1
|
Yu M, Li Y, Zhang C, Luo H, Ge C, Chen X, Fu L, Ju Z, Yao X. Fischer–Helferich glycosidation mechanism of glucose to methyl glycosides over Al-based catalysts in alcoholic media. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23416-23426. [PMID: 36090444 PMCID: PMC9382650 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fischer–Helferich glycosidation reaction is generally the initial step in the conversion of glucose to levulinate in alcohol media. However, the relevant molecular mechanism catalyzed by Al-based catalysts is still not well understood. In this work, the reaction mechanism of the glycosidation from glucose to methyl glycosides catalyzed by Al3+ coordinated with methanol/methoxyl was investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The whole reaction process includes ring-opening, addition, and ring-closure events. The addition of methanol to the ring-opening structure of glucose makes the electronegativity of C1 site stronger to proceed with the following ring-closure reaction. Among the 28 kinds of ways of ring-closure reaction, the most preferred way is to close the loop through the six-membered ring (O5–C1) to generate methyl glucoside (MDGP). The rate-determining step is the ring-closure and the Al3+ shows a great catalytic effect which is mainly reflected in coordinating with the solvents to transfer protons. The results would be helpful to understanding the Fischer–Helferich glycosidation mechanism catalyzed by Al-based catalysts and comprehend the conversion of glucose to high value-added chemicals. The reaction mechanism of conversion of glucose to methyl glycosides (MDGP) catalyzed by Al-based catalysts through Fischer–Helferich glycosidation has been probed by DFT calculations.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yu
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Chengsheng Ge
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Fu
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ju
- College of Chemical & Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
- Xianhe Co., Ltd, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|