechanism has shown promising outcomes, owning to the spatiotemporal confinement of the treatment in the vicinity of the diseased tissue, which offers many intriguing possibilities. Engineering therapeutics with light responsive moieties have been explored to enhance the bioavailability, and drug efficacy either in vitro or in vivo. The tailor-made character turns the so-called photocaged compounds highly desirable to reduce the side effects of drugs and, therefore, have received wide research attention. Herein, we seek to highlight the potential of photocaged compounds to obtain a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind its use in therapeutic delivery. A deep overview on the progress achieved in the design, fabrication as well as current and possible future applications in therapeutics of photocaged compounds is provided, so that novel formulations for biomedical field can be designed.
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